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1.
The medical records from 95 cases of coxofemoral luxation in dogs and cats were reviewed. Unilateral craniodorsal luxation was most common, (78.1% of dogs, 72.7% of cats). Trauma from being struck by an automobile was the most frequent cause (59.0%). Treatment was closed (manual) or open (surgical) reduction. The failure rate following single closed reduction was 64.8%. The surgical reduction procedure included capsular repair (capsulorrhaphy) via a craniolateral approach to the hip or via trochanteric osteotomy or gluteal tenotomy. The success rate following reduction via the craniolateral approach was 82%; no failure was recorded with trochanteric transposition, but reluxa-tion followed the single gluteal tenotomy. The Ehmer sling was the most common external fixation and was kept in place an average of 12.5 days. Thirty-three animals were available for follow-up, and no difference was recorded in limb function between the two groups of animals treated by closed vs surgical reduction. Patients with degenerative joint disease at the time of luxation were less likely to be successfully reduced; 64.3% of these animals were eventually treated by femoral head and neck excision. Thirty-eight patients had associated major injuries. Long-term follow-up results were better in those patients with concomitant orthopedic injuries than in those without other injuries.  相似文献   

2.
A modified intramedullary pin technique for surgical repair of distal femoral physeal fractures in dogs and cats provided stability at the fracture site and allowed early range of motion. The fixation and stability of this technique was compared with that achieved with a multiple pin technique. Fixation failure did not occur in 11 animals treated by the modified intramedullary pin technique, whereas there were 2 failures in 13 patients treated by a multiple pin technique.  相似文献   

3.
OBJECTIVE: To document signalment, clinical signs, and long-term outcome of surgical treatment for femoral capital physeal fractures in cattle. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. Animals-Twelve cattle with femoral capital physeal fractures. METHODS: Cases were identified by a search of radiographic records. Historical, diagnostic, surgical, and outcome data were collected from the medical records. Owners were contacted for follow-up information by telephone. RESULTS: Fractures were repaired by screws inserted in lag fashion in 4 animals and by use of multiple intramedullary pins in 8 animals. Six of 12 animals required repeat surgery to reposition screws or pins. Nine animals were considered successfully treated at discharge. Six months after surgery, 6 of 11 animals for which follow-up was obtained were still sound. At 12 months, 4 of 4 animals alive were still sound. Animals that bore weight earliest postoperatively were more likely to have a successful outcome. Animals <12 months of age had better outcomes than animals >12 months of age. CONCLUSIONS: Prognosis for serviceable soundness is good in cattle <12 months of age and fair in animals >12 months of age after surgical repair of femoral capital physeal fracture by stacking intramedullary pins or by screws inserted in lag fashion. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Surgical repair of femoral capital physeal fracture is most successful in younger cattle and can result in productive animals.  相似文献   

4.
Femoral head ostectomy was performed in six horses, three ponies, and four cattle for treatment of fractures of the femoral capital physis, coxofemoral luxation, fractured acetabulum, or severe degenerative joint disease. The procedures were performed via a cranial approach that did not involve osteotomy of the greater trochanter. A dorsal approach for femoral head ostectomy via osteotomy of the greater trochanter was evaluated in three healthy adult ponies. Three animals (2 ponies, 1 calf) were euthanatized within a month and one horse was euthanatized at year 2 due to postoperative complications. Nine animals were discharged to owners and six of them fulfilled their intended functions of breeding, milking, and being kept as companions. One horse was lost to follow-up and two horses died of causes unrelated to the surgery. All surviving animals had a residual lameness that was described by owners as mild to moderate. None of the horses were used as riding animals. The mean age and weight of 10 animals that regained weight-bearing locomotion was 3.1 months and 84 kg; for three unsuccessful cases it was 34 months and 174 kg. We concluded that femoral head ostectomy was a viable salvage procedure for large animals with capital femoral physeal fracture, chronic coxofemoral luxation, or acetabular fracture. Surgical prognosis appeared to be favorable in young cattle and fair in young horses or ponies weighing less than 100 kg. Osteotomy of the greater trochanter resulted in superior exposure of the intact coxofemoral joint and allowed easier, less traumatic surgical luxation of the joint to facilitate femoral head ostectomy.  相似文献   

