共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 250 毫秒
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山楂对鸭胰腺分泌的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
随中西医结合研究的不断深入 ,关于脾胃学说中的脾的功能 ,众说纷纭 ,李聪甫等指出“中医对脾脏的生理功能认为是助胃消化的”。而帮助消化的主要应为胰腺[1] 。因此胰腺在脾胃学说中的作用越来越受到重视。健脾消食中药山楂具健脾开胃 ,消食化积之作用 ,其对胰腺外分泌的作用却未见报道 ,为此 ,我们以鸭为试验动物 ,选择胰液分泌的 7个指标全面观测其对胰液分泌的影响。1 材料与方法1 .1 试验材料1 .1 .1 试验动物 购自中国农业科学院畜牧所北京鸭 3 0只 ,体重为 1 .5kg左右 ,按王贤等报道的鸭第一胰管胰肠瘘管法进行胰肠瘘管手术 [2 ]… 相似文献
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《饲料工业》2019,(16):1-10
反刍动物消化系统在结构上与单胃动物不同,对营养物质的消化存在差异。营养物质在瘤胃内被微生物降解利用,产生的挥发性脂肪酸被瘤胃壁吸收供能;菌体蛋白与未降解的饲料流入小肠,由胰腺分泌的消化酶消化成小分子物质,如葡萄糖、氨基酸等被小肠上皮直接吸收利用。理论上小肠内淀粉类营养物质化学性消化利用效率远高于瘤胃,但淀粉小肠内的消化受到胰腺淀粉酶分泌不足的限制,因此调控营养物质在小肠内的化学性消化对于高产奶牛更加迫切。本课题组从胰腺外分泌功能的调控入手,研究反刍动物小肠营养物质的化学性消化的调控,尤其是日粮碳水化合物结构及功能性氨基酸的调控作用。基于此,本文综述反刍动物胰腺的生理结构、对碳水化合物的消化、外分泌的影响因素及其调控机理,旨在为提高反刍动物营养物质的消化利用效率、减少饲料资源的浪费提供理论依据。 相似文献
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犬胰腺炎的诊断与治疗1例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国工作犬业》2017,(6)
<正>犬胰腺形状如倒置的V型,与胃大弯、十二指肠和升结肠、横结肠邻近。胰腺是犬体内第二大腺体,由外分泌部和内分泌部两部分构成。外分泌部是重要的消化腺,分泌胰液,内含胰淀粉酶、胰脂肪酶和胰蛋白酶等多种消化酶,对食物有重要的消化作用。内分泌部分泌胰岛素,参与调节体内糖代谢。犬胰腺炎是胰酶在胰腺内被激活后引起胰腺组织自身被消化、水肿、出血甚至坏死的炎性化学性反应,为4岁以上成年犬多发的一种消化系统疾 相似文献
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山楂、党参对鸭胰腺外分泌的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
以北京鸭为试验动物,以手术的方法做胰-肠瘘管接取胰液。在生理条件下,分别测定北京鸭胰液总量、pH值、HCO-3、蛋白含量、淀粉酶活性、脂肪酶活性、蛋白酶活性等指标的昼夜变化规律。并观测了中药山楂(FructusCrataegi)、党参(RadixCodonopsispicosulae)在生理和阿托品阻断M受体的条件下对鸭胰液分泌的影响。结果表明:(1)在生理条件下,胰液7个指标的昼夜分泌规律各异。(2)在生理条件下,山楂可显著增加胰液分泌总量(P<0.05),并极显著地提高淀粉酶活性(P<0.01)。党参极显著地升高胰液的蛋白含量(P<0.01),显著地提高淀粉酶活性、脂肪酶活性(P<0.05)。提示山楂、党参的健脾消食作用是通过促进胰液外分泌来实现的。(3)用阿托品阻断M受体后,再用山楂,可显著增加胰液总量、蛋白含量、淀粉酶活性(P<0.05);用党参可显著升高胰液蛋白含量、淀粉酶活性,抑制脂肪酶、蛋白酶活性(P<0.05)。说明山楂、党参均可拮抗阿托品对胰液分泌的抑制作用。 相似文献
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两例犬急性胰腺炎的临床诊治的讨论 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国畜牧兽医文摘》2016,(12)
犬胰腺炎是临床上的一种常见病,常发病。尤其是急性胰腺炎居多,各种年龄段的犬都可以发病,胰腺是犬体内除肝脏外第二大消化腺,包括外分泌功能和内分泌功能,外分泌功能主要是分泌胰酶,消化蛋白质、脂肪等,内分泌主要成分是胰岛素和胰高血糖素,调节血糖。我们临床上胰腺的疾病主要是外分泌功能的病变。 相似文献
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动物生长是个复杂的代谢过程,受基因、激素、营养、环境等多方面的影响,这些因素直接或间接作用内分泌系统而实现对生长的影响。生长激素（GH）是由脑垂体分泌的激素,主要作用是促进RNA的合成,使器官得到生长和发育。动物的生长是由下丘脑一垂体一生长激素调节系统来调节。下丘脑分泌的生长激素释放因子（GRF）和生长素抑制激素（SS）属于高位调节因子,他们可以调节动物体内激素的整体水平, 相似文献
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《动物营养（英文）》2021,7(4):1145-1151
The unique structure of the stomach, including the rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum, indicates the differences between the ruminant and monogastric animals in the digestion of nutrients. This difference is reflected in the majority of dietary nutrients that may be fermented in the rumen. Significant proteins and a certain amount of starch can flow to the small intestine apart from rumen. The initial phase of small intestinal digestion requires pancreatic digestive enzymes. In theory, the enzymatic digestion and utilization efficiency of starch in the small intestine are considerably higher than that in the rumen, but the starch digestibility in the small intestine is quite low in ruminants. Therefore, improving the digestion of nutrients, especially starch in the small intestine is more urgent for high-yield ruminants. Although the pancreas plays a central role in nutrient digestion, the progress of research investigating pancreatic exocrine regulation in the ruminant is slow due to some factors, such as the complex structure of the pancreas, the selection of experimental model and duration, and internal (hormones or ages) and external (diet) influences. The present review is based on the research findings of pancreatic exocrine regulation of dairy animals and expounded from the physiological structure of the ruminant pancreas, the factors affecting the digestion and exocrine processing of carbohydrates, and the regulatory mechanism governing this process. The review aims to better understand the characteristics of enzymatic digestion, thereby advancing pancreatic exocrine research and improving the digestion and utilization of nutrients in ruminants. Additionally, this review provides the theoretical basis for improving nutrient utilization efficiency, reducing wastage of feed resources, and promoting the efficient development of the dairy industry. 相似文献
