共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
苜蓿根腐病菌(Fusarium solani)生物学特性研究 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
主要研究了温度、湿度、pH值、光照、营养对苜蓿根腐病菌(Fusarium solani)生长、产孢和孢子萌发的影响.该病菌菌丝生长的温度范围为8～38℃,最适20～28℃;产生分生孢子的温度范围为10～38℃,最适25℃;分生孢子萌发的温度范围为8～38℃,最适25～32℃.在pH值5～10的范围内该菌均能生长和产孢,菌丝生长最适pH值5～9;分生孢子产生和萌发最适pH值6～7.分生孢子在饱和湿度或水滴中萌发快,相对湿度低于85%时不能萌发.光照处理对该菌生长无显著影响.分生孢子的致死温度为50℃,10 min或55℃,5 min,菌丝体的致死温度为60℃,30 min或65℃,5 min. 相似文献
2.
采用生长速率法和测定产孢量,研究了葡萄炭疽病菌的生物学特性,并测定了8种杀菌剂的毒力。结果表明：PDA培养基最适宜菌落生长,葡萄糖蛋白胨琼脂培养基产孢量最多。菌丝生长的适宜温度范围为5～40 ℃,最适温度25 ℃;菌落产孢能适应较广的pH值,以pH 3产孢量最多;菌丝的致死温度为56 ℃。菌落生长对光照的要求不严格,但以全暗条件最适宜产孢。在测试的碳源中,麦芽糖和蔗糖较适宜菌丝生长,乳糖最适宜产孢;氮源中以蛋白胨、酵母膏和牛肉膏较适宜菌丝生长,牛肉膏最适宜产孢。采用生长速率法测定了8种杀菌剂对病菌的抑制作用,其中氟啶胺、多菌灵、咪鲜胺锰盐和吡唑醚菌酯的毒力较高。 相似文献
3.
4.
俄罗斯木霉菌株GAU 1-X-2的生物学特性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从碳氮源、酸碱度及生长温度等方面对俄罗斯木霉(Trichoderma rossicum)菌株GAU 1-X-2的生物学特性进行了研究。结果表明,俄罗斯木霉菌株GAU 1-X-2的生长温度范围为10~35℃,最适温度为20℃;菌落在pH值为5.0~12.0的培养基上能够生长,pH为7.0时,生长最快,pH值为8.0时产孢量最大;营养生长最好的碳源为甘露醇,产孢量最好的碳源为葡萄糖;营养生长最适氮源为蛋白胨,在供试的7种氮源中,培养6d未观测到该菌株产孢;完全黑暗条件有利于菌丝生长和产孢;孢子致死温度为68℃,10min。 相似文献
5.
桑卷叶枯病是桑树的主要真菌病害之一。采用常规的微生物学试验方法观察病原菌桑单胞枝霉菌(Hormodendrummori Yendo)的形态并研究病原菌的分离培养条件。结果表明,病原菌在PDA培养基上生长良好,形成白色圆形凸状菌落,并能产生大量的暗蓝褐色分生孢子梗和淡灰色分生孢子;菌丝的生长温度为8～40℃,产生分生孢子的温度为10～38℃,分生孢子的致死温度为50～55℃,菌丝生长和分生孢子产生的最适温度为25～30℃;适合菌丝生长的pH为4.5～11.0,最适pH为6～7;相对湿度大有利于菌丝生长和分生孢子的产生与萌发;连续光照可促进产孢。以上结果信息可供研究桑卷叶枯病病原菌的危害特点和建立病害的有效防治方法参考。 相似文献
6.