5.
OBJECTIVE: To determine treatment and outcome of a series of wapiti (elk) with fractures of the limbs. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 22 wapiti. PROCEDURE: Medical records were reviewed to determine affected limb and bone, fracture configuration, method of treatment, outcome, and complications. RESULTS: 2 animals had fractures of the humerus; 8 had fractures of the radius, ulna, or both; 5 had fractures of the third metacarpal bone; 3 had fractures of the tibia; 2 had fractures of the femur; and 2 had fractures of the tarsal bones. Most fractures (n = 11) were closed, displaced, nonarticular fractures; 6 fractures were open. Four animals died or were euthanatized prior to fracture treatment, 2 were not treated because fractures had already healed, and 14 underwent fracture repair. In the remaining 2 animals, the affected limb was amputated. Five animals developed nonfatal complications (wound dehiscence, osteomyelitis [2 animals], delayed union, and malunion) and 2 developed fatal complications (gastrocnemius rupture and femoral fracture during recovery). Overall, 16 animals were discharged from the hospital, and all were doing well at follow-up, 2 months to 4 years after discharge. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: In wapiti, limb fractures can be successfully treated by means of internal or external fixation. The high rate of fracture healing, even among wapiti with open fractures, should encourage veterinarians to repair limb fractures in wapiti.  相似文献   

6.
The medical records of 171 dogs with traumatic hip luxations were examined. German shepherds, mixed breeds, and poodles were significantly overrepresented. The mean age of the patients at the time of diagnosis was 4.4 years (range 5 months to 14 years). Vehicular trauma caused 83% of the 133 luxations where the etiology was known; 53% had at least one other diagnosed traumatic injury. Long-term results were obtained from owner questionnaires (25 dogs) or clinical and radiographic examinations (11 hip joints). The short-term recurrence rate after closed reduction (47.3%) was higher than that after surgical reduction using any of the three surgical techniques most frequently used here (9.5, 12.5, and 14.3%), even when the operation was performed after failure of a closed reduction (11.8%). Excluding dogs that had a femoral head ostectomy, 68% (17 of 25) of the dogs had a normal gait, 16% had only a mild lameness, and 16% had more severe lameness when evaluated on an average of 31 months after repair. Of 11 hip joints radiographed on an average of 25 months following repair, five had no radio-graphic abnormalities related to the luxation and six showed one or more of the following: periosteal new bone formation, femoral head subluxation, partial resorption of the femoral head, periarticular osteophytes, and subchondral bone erosion. Closed reduction should be the initial treatment of choice in uncomplicated luxations even though the rate of reluxation is high, because it avoids the need for surgery in approximately one half of affected dogs and does not increase the recurrence rate following subsequent surgical reduction.  相似文献   

7.
OBJECTIVE: To describe treatment and outcome of humerus fractures in llamas and alpacas. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: Llamas (n=4) and alpacas (3) with humerus fracture. METHODS: Medical records (January 1, 1998-August 1, 2004) were reviewed for small camelids with a humeral fracture. Retrieved data were signalment, history, physical examination and radiographic findings, surgical and medical treatment, and outcome. RESULTS: Humeral fracture occurred in 7 of 38 (18%) camelids admitted with fractures. Affected animals were aged from 1 month to 3 years old. Fracture configuration included long-oblique (n=4), short-oblique (2), and Salter-Harris Type II fracture of the proximal physis (1). One adult llama was managed by stall confinement and surgical repair was attempted in the other camelids: fixation by screws inserted in lag fashion (n=3), intramedullary pinning and fixation by screws inserted in lag fashion (1), rush pinning (1), and bone plating (1). A Velpeau sling was used for additional support in 3 animals. All fractures healed but temporary radial nerve paresis occurred in 3 animals. Limb shortening and permanent lameness occurred in the llama managed conservatively. CONCLUSIONS: Humerus fractures in small camelids are amenable to surgical repair which may offer better long-term outcome than medical treatment alone. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Surgical treatment of humerus fractures should have a good prognosis in llamas and alpacas. In select cases, minimally invasive techniques, such as rush pinning or fixation by screws inserted in lag fashion are sufficient for fracture healing.  相似文献   

8.
A mixed population of 11 cattle (7 dairy, 4 beef; 9 male, 2 female) were examined because of acute onset of non-weightbearing hind limb lameness. Radiography revealed slipped capital femoral epiphyseal fracture in all cattle, with the exception of one large bull. Ten of the 11 cattle were treated with open reduction and internal fixation, using intramedullary pins. Cattle affected with slipped capital femoral epiphyseal fracture in previous reports typically have been calves that required forced extraction during dystocia. Cattle in this report were in the following 2 age groups in which trauma was the likely cause: 3 to 5 months and 1.5 to 2.3 years. Follow-up information was provided for 7 of the 10 cattle. Four of the 7 were functional and had no clinical signs of arthritis, abnormal gait, atrophy, scarring, contralateral compensation, breakdown, or other difficulty 6 months after surgical correction. If early diagnosis is achieved, it appears that reduction with intramedullary pinning can provide a good long-term prognosis in cattle when function as breeding animals is important to their future value.  相似文献   

