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1.
苦参碱防治荒漠草地蝗虫试验研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
苦参碱(Matrine)是由苦参的根、茎、叶和果实提取制成,是一种新型的生物防治制剂。试验设1%苦参碱可溶性液剂和4.5%氯氰菊酯乳油2个试验组,每试验组分3个剂量:1%苦参碱225、300和450mL/hm2;4.5%氯氰菊酯450、600和750 mL/hm2,共6个处理。结果表明:3个剂量的1%苦参碱对防治荒漠草原蝗虫均具有一定的防治效果。450 mL/hm2的1%苦参碱与常用农药4.5%氯氰菊酯450和600mL/hm22个剂量的防治效果无差异,因苦参碱为植物源杀虫剂,在防治荒漠草原蝗虫时可选择使用,以保护生态环境,减少污染。 相似文献
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印楝素(Azadirachtin AZ)是从印楝树的种子中提取的一类高度氧化的柠檬素.是一种新型植物源杀虫剂.试验设0.3%印楝素750 ml/hm2、900 ml/hm2、1 050 ml/hm23个试验处理和4.5%氯氰菊酯450 ml/hm2、600 ml/hm2、750 ml/hm23个对照处理.试验结果表明:0.3%印楝素3个浓度对防治草原蝗虫均具有良好的防治效果,其中:900 ml/hm2和1 050ml/hm2浓度水平与对照药品氯氰菊酯的中等浓度水平(600ml/hm2)的防治效果无显著差异.因印楝素杀虫广谱,作用机制特殊,杀虫机理多样,对环境、人畜安全,在防治草原蝗虫时可选择使用. 相似文献
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为提高青海省草原虫害防治效果,特用杀确爽(1%苦参碱可溶性液剂)进行草原蝗虫防治药效试验.分为3个试验组和1个对照组.试验结果表明,杀确爽(1%苦参碱可溶性液剂)用量分别为300 mL/hm2、375 mL/hm2、450 mL/hm2,防治草原蝗虫平均防治效果分别为97.76%、96.32%、97.03%.对照药品与参试药品各处理间防治效果均无显著差异. 相似文献
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苦参碱对草地蝗虫种群密度的控制效果 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
设1％苦参碱225mL／hm^2，300mL／hm^2、450mL／hm^2，4．5％氯氰菊酯450mL／hm^2、600mL／hm^2、750mL／hm^2共6个处理。试验结果表明：1％苦参碱3个浓度对防治草原蝗虫均具有一定的防治效果，最低为83．51％，最高可达98．35％。其中：1％苦参碱450mL／hm^2，对草原蝗虫的防治效果达到了4．5％氯氰菊酯的防治效果。因苦参碱是植物源杀虫剂，具有对人、畜安全，不污染环境，易于就地取材，节约开支，使用经济等优点，在防治草原蝗虫时可选择使用。 相似文献
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为考察不同剂型金龟子绿僵菌对青海地区草原蝗虫的防治效果,开展绿僵菌油悬浮剂和绿僵菌可湿性粉剂对草原蝗虫的防治试验。绿僵菌油悬浮剂和绿僵菌可湿性粉剂各设置3个试验小区,分别为A1、A2、A3区和B1、B2、B3区,A1和B1区为平地,A2和B2区为上坡地,A3和B3区为下坡地,同时设CK对照区;于施药前及施药后第5、10、15、30天对各试验区进行草原蝗虫虫口密度调查,计算施药后第5、10、15、30天的虫口减退率,采用统计学方法对各试验区的草原蝗虫防治效果进行比较。结果表明：施药前各试验处理区的虫口密度与CK对照区差异均不显著（P〉0.05）,绿僵菌2种剂型施药后第5、10、15、30天,各处理区的虫口密度均显著低于CK对照区（P〈0.05）;施药后第10天,A2、A3区的虫口减退率显著高于B1、B2、B3区（P〈0.05）;施药后第15天,A1、A2、A3区的虫口减退率显著高于B1、B2、B3区（P〈0.05）;施药后第30天,6个处理区的虫口减退率均高于65%,绿僵菌油悬浮剂在下坡地施药效果最佳,虫口减退率达到71.86%。总体来看,绿僵菌油悬浮剂的防治效果略优于绿僵菌可湿性粉剂,且施药于下坡地时防治效果更佳。金龟子绿僵菌2种剂型都具有一定的水平扩散能力,施药当年控制草原蝗虫持续效果较显著。 相似文献
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2012年在青海省祁连县央隆乡进行了绿僵菌(Metarhizium flavoviride)油悬浮剂防治草原土蝗的田间试验.绿僵菌孢子含量为100亿孢子-/g.药效调查采用0.25m2方框取样器五点式取样法.结果表明:供试药剂绿僵菌1#油悬浮剂300ml/hm2、450ml/hm2、600ml/hm2的剂量,防后7d平均防效分别为:83.9％、94.6％、95.9％,2#油悬浮剂300ml/hm2、450ml/hm2、600ml/hm2的剂量,防后7d平均防效分别为:83.9％、94.6％、95.9％.施药时主要虫态为4～5龄期,施药后3～5d出现感病死虫,在施药区没有发现大量死亡的其它昆虫,施药后牧草生长良好,具有一定的推广价值. 相似文献
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绿僵菌防治草原蝗虫技术推广中存在的问题及对策 总被引：8，自引：4，他引：4
对国内外应用绿僵菌防治草原蝗虫效果进行了分析，结果表明：绿僵菌作为防治草原蝗虫的专性生物制剂，可以持续有效控制草原蝗虫种群密度在经济受害水平以下，对其它草地昆虫无害，无二次中毒，不污染环境，具有推广价值。同时，针对绿僵菌在防治草原蝗虫技术推广中存在的问题，提出了相应的对策。 相似文献
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类产碱防治草原毛虫药效试验报告 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用类产碱药物防治草原毛虫,试验结果表明：类产碱生防剂以20mL／667m^2防治草原毛虫,平均防治效果为96.72％,对照药品4.5％高效氯氰菊酯以20mL／667m^2、25mL／667m^2防治草原毛虫,平均防治效果分别为95.71％和95.64％。不同处理间防治效果经方差分析差异不显著,均能达到省颁验收标准,因此,类产碱以20mL／667m^2剂量可在我省草原毛虫大面积防治中推广使用。 相似文献
