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1.
甘薯抗薯瘟病的苯丙烷类代谢研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
甘薯瘟病是甘薯的重要病害, 严重影响甘薯的品质和产量.本试验在甘薯苗期, 通过剪叶法接菌研究甘薯抗感病品种苯丙烷类代谢的变化规律.结果表明: 甘薯抗感病品种接菌后PAL、POD活性均有所提高, 且提高速度与品种抗性呈正相关; 抗病品种接菌后木质素和绿原酸含量显著增加, 感病品种接菌后绿原酸、总酚和类黄酮含量波动较大, 木质素含量降低.相关性分析表明, 接菌后木质素和绿原酸的积累与甘薯品种抗病性密切相关.接菌后PAL、POD活性迅速提高并积累木质素和绿原酸等抗病物质是甘薯抗薯瘟病的苯丙烷类代谢基础, 在抗病品种鉴定方面有一定的参考价值. 相似文献
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以抗/感白粉病的南农99-18/苏麦3号为试验材料,研究外源硅对接种白粉病后小麦叶片的几丁质酶、β-1,3葡聚糖酶、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性和叶片硅微域分布的影响,以探讨外源硅增强小麦抗白粉病的作用机理。结果表明,在不接病原菌时,施硅与否对抗/感病品种的PAL、PPO、β-1,3葡聚糖酶活性和感病品种的几丁质酶活性无显著性影响,但施硅可显著地提高抗病品种的几丁质酶活性;接种病原菌后,抗/感品种小麦叶片的几丁质酶、β-1,3葡聚糖酶、PAL和PPO活性均显著提高,而施硅处理显著地提高了感病品种的这四种酶活性和抗病品种的几丁质酶与β-1,3葡聚糖酶活性,但施硅处理对于抗病品种的PAL和PPO活性影响不显著。同时,施硅处理下,叶片硅元素相对重量都有不同程度提高,并有向刺状体基部和维管束组织富集趋势;接种病原菌后,叶片硅元素明显向病原菌侵染位点聚集,尤其有外源硅供给条件下,这种富集效应尤为显著。这意味着,硅不仅通过调节植株体内与抗病性密切相关的酶活性,而且同时可通过在侵染位点的淀积而构建了防病原菌侵入的"物理或机械屏障",以达到增强小麦的抗病性,从而抑制小麦白粉病病害发展。 相似文献
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以裸仁美洲南瓜抗、 感病品种为材料,测定了硅酸钠溶液喷雾处理南瓜幼苗后诱导接种白粉菌对不同抗病品种裸仁美洲南瓜叶片中酚类物质、 绿原酸、 类黄酮3种物质在不同处理时期含量变化的影响。结果表明,硅酸钠诱导处理后不同抗性品种南瓜叶片中的酚类物质、 绿原酸、 类黄酮等物质含量均明显升高,抗病品种中酚类物质含量在第5 d、 7 d、 9 d时分别高于对照和接菌处理的,绿原酸含量在各个处理时间均高于对照和接菌处理的,类黄酮含量在第7 d、 9 d时分别高于对照和接菌处理的; 感病品种中酚类物质含量和绿原酸含量分别在第5 d、 7 d和9 d时高于对照和接菌处理; 类黄酮含量在第3 d、 5 d、 7 d和9 d时均高于其他处理; 硅酸钠诱导处理后,大多数情况下抗病品种的酚类物质（除第7 d外）、 绿原酸（除第7 d、 9 d外）、 类黄酮等含量均高于感病品种,差异显著,且在接种后第10 d和第15 d白粉病病情指数明显下降。 相似文献
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硅对黄瓜白粉病抗性的影响及其生理机制 总被引：20，自引：1，他引：20
以黄瓜感病品种为材料,研究了施硅和诱导接种白粉菌对抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(AsA-POD)、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DR)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性与酚类物质含量变化的影响。结果表明:诱导接种后,营养液中加硅酸盐显著降低黄瓜白粉病病情指数,显著提高了黄瓜叶片中AsA-POD、PPO的活性,而DR、PAL活性低于不施硅处理,但差异不显著。施硅处理的酚类物质含量较高,并显著降低病情指数。 相似文献
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氯化钾对玉米茎腐病抗性反应中酚类物质代谢的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
采用田间试验,比较人工接种禾谷镰刀菌（Fusarium graminearum）后,不同氯化钾处理对玉米酚类物质代谢的影响,揭示氯化钾提高作物抗病过程中的酚类物质代谢机理。结果表明,诱导接菌加速了玉米对K+的吸收,且施用氯化钾可以提高接菌后玉米茎髓中苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）的诱导活性,加速多酚氧化酶（PPO）活性的升高,提高过氧化物酶（POD）活性的峰值。此外,施钾还有利于增加茎髓中固有木质素的含量,增加诱导产生的木质素和总酚的积累量。说明钾素可以通过调节酚类物质的代谢,增强次生代谢能力,提高玉米对茎腐病的抗性。 相似文献
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黄瓜枯萎菌粗毒素对不同抗性黄瓜种子萌发及幼苗胁迫作用研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用黄瓜枯萎菌粗毒素处理不同抗性品种黄瓜,研究粗毒素对黄瓜种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响,结果表明:粗毒素对不同抗性的黄瓜胚根生长和侧根分化均有抑制作用,且随处理浓度增加,抑制作用愈加明显,但粗毒素对感病品种的抑制作用强于抗病品种。粗毒素胁迫使黄瓜胚根的细胞膜透性、MDA含量、可溶性糖含量增加,其中感病品种的细胞膜透性和MDA含量高于抗病品种,但可溶性糖含量低于抗病品种。在粗毒素处理36 h内,抗感品种黄瓜幼苗的PAL、PPO和POD酶活性均呈现先升高后降低的趋势,其中PAL和PPO的峰值出现在粗毒素处理12 h,而POD的峰值出现在粗毒素处理24 h,抗病品种的3种酶活性峰值高于感病品种。表明抗病品种对黄瓜枯萎菌粗毒素胁迫的抵抗能力强于感病品种。 相似文献
