共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
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犬糖尿病是一种以高血糖为典型特征的代谢障碍性疾病,该病主要是由于胰腺β-细胞损伤,引起分泌胰岛素的功能下降,导致胰岛素分泌不足和胰岛素拮抗。机体血糖和尿糖水平增加时,胰岛素不能正常效应,导致出现糖尿病。现主要介绍犬糖尿病的分类、发病原因、临床症状以及防治措施,以期为降低犬糖尿病的发病率提供参考。 相似文献
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鸟类的血糖水平是体重相似的哺乳动物的1.5～2倍,且不会与哺乳动物有相同的高血糖和胰岛素抵抗的病理,因为鸟类具有天然的高血糖水平,但目前调节鸟类高血糖的内在原因尚不明确。本试验选用的10、20、42、160 d鸡（罗斯308）体重分别在400 g、750 g、2.8 kg、3 kg左右,180 d鸽（仑特鸽）体重在500 g左右,150 d兔（新西兰兔）体重在3 kg左右,每个物种选取6只对其血糖水平、胰岛素敏感性与糖代谢差异进行比较研究。结果发现：成年鸡、鸽空腹血糖和餐后血糖均极显著高于兔;ELISA测定结果显示鸡和鸽血清胰岛素含量极显著低于兔,而三者胰高血糖素含量差异不显著;葡萄糖耐量实验、胰岛素耐受实验、HOMA-IR系数结果显示,兔葡萄糖耐量和胰岛素耐受能力显著大于鸡和鸽;且兔肝细胞和肌细胞中的糖原含量也极显著高于鸡和鸽;此外,高效液相色谱检测结果显示,鸡和鸽的乳酸含量极显著低于兔。综上表明,鸟的高血糖主要是主要由于低胰岛素和低肝糖原、低肌糖原含量和低葡萄糖代谢活性所引起的,且存在胰岛素抵抗。 相似文献
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《科技视界》2016,(1)
目的:探讨胰腺癌手术后血糖水平与术后感染并发症的发生率、住院时间的相关性,为胰腺癌围手术期的血糖护理干预提供科学依据。方法:分析我科2010年1月~2014年7月间71例胰腺癌手术后康复出院患者的临床资料。分析术后高血糖对术后感染并发症的发生率以及住院时间的影响。结果:胰腺癌术后新发高血糖的发生率为37.5%,其中应激性高血糖发生率为25.0%,术后糖尿病的发生率为12.5%。术后高血糖患者的感染发生率明显高于正常血糖患者;术后糖尿病患者平均住院时间为30.1天,术后应激性高血糖者为21.5天,而无血糖异常者为20.4天,术后高血糖明显延长住院时间。结论:胰腺癌术后存在高血糖和糖尿病的高发生率,血糖水平是术后感染并发症发生率和住院时间长短的影响因素;从护理的角度,除了做好术后规范的血糖检测和合理应用胰岛素,强调加强糖尿病知识和饮食预防宣教,重视心理护理的必要性。 相似文献
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Rand J 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》1999,1(3):143-153
Type-1 diabetes, resulting from immune-mediated destruction of beta cells, appears to be rare in cats. Type-2 diabetes, characterised by inadequate insulin secretion and impaired insulin action, is the most common form of diabetes in cats. Other specific forms of diabetes constitute a substantial minority of cases. The most common is pancreatic destruction from pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Less frequent causes are insulin resistance from other endocrinopathies including acromegaly. Diabetes in cats is characterised by variable loss of insulin secretory capacity and insulin resistance. Glucose toxicity, islet amyloid-deposition, and pancreatitis contribute to further loss of beta cells and failure of insulin secretion. A significant number of cats undergo remission of their diabetes, usually 1-3 months after good glycaemic control is instituted. Obesity, old age, and Burmese breed are recognised risk factors for the development of diabetes in cats. 相似文献
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R Barrera M Cinta Ma?é J F Rodríguez A Jiménez 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1992,200(12):1967-1968
Diabetes mellitus and keratoconjunctivitis sicca were diagnosed in a female Poodle. The dog was treated for diabetes and keratoconjunctivitis sicca until blood glucose concentrations were within normal limits. Treatment for keratoconjunctivitis sicca was suspended then, and signs of this disorder did not appear again. Most of the factors known to predispose to keratoconjunctivitis sicca were not applicable to this dog. On the basis of observations made in this dog, we suggest that diabetes mellitus and keratoconjunctivitis sicca may be linked. Clinical signs of the disorders developed simultaneously and resolved when diabetes mellitus was controlled with insulin. 相似文献
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F D McMillan E C Feldman 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1986,188(12):1426-1431
Posthypoglycemic hyperglycemia (rebound hyperglycemia) after overdosing of insulin was diagnosed in 6 cats with diabetes mellitus. Administration of excessive insulin induced hypoglycemia within 4 to 8 hours, followed by rebound hyperglycemia. Diagnosis was made by serial blood glucose determinations during a 20- to 24-hour period after insulin administration. Four cats had a history of difficulty in regulating the diabetic state. In 2 cats, rebound hyperglycemia was diagnosed on routine serial blood glucose determinations. All of the cats were hyperglycemic for most of the day. Rebound hyperglycemia was observed with both intermediate (neutral protamine hagedorn) and long-acting (protamine zinc iletin) insulins, and the range of insulin doses at which the disorder developed overlapped previously determined therapeutic doses for these insulins in the cat. Urine glucose and single afternoon blood glucose determinations were inadequate and potentially misleading in monitoring diabetic cats receiving excessive amounts of insulin. 相似文献