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采用同一剂量和等比系列用药方法,用4.5%氯氰菊酯EC对草地蝗虫混合种群进行防治试验,发现防治效果与虫口密度成正相关关系(r=0.977 1),但最高防效只有62.84%,说明使用33.75mL/1 000m2的剂量偏低。另外,用1∶1.26的21.00、26.78、33.75、42.53和53.55mL/1 000m2 5个有效剂量进行等比系列用药量防治试验,发现浓度对数与防效机率值的相关系数为97.54%,证明防效与有效用药量密切相关,进而用机率值法测算出了4.5%氯氰菊酯EC对草地蝗虫混合种群的毒力回归方程:y=2.247 6+5.111 8x。依据试验结果提出了不同防治效果适宜用药量的模拟结果。 相似文献
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为了解蝗虫微孢子虫(Paranosema locustae)和绿僵菌(Metarhizium anisopliae‘acridum’)对蝗虫的防治情况,在农业部锡林郭勒草原有害生物科学观测实验站,对短星翅蝗(Calliptamus abbreviatus)和宽须蚁蝗(Myrmeleotettix palpalis)分别进行蝗虫微孢子虫、绿僵菌及两种药剂混合处理后,进行室内生测,记录28d的死虫数,并检测其感染情况。结果显示:单施蝗虫微孢子虫防治短星翅蝗,每头蝗虫的施用量为4.44×105个孢子,防治效果达65.09%。单施蝗虫微孢子虫防治宽须蚁蝗,每头蝗虫的施用量为4.44×104个孢子,防治效果达55.64%。混合施用蝗虫微孢子虫和绿僵菌防治草原蝗虫时,二者对每头蝗虫的施用量分别为4.44×104和1.11×106个,防效均可达到100%。与短星翅蝗相比,蝗虫微孢子虫对宽须蚁蝗的防效更好。 相似文献
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Camargo MG Golo PS Angelo IC Perinotto WM Sá FA Quinelato S Bittencourt VR 《Veterinary parasitology》2012,188(1-2):140-147
The formulations of acaripathogenic fungi to control ticks have been widely studied. The present study evaluated the efficacy of oil-based formulations of Metarhizium anisopliae sensu lato (s.l.), isolate Ma 959, and Beauveria bassiana, isolate Bb 986, on different Rhipicephalus microplus stages, comparing the efficacy between aqueous suspensions and 10, 15 and 20% mineral oil formulations. Twelve groups were formed: one aqueous control group; three mineral oil control groups, at 10, 15 or 20%; two aqueous fungal suspensions of M. anisopliae s.l. or B. bassiana; and three formulations of M. anisopliae (s.l.) or B. bassiana containing 10, 15, and 20% mineral oil. To prepare aqueous suspensions and oily formulations, fungal isolates were cultivated on rice grains in polypropylene bags. The conidial suspensions and formulations had a concentration of 10(8)conidia/mL. Bioassays were repeated twice. After treatment, the following biological parameters of engorged females were evaluated: hatching percentage, egg production index, nutritional index, and percentage of tick control. The following parameters were evaluated in the bioassays with eggs: period of incubation, period of hatch, and hatching percentage. Mortality was evaluated in bioassays with larvae. M. anisopliae s.l. and B. bassiana oil-based formulations were more effective than aqueous suspensions against R. microplus eggs, larvae and engorged females, however, there was no significant difference between the three oil concentrations used. M. anisopliae s.l. and B. bassiana formulated in mineral oil reached 93.69% and 21.67% efficacy, respectively, while M. anisopliae s.l. and B. bassiana aqueous