9.
Three cats and 1 dog with fracture of the mandibular condyloid process and concomitant fracture(s) of the rostral portion of the mandible were treated successfully by wire fixation of the rostral mandibular fracture(s) and by conservative management of the mandibular condylar fracture. All animals regained satisfactory dental occlusion and normal, pain-free motion of the jaw. Fracture of the mandibular condyloid process is an infrequently diagnosed injury that usually occurs with other mandibular fractures. If satisfactory dental occlusion can be achieved by surgical stabilization of the noncondylar fractures, surgical repair of the mandibular condyloid fracture may not be necessary.  相似文献   

10.
A quick surgical approach for internal reduction and fixation of femoral head and neck fractures is described. The results and reasons for preferring this technique to femoral head and neck excision are discussed.  相似文献   

11.
A subtrochanteric femoral fracture in a 5-month-old Doberman Pinscher was repaired by use of a 5-hole, 3.5-mm, double-hook plate. The double-hook plate afforded rigid 3-point fixation of the short proximal metaphyseal segment without impingement of the proximal femoral physis and allowed compression of the fracture fragments by placement of an interfragmentary screw through its pendulum hole. The fracture healed without complications, and the dog had a rapid return to function. Although designed for use in performing femoral osteotomies in dogs afflicted with hip dysplasia, the double-hook plate can be used to repair fractures with short proximal or distal segments.  相似文献   

12.
犬猫单纯的股骨头颈部骨折临床上较少,其发病原因是骨盆或股骨受到直接或间接的外力导致,也常继发于髋关节发育不良导致的骨质疏松,轻微的外力就可造成动物的股骨头颈部骨折。介绍了猫股骨头颈部骨折的临床症状、诊断及治疗过程,以供参考。  相似文献   

13.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate anatomic reduction and surgical stabilization of femoral capital physeal fractures in cats. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 13 cats. PROCEDURE: Medical records of cats with unilateral or bilateral femoral capital physeal fractures evaluated from 1998 to 2002 were reviewed. Age and weight of cats at the time of surgery; breed; sex; concurrent injuries; severity of lameness before and 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after surgery; the amount of fracture reduction achieved and number of Kirschner wires (K-wires) used; degree of degenerative joint disease of the hip joint and lysis of the femoral neck and head observed after surgery; whether K-wires were removed after surgery; and complications after surgery were evaluated. RESULTS: Thirteen cats with 16 capital physeal fractures were identified. There was significant improvement in the severity of clinical lameness in all cats from weeks 1 through 4 after surgery. There was no correlation between the scores of the individuals who evaluated radiographs for fracture reduction and placement of K-wires. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggested that surgical stabilization and repair of femoral capital physeal fractures facilitate a short recovery period and a good prognosis for return to normal function in cats.  相似文献   

14.
External fixation of the vertebral column is indicated to treat fractures of the caudal lumbar spine, open fractures where vertebral osteomyelitis is present or likely to occur, and vertebral fractures not easily stabilized by internal fixation alone (e.g., compression fractures, fractures including spinous processes, and articular facets). Advantages of external fixation of caudal lumbar fractures, especially in combination with dorsal fixation devices, include the following: Fracture fixation does not preclude dorsal decompression; fixation devices need not be applied directly to the fractured vertebrae; and the combined technique provides dorsal and ventral vertebral fixation, which is more stable than dorsal fixation alone. Although external fixation is not applicable to all vertebral fracture/luxations in small animals, it provides additional points of fixation for rigid stability. Animals with vertebral fracture/luxations treated with an external fixation device have tolerated the external portion well. Development of additional applications for this method of vertebral fracture repair seems warranted.  相似文献   

15.
Complications associated with femoral capital physeal (CP) fractures in 34 dogs were evaluated. Fractures were surgically repaired, using divergent K-wires or lag screws; radiographic follow-up was available for 21 CP fractures. In all cases, radiographic abnormalities such as degenerative joint disease and resorption of the femoral neck and/or head were seen. Changes were more severe when fracture occurred at an early age. For 4 of 21 dogs (20%), femoral head and neck excision was performed because of complications associated with CP fracture repair. Prognosis for femoral CP fractures is guarded, although affected dogs should be able to function as pets.  相似文献   

