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本文介绍了柑桔大实蝇防治的一种新技术。该技术的关键是，在成虫羽化期于桔园及其周围杂草上喷施诱杀剂，诱杀刚羽化出土的成虫，使用药剂为自配糖醋敌百虫诱杀剂，防治效果达99.81%，新技术的防治效果显著优于常规防治技术树冠诱杀所采用的点喷和挂瓶方式的防治效果，常规树冠诱杀使用药剂分别为：果瑞特、猎蝇、诱粘，防治效果分别为61.67%、59.53%、57.47%。 相似文献
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野外调查结果表明,柑桔大实蝇在贵州地区一年发生一代,以蛹在土中越冬,越冬死亡率约40%结合蛋白诱剂诱捕器监测进一步发现,柑桔大实蝇初次发生时间为4月,高峰期为7-8,尾期为9月。化学药剂防治试验表明：7种化学药剂防效为67.59～94.20%。防治效果由高到低依次为2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯乳油＞氰戊菊酯20%乳油＞0.1%阿维菌素乳油饵剂＞48%毒死蜱乳油＞40%辛硫磷乳油＞2.5%乙基多杀菌素悬浮剂＞敌百虫90%原药。实际生产中,推荐使用2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯乳油或氰戊菊酯20%乳油,若进一步节省成本可使用0.1%阿维菌素乳油饵剂。 相似文献
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为防治柑桔锈壁虱提供高效药剂,开展了3种新型药剂效防治柑桔锈壁虱田间药效试验。结果表明,15%唑虫酰胺悬浮剂3000～5000倍液、500克/升氟啶胺悬浮剂1000～2000倍液、5%阿维菌素?虱螨脲乳油4000～6000倍液对柑桔锈壁虱防治效果较好,药后1～28天防效在96%以上,速效性好,持效期长。与生产常用药剂1.8%阿维菌素乳油3000倍液比较,各处理与对照药剂之间防效没有显著性差异。试验剂量范围内未发现药剂对柑桔产生药害,也未发现对天敌产生不利影响,可以在柑桔上推广应用。 相似文献
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本文综述了柑桔大实蝇农业防治、化学防治和物理防治等技术及要点。农业防治技术包括处理“三果”、 翻土灭蛹、高接换头、消灭混杂;化学防治技术包括糖醋毒液诱杀成虫、全园喷雾药杀成虫、地面封杀成虫;物理防治技术有释放辐照不育虫,二是频振灯诱杀
并分析了柑橘大实蝇防治失利的原因及进一步提高防治效果的研究方向。 相似文献
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测定10.8%阿维菌素?苯丁锡悬浮剂对桔全爪螨成螨和卵的生物活性和田间防效。活性测定结果表明,10.8%阿维菌素?苯丁锡悬浮剂对桔全爪螨成虫的玻片浸渍法的致死中浓度（LC50 ）为2.1359mg/kg, 小于对照药剂1.8％阿维菌素乳油和50%苯丁锡可湿性粉剂的LC50值5.2744mg/kg和7.8876mg/kg,卵的叶片浸渍法的LC50值 为48.2826 mg/kg,小于对照药剂1.8％阿维菌素乳油和50%苯丁锡可湿性粉剂的LC50值654.3917mg/kg和115.2922mg/kg 。田间防效结果表明,10.8%阿维菌素?苯丁锡悬浮剂 1500～2500倍液对柑桔桔全爪螨防治效果较好,速效性好,持效期在28天左右。通过以上试验证明10.8%阿维菌素?苯丁锡悬浮剂可以在生产上大量推广使用。 相似文献
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为了提高诱杀剂对柑橘大实蝇的诱杀能力，本研究以柑橘大实蝇Bactrocera minax（Enderlein）成虫为供试对象，通过Y型嗅觉仪试验，利用均匀设计（Uniform Design，UD)和支持向量回归(Support Vector Regression，SVR)对优化配方的柑橘大实蝇成虫诱杀剂进行了筛选与研究。经过两轮室内筛选优化，柑橘大实蝇成虫诱杀剂对柑橘大实蝇雌虫的引诱效率由之前的50%提高到了76.7%，提高了26.7%,优化效果明显。通过单因子效应分析发现，引诱成分中，柠檬烯、柠檬酸、乙酸对柑橘大实蝇雌虫的引诱有更加重要的作用。其单位配方（按100mL水溶剂算），最适的量分别为1.5 mL，1.0 g，1.0 mL。 相似文献
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摘要：对黔南州都匀市柑桔园实蝇系统监测表明：柑桔园实蝇优势种群为柑桔大实蝇和柑桔小实蝇,柑桔大实蝇成虫发生量占实蝇总发生量68.41%,发生时段为5月中旬至9月上旬,发生动态呈单峰型,最高峰值出现在6月7日;柑桔小实蝇成虫发生量占实蝇总发生量28.79%,发生时段为5月中旬至10月下旬,发生动态呈双峰型,第一个高峰值出现在9月2日,第二个高峰值出现在9月23日。 相似文献
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摘 要：柑橘大实蝇是我国柑橘产区主要虫害之一,使柑橘生产损失巨大。由于其卵、幼虫、蛹具有隐蔽为害的特点,成虫期的诱杀防控成为该虫预测预报和防治的重要手段之一,应用广泛。本文从诱杀剂筛选（食物引诱剂、信息素引诱剂和杀虫剂）和诱杀方式（诱器法和点喷法）两个方面综述了国内外最新研究成果,旨在为柑橘大实蝇诱杀剂筛选、诱杀方式改进以及成虫预测预报和防治方面提供理论参考。 相似文献
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为提高实蝇粘虫板对桔小实蝇的诱杀效果,减少对天敌的诱杀,为科学悬挂实蝇粘虫板提供参考依据。采用4种悬挂方式,分别为悬挂于树冠中部胶面与地面垂直、悬挂于树冠中下部胶面朝下、悬挂于树冠中下部胶面朝上、悬挂于树冠上部胶面朝上,调查实蝇粘虫板上桔小实蝇、其它害虫和天敌的种类和数量。结果表明,4种悬挂处理的实蝇粘虫板共诱杀到20个昆虫种或类群,其中悬挂于树冠中部胶面与地面垂直的实蝇粘虫板诱杀昆虫种类、多样性指数最高,而悬挂于树冠中下部胶面朝上的实蝇粘虫板的益害比最高;悬挂于树冠中部胶面与地面垂直、树冠中下部胶面朝下的实蝇粘虫板对桔小实蝇的诱杀数量显著高于其它2种悬挂方式的实蝇粘虫板（p<0.05）;悬挂于树冠中下部胶面朝上和树冠上部胶面朝上的实蝇粘虫板均对食蚜蝇具有较强的诱杀作用。因此,采用树冠中部胶面与地面垂直、树冠中下部胶面朝下的悬挂方式均可以作为田间应用实蝇粘虫板的方法;但采用树冠中下部与地面平行朝下的悬挂方式更有利于天敌的保护。 相似文献