suspensions attained 18.70% and 1.72% efficacy, respectively. M. anisopliae s.l. oil-based formulations caused significant effects in all biological parameters of engorged females while B. bassiana oil-based formulations modified significantly the nutritional index only. Eggs treated with M. anisopliae s.l. and B. bassiana oil-based formulations showed hatching rates that decreased 102.5 and 3.65 times, respectively. In the bioassay with larvae, M. anisopliae s.l. oil-based formulations caused nearly 100% mortality five days after treatment, while larva treated with B. bassiana oil-based formulations reached 100% mortality at day 20 after treatment. Larva from oil-based control groups showed mortality at day 15 after treatment, which indicated a possible toxic effect of the oil for this R. microplus stage. The results showed that the fungal mineral oil formulations tested were more effective than the aqueous suspension. Oil-based formulations at 10, 15 and 20% enhanced the activity of M. anisopliae s.l. Ma 959, and B. bassiana Bb 986, isolates against R. microplus eggs, larvae, and engorged females tick. Mineral oil was effective as an adjuvant in formulations of M. anisopliae s.l., Ma 959, and B. bassiana, Bb 986, for the control of R. microplus under laboratory conditions. 相似文献
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本研究采用花蕾注射法对9种天然源农药防治香蕉黄胸蓟马的田间防效进行了评价。结果表明,除虫菊素、藜芦碱、d-柠檬烯、绿僵菌在推荐剂量下对香蕉黄胸蓟马的防治效果最高,其防治效果均达90%以上。同时,试验结果还显示,d-柠檬烯分别与除虫菊素和藜芦碱以2.5 mL/L +2.5 mL/L混配时增效作用显著,其防效分别为98.74%和98.26%,显著优于单剂和其他处理。花蕾注射除虫菊素、藜芦碱、d-柠檬烯、绿僵菌对香蕉黄胸蓟马具有较好防效,可作为香蕉黄胸蓟马绿色防控的药剂示范应用。 相似文献
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通过对阔胫萤叶甲Pallasiola absinthii害虫生活习性及危害的研究,发现在甘肃河西半荒漠草原上,阔胫萤叶甲1年发生1代,以卵在草丛基部土层中越冬,主要以驴驴蒿Artemisia dalailamae为食,幼虫期是其主要危害期.阔胫萤叶甲的幼虫具有极强的耐饥饿能力,在不食状态下能存活27d之久;水淹3h后仍能复活;不耐冻,在幼虫孵化出土后遇霜冻气候,对其发生蔓延有抑制作用.适于防治阔胫萤叶甲虫害的农药是4.5%氯氰菊脂和水胺硫磷,其最佳施药量为900和750mL/hm2. 相似文献
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Onofre SB Miniuk CM de Barros NM Azevedo JL 《American journal of veterinary research》2001,62(9):1478-1480
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the pathogenicity of 4 strains of the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium flavoviride var flavoviride and Metarhizium anisopliae var anisopliae in vitro against the bovine tick Boophilus microplus. SAMPLE POPULATION: 300 B. microplus females were used for each series of 5 conidial suspensions of the 4 fungal strains; a control group of 60 females was treated with sterilized water. PROCEDURE: For each fungal strain, sporulating cultures were used to produce conidial suspensions containing 10(4), 10(5), 10(6), 10(7), and 10(8) conidia/ml. A bioassay was performed by immersing B. microplus females in conidial suspensions; the procedure was repeated with a new