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硅对水稻几丁质酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性的影响及其与抗纹枯病的关系 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在溶液培养条件下,以水稻抗病品种91SP和感病品种Lemont为材料,研究施硅和接种纹枯病菌对水稻纹枯病发生情况、外切几丁质酶、内切几丁质酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性的影响。结果表明,施硅能降低抗病品种91SP的纹枯病病级和病情指数,显著降低感病品种Lemont的病级和病情指数。在未接种纹枯病菌条件下,施硅增加了抗病品种几丁质酶活性,增加了感病品种的几丁质酶活性,但对β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性影响不大。接种纹枯病菌后,水稻几丁质酶活性被迅速激活后又下降,施硅通过提高抗病品种91SP几丁质酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性,以及通过提高感病品种Lemont几丁质酶活性来增强对纹枯病的抗性,但感病品种Lemont施硅处理的几丁质酶活性降低幅度小于抗病品种91SP。 相似文献
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外施SA可以显著减轻玉米大斑病的病害症状。表现为玉米叶片的病斑数目和病斑大小明显降低,诱抗效果超过56%。SA诱导玉米抗病机制研究表明：SA预处理,减缓了玉米大斑病菌侵染速度,表现为由侵入钉长出新菌丝,菌丝充满侵染细胞以及向邻近细胞扩展的时间推迟。SA预处理加速了病菌侵染过程中侵染点及周围玉米细胞的死亡。SA处理或SA预处理后接菌,明显增强了玉米叶片中PAL、几丁质酶、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性;增加了玉米叶片内木质素、丁布的含量;而单独接菌,这些酶活性及物质含量均无明显改变。SA处理后接菌,增加了玉米叶片内H2O2含量。 相似文献
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水稻细菌性条斑病抗性与过氧化物酶同工酶关系的初步研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
以水稻抗、感细菌性条斑病亲本杂交Ｆ２代构建的抗、感近等基因集团为材料,研究了接菌前后细菌性条斑病抗性与过氧化物酶活性及其同工酶酶谱的关系。结果表明,细菌性条斑病对抗病和感病水稻叶片过氧化物酶活性的影响不同,尽管两者酶活性都存在先降低后升高的过程,但感病植株酶活性上升的上于抗病植株。过氧化物酶同工酶谱带的差异主要表现在等电点（ｐＩ）为４．２～５．３之间的酶带,暗示细菌性条斑病菌能诱导过氧化物酶的某些 相似文献
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研究不同抗性甘薯品种受疮痂病菌侵染前后多胺和吲哚乙酸代谢变化结果表明 ,感染疮痂病菌后抗病与感病品种甘薯叶片中吲哚乙酸含量和多胺氧化酶活性降低 ,多胺总量及腐胺含量增加 ,腐胺 / (精胺 亚精胺 )比值升高 ,感病品种变化幅度高于抗病品种。疮痂病菌侵入后感病品种甘薯叶片中绿原酸含量下降 ,吲哚乙酸氧化酶和过氧化物酶活性升高 ,而抗病品种则相反。 相似文献
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Stephan Ngailo Hussein Shimelis Julia Sibiya Kiddo Mtunda 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2016,66(1):52-66
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam) is a versatile crop globally serving as food, feed and raw material for industries. Designed selection for higher yields and related traits is crucial to identify complementary sweet potato clones for breeding. The objective of this study was to determine phenotypic variation among diverse sweet potato collections with regard to yield, dry matter content (DMC) and sweet potato virus disease (SPVD) resistance and to identify suitable clones for breeding. A total of 144 sweet potato genotypes were evaluated at 2 sites in Tanzania using a 12?×?12 simple lattice design. Data collected included 10 quantitative and 17 qualitative agro-morphological traits and virus reaction. Results indicated differences among genotypes for most traits studied. The mean DMC was 36% with clones Zapallo and Ukerewe exhibiting the lowest and highest values of 29% and 45%, respectively. The mean storage root yield of clones was 5.1?t/ha with genotype Jewel expressing the highest yield of 11.3?t/ha. Genotypes Resisto and Mataya were early flowering at 40 and 50 days, respectively, while Ex-Mwanza and Kandoro did not flower at all. Fifty-eight per cent of the genotypes showed resistant reaction to SPVD, while 31% and 11% were moderately susceptible and susceptible to the disease, respectively. A positive correlation was observed for the number of roots and fresh root yield. Seven clones including Simama, Ukerewe, Mataya, Resisto, 03–03, Ex-Msimbi-1 and Gairo were selected for high storage root yield and related traits or SPVD resistance. The selected genotypes are recommended as potential parents for sweet potato breeding. 相似文献