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Within the European Union, academic professions themselves are expected to reach a comparable level of professionalism, a fact that veterinary medicine as well should not ignore. At present, a working group is developing a concept of a teaching module for the Socrates programme "Education in Veterinary Public Health (VPH)", enabling the students by "case studies" to be induced to an integrated approach of tackling problems. In an attempt to demonstrate the didactic procedure, a study of ostrich meat as food for human consumption is presented as a concrete example. In the detailed teacher's guide, informations are given about ostrich husbandry, slaughter procedure and meat inspection, as well as detailed explanations how the health of human consumer can be safeguarded by the introduction of the HACCP system. 相似文献
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Wangworn SANKAMETHAWEE Andrew J. PIERCE George A. GALE Britta Denise HARDESTY 《Integrative zoology》2011,6(3):195-212
Fleshy‐fruited plants in tropical forests largely rely on vertebrate frugivores to disperse their seeds. Although this plant–animal interaction is typically considered a diffuse mutualism, it is fundamental as it provides the template on which tropical forest communities are structured. We applied a mutualistic network approach to investigate the relationship between small‐fruited fleshy plant species and the fruit‐eating bird community in an intact evergreen forest in northeast Thailand. A minimum of 53 bird species consumed fruits of 136 plant species. Plant‐avian frugivore networks were highly asymmetrical, with observed networks filling 30% of all potential links. Whereas some of the missing links in the present study might be due to undersampling, forbidden links can be attributed to size constraints, accessibility and phenological uncoupling, and although the majority of missing links were unknown (58.2%), many were probably due to a given bird species being either rare or only a very occasional fruit eater. The most common frugivores were bulbuls, barbets and fairy‐bluebirds, which were responsible for the majority of fruit removal from small fleshy fruited species in our system. Migratory birds seemed to be a minor component of the plant‐frugivore networks, accounting for only 3% of feeding visits to fruiting trees; they filled 2% of the overall potential networks. The majority of interactions were generalized unspecific; however, Saurauia roxburghii Wall. appeared to be dependent on flowerpeckers for dispersal, while Thick‐billed Pigeons were only seen to eat figs. 相似文献