2种麦冬炭疽病菌生物学特性的研究 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
胶孢炭疽菌和黑线炭疽菌是麦冬炭疽病的病原菌.胶孢炭疽菌菌丝体生长、产孢和孢子萌发的最适温度都为28℃,黑线炭疽菌的分别为25,28和25℃.弱酸条件有利于2种炭疽菌菌丝体的生长和产孢,在pH值为4时产孢量都达到最大值,胶孢炭疽菌在pH值为7时孢子萌发率最大,黑线炭疽菌在pH值为8时达最大.光照处理对这2种病菌营养生长和产孢均无显著影响.供试碳源中果糖和葡萄糖有利于胶孢炭疽菌的菌丝体牛长,山梨糖和淀粉有利于其产孢;麦芽糖有利于黑线炭疽菌的菌丝体生长,淀粉有利于其产孢;氮源中有机氮有利于2种炭疽菌生长和产孢,化学氮源则表现抑制作用.胶孢炭疽菌和黑线炭疽菌的致死温度分别为55和50℃10 min. 相似文献
7.
【目的】研究温度、pH和不同营养条件对捕食线虫真菌圆锥节丛孢菌(Arthrobotrys conoides)生长及产孢特性的影响,分析其在碳氮饥饿条件下几丁质酶的表达水平,优化该菌的培养条件,为该菌的扩大培养提供参考依据。【方法】将圆锥节丛孢菌AC-shz1菌株接种于YPSSA培养基,分别置于不同温度(15、20、25、30和35℃)、pH(5.0、5.5、6.0、6.5、7.0、7.5和8.0)、碳源(果糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖、乳糖、淀粉、纤维素、几丁质)、氮源(甘氨酸、苯丙氨酸、蛋白胨、酵母粉、硫酸铵、尿素)和碳氮比(1∶1、5∶1、10∶1、20∶1、40∶1)环境条件下进行培养,观察并记录菌丝的生长速度及形态,测定其产孢能力;在碳氮源饥饿条件下,采用实时荧光定量PCR方法对4种几丁质酶基因的表达水平进行分析。【结果】圆锥节丛孢菌在温度15～30℃均能生长,其中以25℃时菌丝生长最快且产孢能力最强;在pH为6.5～7.5时菌丝生长良好,其中以pH 7.0时产孢能力最强。圆锥节丛孢菌最适菌丝生长和产孢碳源为葡萄糖和蔗糖,其中含葡萄糖的培养基产孢量最高;最适氮源为酵母粉和蛋... 相似文献
8.
桑褐斑壳丰孢(Phloeospora maculans)是近几年鉴定的云南蚕区桑园发生桑褐斑病的主要病原菌之一。采用菌丝生长速率法研究不同培养基及碳源和氮源、p H值、温度、光照条件对该病原菌菌丝生长与产孢量的影响。结果表明,桑褐斑壳丰孢的菌丝适宜在PDA培养基和PDA+1%桑叶碎片培养基(简称PDA桑叶培养基)上生长,其中PDA桑叶培养基是最佳的产孢培养基;菌丝生长最佳培养基中的碳源和氮源物质分别是麦芽糖、蛋白胨,以可溶性淀粉为碳源的培养基产孢量最大,而在所有有氮源和无氮源物质的培养基上均不产孢;菌丝生长的最适培养基p H值为6~9,而p H 6时产孢量最大;在22~28℃培养条件下,菌丝生长最快,产孢量最大;连续黑暗条件适合菌丝生长和产孢;菌丝的致死温度条件为50℃水浴处理10 min。上述研究结果提示桑褐斑壳丰孢有很强的营养利用和环境适应能力。 相似文献
9.
PZ6 菌株是一株分离于香蕉根际土壤的具有生防潜力的木霉菌株,通过rDNA-ITS鉴定为棘孢木霉（Trichoderma asperellum）。采用室内菌丝生长、产孢测定方法研究了PZ6 菌株生物学特性,为进一步研究菌株的发酵培养及田间应用技术提供理论依据。结果表明: PZ6 菌株在PDA、PSA、OMA和Czapek上均能生长,但在PDA和OMA培养基上菌丝生长和产孢最佳,培养3 d菌落直径均达到76.67 mm,产孢量对数值达到7.63。温度对菌丝生长和孢子产生影响显著,在15～37 ℃之间均能生长,在25～30 ℃之间菌丝生长较好,以30 ℃时菌丝生长最快,培养3 d 后菌落直径达到89.00 mm,并且产孢量也显著高于其他培养温度;光照处理对菌丝生长影响明显,持续光照可显著促进产孢。葡萄糖、果糖、乳糖、麦芽糖和蔗糖都能够较好促进菌丝生长,葡萄糖和果糖是PZ6菌株产孢的最佳碳源;硫酸盐与硝酸盐是PZ6菌丝生长和产孢的最佳氮源;菌株在pH值2～12的范围均可以生长产孢,但最适宜的生长产孢条件为pH 值5～9。 相似文献
10.