group of 60 females for each dilution (a total of 300). A control group was immersed in the same volume of sterilized distilled water. Ticks were maintained at 27 C and 80% relative humidity for 7 days, and the following variables were evaluated: weight before egging, egging weight, percentage eclosion, reproductive efficiency, and percentage control. RESULTS: A low index of eclosion was found in the treated groups, with a progressive decrease in percentage eclosion (control = 100%) with increased conidial concentration. The highest level of effectiveness of biocontrol was detected in groups treated with concentrations of 10(7) and 10(8) conidia/ml. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Strains of the entomopathogenic fungi M. anisopliae var anisopliae and M. flavoviride var flavoviride were effective as biological control agents against B. microplus, with M. flavoviride strain CG-291 being the most effective. The pathogenicity of these strains and the development of an application method for this fungus for control of ticks may result in improved animal productivity and a reduction in environmental pollution through the use of fewer chemical insecticides. 相似文献
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通过24种杀虫剂田间药效试验,筛选出10种对白刺古毒蛾(Orgyia antiqua)具有优良防效的杀虫剂,即类产碱SC、10%天罗地网EC、25%黑光灯EC、4.5%氯氰菊酯EC、草毒蛾SC、2.5%敌杀死EC、3%金永安EC、5%速杀星EC、1.8%阿维菌素EC和10%金大地WP,防效均在90%以上,其中类产碱SC、草毒蛾SC、1.8%阿维菌素EC具有低毒、高效、持效期长等特点,可作为古毒蛾防治首选杀虫剂使用。10%天罗地网EC、25%黑光灯EC、4.5%氯氰菊酯EC、2.5%敌杀死EC、3%金永安EC、5%速杀星EC、10%金大地WP具有防效快特点,可与类产碱SC、草毒蛾SC、1.8%阿维菌素EC在古毒蛾暴发年份交替使用或混合使用,以延缓抗性的产生。 相似文献
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Alonso-Díaz MA García L Galindo-Velasco E Lezama-Gutierrez R Angel-Sahagún CA Rodríguez-Vivas RI Fragoso-Sánchez H 《Veterinary parasitology》2007,147(3-4):336-340
The efficacy of Metarhizium anisopliae on the control of Boophilus microplus in cattle infested naturally in the Mexican tropics was evaluated. The study was carried out on a ranch in Veracruz, Mexico. Twenty steers were randomly allocated into two groups of 10 cattle. Animals were naturally infested with B. microplus. Animals in the treated group were sprayed with M. anisopliae (strain Ma34) at a concentration of 1x10(8)conidia/ml every 15 days (four treatments). The other group remained as untreated control. Standard engorged female ticks were recorded on days 0, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 post-treatment. From the second application treatment (day 7) to the end of the experiment, animals in the treated group had lower tick infestation (P<0.05) with an efficacy of 40.0-91.2%. The results demonstrate the efficacy of repeated treatment with M. anisopiae (Ma34 strain) to control natural infestation of engorged female B. microplus on cattle in the Mexican tropics. 相似文献