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Copper is an important ingredient in fungicides, which are used for many economic plants. However, there is concern about the side‐effects of copper‐based fungicides due to their potential to affect beneficial mites. The purpose of the present paper was to investigate the effects of copper on the development of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. It was found that higher doses of copper significantly prolonged the developmental time of the fruit flies, especially during the larval stages. When 320 mg L‐1 copper‐contaminated food was used, most of the larvae died when they were small and before the pupal stage. The protein contents and esterase isozymes extracted from the larvae changed according to the doses of copper. The small‐molecular‐weight protein bands gradually became weaker or were lost as the copper levels increased. However, low doses of copper stimulated a stronger expression of a few proteins. These results indicate that low doses of copper generally have no lethal effects on D. melanogaster because a specific group of genes, which encode specific proteins, are probably activated in order to withstand the onslaught of stressful conditions. At high doses of copper in food (e.g. 320 mg L‐1), fly development and viability are significantly affected. 相似文献
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为了建立一种快速检测食品中单增李斯特菌的方法,试验设计了Listeriolysin O、23SrRNA和hly、iap四对引物分别做双重PCR引物,并与免疫磁珠法分离LMO相结合对LMO进行快速鉴定。结果显示,这四对引物分别扩增条带为700bp,240bp,308bp,505bp,可分辨不同种属的李斯特菌和其它不同菌株。建立的IMS-PCR方法最低检测限可达到1CFU/25g（mL）食品,通过检测食品样本188份,结果与常规检测方法所得的结果一致率为100%。所以,建立的IMS-PCR方法具有极好的特异性、敏感性和稳定性,在24h内可得到准确的检测结果,具有广阔的发展和市场应用前景。 相似文献
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苏云金芽孢杆菌YJ-2000菌株对家蚕安全性和杀虫活性的评价 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
应用时间-剂量-死亡率模型就苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)YJ-2000菌株对6种鳞翅目昆虫的杀虫活性作了初步评价。该菌株对家蚕基本无毒性,而对蔬菜害虫小菜蛾、菜粉蝶,水稻害虫三化螟、二化螟,桑树害虫桑螟幼虫均有不同程度的毒性,其中对小菜蛾和菜粉蝶的毒性最强;幼虫死亡率可高达100％。该菌株是对家蚕安全而对其它鳞翅目害虫具杀虫活性的特异性菌株,有望用于养蚕地区桑园及其邻近作物的鳞翅目害虫防治。 相似文献
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S. D. White 《Equine Veterinary Education》2015,27(3):156-166
Pruritus is a common complaint in equine medicine. While pruritus in most horses is due to ectoparasites (midges, flies, mites) or environmental allergens (pollens, barn dust, moulds, etc.), other causes such as staphylococcal or fungal infections, vasculitis, and internal organ dysfunction should not be overlooked. In a rational approach to the pruritic horse, history and physical examination become very important as a guide to choosing diagnostic tests. 相似文献
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‘巴劳奈’无花果自2016年引入我国进行试栽,试栽表现为果形大,可溶性固形物最高可达25%,产量高且稳定,单株产量可达15~30 kg,是优良的鲜食加工兼用品种。湖南地区目前无花果主栽品种是‘波姬红’和‘布兰瑞克’,现为了扩大湖南地区无花果产业,以湖南省宁乡7月成熟度在60%-80%的‘巴劳奈’夏果为样本,进行引种表现分析,结果表明湖南地区的‘巴劳奈’无花果果形中等,但该品种可溶性固形物在18%以上,含有较高的维生素C和蛋白质,且在湖南地区‘芭劳奈’鲜食果及其加工品价格较‘波姬红’、‘布兰瑞克’等品种高,故可根据本文以湖南省宁乡为基准总结的栽培技术在与该地气候土壤相近的其它中部地区推广栽培。 相似文献