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Kim DO Heo HJ Kim YJ Yang HS Lee CY 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(26):9921-9927
The identification of phenolics from various cultivars of fresh sweet and sour cherries and their protective effects on neuronal cells were comparatively evaluated in this study. Phenolics in cherries of four sweet and four sour cultivars were extracted and analyzed for total phenolics, total anthocyanins, and their antineurodegenerative activities. Total phenolics in sweet and sour cherries per 100 g ranged from 92.1 to 146.8 and from 146.1 to 312.4 mg gallic acid equivalents, respectively. Total anthocyanins of sweet and sour cherries ranged from 30.2 to 76.6 and from 49.1 to 109.2 mg cyanidin 3-glucoside equivalents, respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed that anthocyanins such as cyanidin and peonidin derivatives were prevalent phenolics. Hydroxycinnamic acids consisted of neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, and p-coumaric acid derivatives. Glycosides of quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin were also found. Generally, sour cherries had higher concentrations of total phenolics than sweet cherries, due to a higher concentration of anthocyanins and hydroxycinnamic acids. A positive linear correlation (r2 = 0.985) was revealed between the total anthocyanins measured by summation of individual peaks from HPLC analysis and the total anthocyanins measured by the pH differential method, indicating that there was in a close agreement with two quantifying methods for measuring anthocyanin contents. Cherry phenolics protected neuronal cells (PC 12) from cell-damaging oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner mainly due to anthocyanins. Overall results showed that cherries are rich in phenolics, especially in anthocyanins, with a strong antineurodegenerative activity and that they can serve as a good source of biofunctional phytochemicals in our diet. 相似文献
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以易感黑斑病甘薯品种“徐薯18”为试验材料, 分别接种分离自石榴、甘薯和芋头的甘薯长喙壳(Ceratocystis fimbriata), 研究其保护酶活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量变化。结果显示, 非亲和性菌株[分离自石榴的甘薯长喙壳(CQS2)和分离自芋头的甘薯长喙壳(YP1)]和亲和性菌株[分离自甘薯的甘薯长喙壳(SP1)]接种的甘薯块根苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性, 与对照处理相比均有升高, 且接种CQS2 和YP1 的处理始终高于接种SP1 的处理; 非亲和性菌株和亲和性菌株接种的甘薯块根MDA 含量均呈先上升后下降趋势, 且接种CQS2 和YP1 的处理在接种25 h 时MDA 含量明显高于接种SP1 的处理, 接种SP1 的处理在接种后期(50 h)的MDA 含量降至与对照相当水平。由此表明: 不同寄主的甘薯长喙壳侵染甘薯块根后, 非亲和性接种菌株(CQS2 和YP1)比亲和性接种菌株(SP1)能增强POD、SOD和CAT 酶活性及诱导较多的MDA, 从而增强病原菌侵染的抗性。 相似文献
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Harrison HF Peterson JK Snook ME Bohac JR Jackson DM 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(10):2943-2948