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Relations between body weight, feed intake, daily weight gain, and exocrine pancreatic secretion in chronically catheterized growing pigs 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The aim of this investigation was to develop models that would make it possible to correct exocrine pancreatic secretion data for the effect of BW and feed intake in growing pigs. In addition, the significance of exocrine pancreatic secretion for daily weight gain (DWG) was studied. Data were used from 10 pigs (16 to 32 kg BW) surgically fitted with chronic pancreatic catheters. The samples were collected under controlled conditions for two to five experimental days per animal (a total of 39 observations), during 2 h preprandially and during 2 h when feeding (postprandially). The exocrine pancreatic secretion traits included the hourly output of volume, the amount of protein, and trypsin and amylase activities. Multiple linear regressions were used to develop models to describe exocrine pancreatic secretion. The individual pig was the most important source of variation in the model. With increasing BW, 7 out of 10 pigs showed an increase in exocrine pancreatic secretion. However, the slopes of the regression lines differed between animals, which made it impossible to develop general models for the correction of secretion data for the effect of BW. Postprandial exocrine pancreatic secretion was always higher than preprandial secretion, but the amount of feed intake per se did not seem to affect secretion. Exocrine pancreatic secretion and DWG were positively correlated. We concluded that, under the present circumstances, expressing secretion per kilogram BW or kilogram feed intake was not feasible. Expressing secretion per hour was the best way to present the data. 相似文献
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van den Borne JJ Weström BR Kruszewska D Botermans JA Svendsen J Woliński J Pierzynowski SG 《Journal of animal science》2007,85(2):404-412
The objective of this study was to quantify and compare the effects of sow's milk and 2 milk replacer diets (containing clotting or non-clotting protein sources) on exocrine pancreatic secretion, plasma cholecystokinin, and immunoreactive cationic trypsin in pigs. In addition, the relationship between exocrine pancreatic secretion and growth in milk-fed pigs was studied. In a changeover experiment, 9 chronically catheterized pigs of 6.6 +/- 0.19 kg of BW were studied for 3 wk. Pigs were assigned to each of 3 diets. Exocrine pancreatic secretion was measured from the third to the seventh day on each diet. The protein content and trypsin activity of the pancreatic juice were measured. Blood samples were taken at 10 min before and after milk ingestion and were analyzed for cholecystokinin and immunoreactive cationic trypsin. Pancreatic protein and trypsin secretion did not differ between pigs fed sow's milk and those fed milk replacer, but the volume secreted was less for the pigs fed sow's milk (0.75 vs. 1.03 mL x kg(-1) x h(-1); P < 0.01). A postprandial response to milk intake was not observed. The 2 milk replacer diets did not affect exocrine pancreatic secretion differently. The average exocrine pancreatic secretion (volume, 0.94 mL x kg(-1) x h(-1); protein, 4.28 mg x kg(-1) x h(-1); trypsin, 1.65 U x kg(-1) x h(-1)) was intermediate between literature values for suckling and weaned pigs. Plasma cholecystokinin was elevated (approximately 18 pmol x L(-1)) and showed low correlations with the pancreatic secretion traits. Plasma immunoreactive cationic trypsin was not significantly related to any of the pancreatic secretion traits and should therefore not be used as an indicator for exocrine pancreatic function in milk-fed pigs. Exocrine pancreatic secretion varied substantially among individual pigs (protein, 0.22 to 13.98 mg x kg(-1) x h(-1)). Pancreatic protein and trypsin secretion showed a positive, nonlinear relationship with performance traits. It was concluded that neither specific sow's milk ingredients nor the protein source are responsible for a low pancreatic protein secretion in suckling pigs. Exocrine pancreatic secretion was positively correlated with ADG in pigs at an identical milk intake. 相似文献