16.
Methods of treating fractures of the olecranon in the horse are reviewed. A further 4 cases are recorded in which the fracture was treated by open reduction and fixation with a heavy duty Venable's plate placed on the caudal aspect of the ulna. Three cases had an oblique fracture through the semilunar notch; this was complicated in one by a fracture of the lateral half of the radial head which resulted in subluxation of the radio-humeral joint. The fracture of the radial head was treated by open reduction and fixation with a lag screw. The fourth case had an oblique fracture of the olecranon just proximal to the semilunar notch, complicated by a fracture of the anconeal process which was removed. The fractures healed within 10 weeks and the plates were removed in all 4 cases. During follow-up periods ranging from 10 to 26 months, all 4 animals became sound.  相似文献   

17.
Reasons for performing study: Fractured ribs are encountered quite frequently in newborn Thoroughbred foals, often with fatal outcome. Surgical repair of fractures therefore requires consideration as a means of reducing mortality. Objectives: To evaluate the repair of rib fractures using internal fixation techniques in foals at 2 different equine hospitals following similar diagnostics and case selection. Methods: The records of 14 foals that underwent internal fixation of fracture ribs were reviewed. Subject details, clinical presentation, diagnosis, surgical technique, post operative care and complications were recorded. Follow-up information was obtained in 7 foals. Results: The fractured ribs were reduced and stabilised using reconstruction plate(s), self-tapping cortical screws and cerclage wire in 12 cases, Steinmann pins and cerclage wires in 1 case and both techniques in 1 case. Not every rib was reduced on each case. Surgical reduction was performed on an average of 2 ribs, range 1-3 ribs in each foal. At the time of writing, 4 foals had been sold, one age 2 years was in training and 2 others died from unrelated causes. Conclusions: Our data support the use of surgical stabilisation utilising reconstruction plates, self-tapping cortical screws and cerclage wire for selected cases of thoracic trauma in neonatal foals. The use of Steinmann pins may be suboptimal due to cyclic failure, implant migration and the potential for iatrogenic internal thoracic trauma. Potential relevance: Foals with existing extensive internal thoracic trauma resulting from rib fracture(s), or the potential for such trauma, previously considered to have a guarded to poor prognosis for survival, may be successfully managed with internal fixation of selected fracture sites.  相似文献   

18.
Five New World camelids were admitted to the Western College of Veterinary Medicine between 1996 and 2003 for evaluation of femoral fractures. There were three alpacas and two llamas. Four of the animals were female and three were less than 3 months of age. Fracture configurations consisted of distal physeal fractures (three), a comminuted diaphyseal/metaphyseal fracture, and a transverse diaphyseal fracture. Fractures were diagnosed with a combination of physical examination and radiographs in all cases. All five fractures were repaired with internal fixation and three animals were discharged from the hospital with fractures that healed. One cria underwent successful internal fixation but died from pulmonary oedema during recovery from anaesthesia. Postoperative complications were rare and limited to inadequate fracture stability in one alpaca and prolonged recovery to weight bearing in another. One llama with a comminuted metaphyseal fracture, repaired with a 4.5 mm dynamic compression plate, subsequently had catastrophic failure of the bone 17 days after surgery. Overall the clients were pleased with the outcome of discharged animals. Although femoral fractures are considered rare, they pose a unique opportunity for the large animal veterinarian to successfully achieve fracture union with the aid of internal fixation.  相似文献   

19.
Objective— To report complications associated with orthopedic surgery in alpacas and llamas.
Study Design— Retrospective study.
Animals— Alpacas (n=18) and llamas (n=6) that orthopedic surgery using internal or external fixation.
Methods— Medical records (January 2000–December 2006) and radiographs were reviewed and owners contacted for follow-up information for alpacas and llamas that had orthopedic surgery involving internal or external fixation. Fourteen camelids had internal fixation, 7 had external fixation, and 3 had a combination of internal and external fixation.
Results— Twenty-two animals (92%) were discharged after surgery (mean hospitalization, 15 days). Of 20 animals with ≥1 year follow-up information, 18 were alive (82%). Postoperative complications related to fracture healing, infection, soft tissue structures, or joints occurred in 21 camelids (87%). Thirteen animals returned to their intended use, 4 animals returned to breeding but not their intended use, 4 were euthanatized, and 3 were only able to be used as pets.
Conclusions— Fixation type (internal, external) did not have any significant effect on complications involving fracture healing, infection, soft tissue structures, or chronic lameness. Camelids with open fractures were more likely to have complications associated with fracture healing, repair, and infection than closed fractures.
Clinical Relevance— Complications after orthopedic surgery in alpacas and llamas are more common than previously reported and may result in chronic lameness or prevent return to their intended use.  相似文献   

20.
Fractures of the tibial diaphysis in dogs and cats   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
  相似文献   

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