本文对从内蒙古赤峰巴雅尔草业基地紫花苜蓿根部分离到的菌株 BYE27-2-5进行了致病性测定、形态学和rDNA-ITS 序列分析鉴定及生物学特性测定。结果表明,该菌菌丝生长、产孢和孢子萌发的最适温度分别为25,30和28℃;pH 值5．0～11．0均宜于菌丝生长,产孢最适 pH 8．0,孢子萌发最适 pH 7．0;光暗交替利于菌丝生长,光照利于产孢和孢子的萌发;孢子在相对湿度低于75％不萌发,高于95％萌发较快;葡萄糖蛋白胨培养基利于菌丝生长和孢子萌发,马铃薯蔗糖琼脂培养基利于产孢;碳源中葡萄糖利于菌丝生长和孢子萌发,蔗糖利于产孢;氮源中蛋白胨利于菌丝生长,酵母膏利于产孢和孢子萌发;菌丝致死温度为54℃（10 min）,分生孢子的致死温度为48℃（10 min）;根据其形态特征和 rDNA-ITS 序列分析结果,鉴定其为拟枝孢镰刀菌（Fusarium sporotrichioide ）。 相似文献
11.
Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
12.
Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
13.
Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
14.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
15.
16.
Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 S. Pashaei T. Ghoorchi A. Yamchi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):211-216
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed. 相似文献
17.
Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb
albumin
- ALT
alanine aminotransferase
- AST
aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN
blood urea nitrogen
- Chol
cholesterol
- Glob
globulin
- -GT
-glutamyl transpeptidase
- IP
inorganic phosphorus
- TP
total protein 相似文献
18.
Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献
19.
A knowledge of the microbiological status of milk and of the different structures in the mammary glands has great importance
in elucidating the pathogenesis of mammary gland infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological
status of various structures in the mammary glands from naturally infected dairy cows following slaughter. A total of 94 samples
of milk, 184 samples of mammary parenchyma, 168 samples of gland cisterns, and 168 samples of teat cisterns were collected
for microbiological examination. Microorganisms were detected in 59.9% of all samples, 67.0% of the milk samples, 70.1% of
the mammary parenchymas, 55.9% of the gland cisterns and 48.8% of the teat cistern samples. When all samples were considered,
coagulase-negative Staphylococcus were the most prevalent (35.7%) followed by coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (12.2%), Corynebacterium bovis (2.4%), Prototheca sp. (1.9%), and Streptococcus dysgalactiae (1.5%). There was a significantly higher occurrence of microorganisms in the milk and mammary parenchyma compared to the
gland cisterns and teat cisterns.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
20.
Four grass plots were sequentially contaminated with goat faeces containing known numbers of unembryonated eggs of predominantly Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. between October 1982 and April 1983. Four other plots were similarly contaminated with sheep faeces between February and May 1987. An additional plot was repeatedly contaminated with sheep faeces from February to April 1987. Populations of free-living stages in faeces and of infective larvae (L3) in the herbage were subsequently monitored until the end of April and June of 1983 and 1987 respectively. During February and May 1987 two control cultures of sheep faeces were incubated in the laboratory at 25°C–30°C and at a constant temperature of 50°C and the free-living development was also monitored. L3 developed very readily in the faeces cultured at 25°C–30°C and in those spread on a grass plot in October, at the end of the wet season, but developed less on the plot contaminated in May at the start of the wet season. Worm eggs in faeces deposited on plots during the hot dry season (December to April) or incubated at 50°C died and disintegrated after 24–48 h exposure to the high environmental temperatures. The results indicate that it is unlikely that gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats can develop or survive on open pasture during the dry season in the Nigerian derived savanna zone. 相似文献