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S.G. Pierzynowski V. Sileikiene J.L. Valverde Piedra S. Szymanczyk P.C. Gregory D. Kruszewska R. Mosenthin A. Rzasa S. Kowalik R. Zabielski B. Westrm 《Livestock Science》2007,108(1-3):53
The mechanisms involved in the down regulation of the exocrine pancreas are still not fully elucidated. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of duodenal and ileal exposure to pancreatic enzymes and bile on pancreatic secretion. Experiments were performed with pigs fitted with pancreatic duct, ileal and jugular vein catheters, and duodenal T-shaped cannula. A negative feedback regulation of pancreatic secretion was found for both duodenal and ileal delivery of pancreatic juice. Pancreatic secretion was unaffected by duodenal delivery of bile and bile salts, while ileal delivery of bile and bile salts lowered it. On the other hand, pancreatic secretion was increased by duodenal loading of commercial non- or activated pancreatic enzyme preparations, thus probably recognised as dietary protein. Plasma cholecystokinin (CCK) level was lowered only by duodenal delivery of pancreatic juice. In conclusion, the results prove the existence of negative feedback mechanism regulating pancreatic secretion dependent on the presence of pure pancreatic juice or bile at the ileal level. The mechanism at the duodenal level is exclusively sensitive to pure pancreatic juice. 相似文献
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骨骼肌生长发育过程及调控研究现状 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
骨骼肌是哺乳动物最大的组织,其功能或再生特性的丧失会导致生长发育不良及肌肉骨骼疾病。骨骼肌有600多块单独的肌肉,起支撑和运动的作用。骨骼肌可以被机体自主控制,这也是其不同于平滑肌和心肌的一个特点。农业动物的骨骼肌是肉产品的主要来源,为人类提供优质的动物蛋白和营养物质。影响生长发育的因素众多,肌肉的生长和发育决定着肉的产量和品质,是农业动物生产中极其重要的经济性状。骨骼肌的生长、发育调控涉及众多基因及其相关通路的激活或沉默,是一个极其复杂的多层次调控网络。作者综述了骨骼肌的结构、组成和生长发育过程,介绍了包括生长因子和细胞因子等在内的多种调节因子对肌肉发育的调控作用,并结合现有研究结果预测到未来发展方向将是重要候选基因的体外和体内试验验证,最终转化到实际生产应用中,为骨骼肌生长发育的分子调控机制研究和肌肉遗传疾病的治疗提供理论基础和参考依据。 相似文献
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S Jakob R Mosenthin M J Thaela B R Westr?m J F Rehfeld O Olsen S Karlsson B Ahrén A Ohlsson B W Karlsson S G Pierzynowski 《Archives of Animal Nutrition》2000,53(3):273-291
The effect of a potato fibre preparation on exocrine pancreatic secretions and on gastrointestinal hormone levels in plasma was studied in three 8 weeks old piglets that were surgically fitted with a jugular vein catheter for blood sampling, a pancreatic duct catheter and a T-shaped duodenal cannula for collection of pancreatic juice. The animals were fed for 2 weeks a control diet (experimental period 1), thereafter for 2 weeks the control diet supplemented with 2% potato fibre (experimental period 2) and for another 2 weeks the control diet again (experimental period 3). Additionally, intraduodenal (i.d.) infusions of the experimental diet, the control diet and potato fibre as well as i.v. infusions of a solution containing cholecystokinin (CCK) and secretin were administered. Potato fibre in the diet evoked in tendency an increase in the volume of secretion of pancreatic juice and a significant increase both in the mean values of the total protein content and total activities of lipase, trypsin and alpha-amylase when compared to the control diet. The i.d. infusion of the control diet, experimental diet and fibre infusate as well as the i.v. administration of the hormone infusate led to a spontaneous secretory response of the exocrine pancreas. Besides gastrointestinal hormones, such as CCK, other factors such as short chain fatty acids may be involved in the regulation of the exocrine pancreas. 相似文献