The caffeic acid content of storage root periderm and cortex tissues of genetically diverse sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] cultivars and breeding clones was quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. Periderm caffeic acid content of the clones ranged from 0.008 to 7.97 mg/g dry weight, whereas the highest cortex content was 0.047 mg/g. Clones varied greatly in periderm caffeic acid content in all experiments, but there were also differences between experiments in content averaged for all clones. This indicates that periderm caffeic acid content is subject to genetic and environmental influences. Caffeic acid inhibited the growth of four sweet potato pathogenic fungi and germination of proso millet seeds in bioassays. Inhibitory activity in the bioassays suggests that high periderm caffeic acid levels contribute to the storage root defense chemistry of some sweet potato genotypes. 相似文献
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甘薯在常温环境下放置极易出现失重、腐烂、发芽等问题,较难贮藏。为明确不同1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)熏蒸处理对甘薯贮藏保鲜及抗氧化能力的影响,并筛选出适宜甘薯常温贮藏的保鲜技术,本试验以烟薯25号为试验材料,研究不同熏蒸浓度(0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0、8.0 μL·L-1)、不同熏蒸时间(6、12、24、36、48 h)及其交互作用对甘薯贮藏保鲜效果的影响,并通过模糊评价方法对不同1-MCP处理组在不同贮藏时间(0、7、14、22、30、60、90、120 d)的动态时间点上进行综合评判与分析。结果表明,在相同熏蒸时间条件下,高浓度1-MCP处理显著抑制甘薯发芽率、发芽指数和丙二醛(MDA)含量上升,抗氧化酶活性随着1-MCP处理浓度的增加呈降低趋势。相同熏蒸浓度条件下,12 h熏蒸处理与其他处理组相比贮藏保鲜效果更好。双因素方差分析结果显示,熏蒸浓度、熏蒸时间及其交互作用对甘薯贮藏期不同理化指标的影响随贮藏时间的延长逐渐减小,其中熏蒸浓度对甘薯发芽率、发芽指数、失重率、MDA含量及过氧化氢酶(CAT)、坏血酸过氧化酶(APX)活性的影响较大,熏蒸时间对甘薯超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性影响更大,熏蒸浓度与熏蒸时间的交互作用主要影响甘薯的呼吸强度。模糊综合评价模型表明, 2 μL·L-1 1-MCP密闭熏蒸12 h最接近标准物元的最优状态,贮藏保鲜效果最好。本研究结果可为延长甘薯货架期与贮藏期提供技术参考。 相似文献
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Stepan Kiru Svetlana Makovskaya John Bamberg Alfonso del Rio 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2005,52(2):145-149
Cultivated Solanum tuberosum L. subsp. andigena is well known as a rich source of valuable traits for potato breeding, especially for resistance to diseases and pests. The golden potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis Woll., is considered to be one of todays most serious hindrances to potato production in Europe and North America. Thus, the breeding of new cultivars that have resistance to PCN is of great importance. The USPG (USA) and VIR (Russian) potato genebanks, as well as others, maintain many samples of primitive cultivated and wild potato species originating from Latin America. Many of these samples are assumed to be genetically duplicated because the material in both genebanks came from the same original source. A joint investigation of new genotypes of subsp. andigena forms resistant to potato cyst nematode (PCN) was carried out on samples of subsp. andigena at VIR with reputed duplicate samples at USPG. After careful screening, 14 samples which possessed resistance to PCN were identified. A high level of this resistance was transmitted to sexual progeny at a high frequency for all of the selections. Eleven of the accessions found to be resistant have reputed duplicates in USPG that were not previously known to be resistant. Thus, this research not only broadens the choice of parents available for resistance breeding, but identifies model materials for future research to test the parity of PCN resistance among reputed duplicate samples in the two genebanks. 相似文献