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J. A. M. Botermans M. S. Hedemann M. S. rhede‐Winzell CH. Erlanson‐Albertsson J. Svendsen L. Evilevitch S. G. Pierzynowski 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2000,83(1)
The effect of night feeding and feeding frequency on exocrine pancreatic secretion was studied in five chronically catherized growing pigs (16 to 31 kg). Feeding during the night (2200 to 2400 h) as compared to the day (1000 to 1200 h) tended to stimulate cholesterol ester lipase activity and tended to lower the colipase : lipase ratio in the pancreatic juice, but no effect on volume output, protein output and the activities of trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase, lipase and colipase could be demonstrated. Feeding 12 small meals between 0800 and 2000 h as compared to one large meal (1000 to 1200 h) daily, altered the pattern of exocrine pancreatic secretion, tended to stimulate protein output by 44 %, chymotrypsin activity by 29 % and lipase activity by 46 %. These observations strengthened the theory that exocrine pancreatic secretion is partly regulated by feed intake per se and does not only depend on the amount of feed consumed. Feeding 12 small meals versus one large meal, compared at the same total daily feed intake, lowered the colipase : lipase ratio by 32 %. It can be concluded that feed intake pattern affected exocrine pancreatic secretion. 相似文献
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Studies on nutrient digestibilities (pre-caecal and total) in pancreatic duct-ligated pigs and the effects of enzyme substitution 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
R. Tabeling P. Gregory J. Kamphues 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》1999,82(5):251-263
Introduction Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency causes digestive disturbances in humans and animals. However, although clinical symptoms of pancreatic insufficiency, e.g. steatorrhoea, only occurs after loss of 80–90% normal pancreatic secretory capacity (D i M agno et al. 1973), pancreatic enzyme supplementation does not always result in normalization of digestion (especially of fat), even with high doses of enzymes (L& ouml ; ser and F& ouml ; lsch 1995). In order to better understand the physiological and the pathological consequences of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in humans as well as its therapy with enzyme substitution, studies have been made using an animal model of induced pancreatic exocrine insufficiency. Hither to, studies concerning pancreatic duct ligation and/or the influence of enzyme substitution have mainly been focused on estimation of enzyme activities in chyme (e.g. A bello et al. 1989) and/or on faecal analyses of total digestibility (e.g. I mmondi et al. 1972). To get more information on effects of enzymes (natural or substituted) it seems necessary to investigate the site and extent of digestion more intensively (S udendey 1995). Therefore a pig model of induced pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, via pancreatic duct ligation, was chosen and pre-caecal digestibility was measured by means of an ileo-caecal re-entrant fistula. Studies on the digestibility of a high fat diet were made, since cystic fibrosis patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency are recommended to take in high amounts of energy to avoid catabolic metabolism and nowadays these high energy diets comprise increasing proportions of fat (D urie and P encharz 1989; S hepherd et al. 1991). The following aspects were investigated in controls and pancreatic duct-ligated pigs that were fed a high fat diet: changes in the composition of ileal chyme and faeces; effects on nutrient digestibility (pre-caecal and total); efficacy of enzyme substitution in total exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. 相似文献
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胰高血糖素样肽-I(GLP-1)是一种近年发现的胃肠激素,具有促进动物胰岛素分泌,刺激生长抑素释放,抑制胃酸产生与延长胃排空等生理功能。本文主要就GLP-1的生物学特性、生理调节功能及其应用前景作一阐述。 相似文献