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate day-to-day variability of serial blood glucose concentration curves in dogs with diabetes mellitus. DESIGN: Prospective clinical study. ANIMALS: 10 dogs with diabetes mellitus. PROCEDURE: Paired 12-hour serial blood glucose concentration curves performed during 2 consecutive days were obtained on 3 occasions from each dog. Dogs received the same dose of insulin and meal every 12 hours on both days. For each pair of curves, comparison was made between the results of days 1 and 2. RESULTS: Mean absolute difference (without regard to sign) between days 1 and 2 for each parameter was significantly > 0, disproving the hypothesis that there is minimal day-to-day variability of serial blood glucose concentration curves when insulin dose and meals are kept constant. Coefficient of variation of the absolute difference between days 1 and 2 for each parameter ranged from 68 to 103%. Evaluation of the paired curves led to an opposite recommendation for adjustment of the insulin dose on day 2, compared with day 1, on 27% of occasions. Disparity between dosage recommendations was more pronounced when glucose concentration nadir was < 180 mg/dL (10 mmol/L) on 1 or both days. In this subset of 20 paired curves, an opposite recommendation for dosage adjustment was made on 40% of occasions. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: There is large day-to-day variation in parameters of serial blood glucose concentration curves in diabetic dogs. Day-to-day variability of serial blood glucose concentration curves has important clinical implications, particularly in dogs with good glycemic control. 相似文献
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Beta cell and insulin antibodies are involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes in human patients. Beta cell antibodies have also been found in about 50% of newly diagnosed diabetic dogs. This study's objective was to examine these antibodies' role in feline diabetes. The serum of 26 newly diagnosed untreated diabetic cats, 29 cats on insulin therapy, 30 cats with diseases other than diabetes, and 30 healthy cats was examined for beta cell and insulin antibodies. For beta cell antibody testing, purified beta cells from a radiation-induced transplantable rat insulinoma were used. Serum from cats in which anti-beta cell antibodies were induced by injecting a purified beta cell suspension subcutaneously was used as a positive control. Following incubation with test sera, fluorescein-labeled anti-cat immunoglobulins were used to visualize binding between the beta cells and cat gamma globulins. Each serum was tested on two different tumor preparations. For the detection of insulin antibodies, a charcoal separation method was used. It was found that none of the healthy cats, none of the newly diagnosed, untreated diabetic cats and none of the cats with diseases other than diabetes had antibodies against beta cells or against endogenous insulin. Four diabetic cats (14%) that had been treated with different insulin preparations had insulin antibodies.It is concluded that immune-mediated processes are not causing diabetes in the cat. Further studies are needed to evaluate if antibodies directed against exogenous insulin alter the response of diabetic cats to insulin. 相似文献
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Miceli DD Gallelli MF Cabrera Blatter MF Martiarena B Brañas MM Ortemberg LR Gómez NV Castillo VA 《Research in veterinary science》2012,93(1):114-120
Diabetes is often associated with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH). Hypercortisolism causes insulin resistance and affects β-cell function. The purpose of this study was to test if daily administration of a long-acting insulin analogue during the first month of anti-PDH treatment can prevent progress to diabetes in these animals. Twenty-six PDH dogs were divided into three groups: one group with glycaemia <5.83 mmol/L and two groups with glycaemia >5.83 mmol/L and <9.35 mmol/L, one of which received insulin detemir during 4 months. Dogs with glycaemia <5.83 mmol/L and those with glycaemia >5.83 mmol/L which received insulin did not develop diabetes. In the non-insulin group, 6/7 dogs developed diabetes after the third month. There is a 13-fold higher risk of diabetes in dogs with glycaemia >5.83 mmol/L and no insulin treatment. Administering insulin detemir to dogs with PDH and glycaemia >5.83 mmol/L could prevent progression to diabetes. 相似文献
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Cristobal Navas de Solis LV MS DACVIM Jonathan H. Foreman DVM MS DACVIM 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2010,20(6):611-615
Objective – To describe the clinical presentation, treatment, and outcome of a neonatal foal diagnosed with transient Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Case Summary – A 3‐day‐old Thoroughbred foal presented with a 24‐hour history of diarrhea and depression. Coronavirus particles were observed in the feces via electron microscopy. During hospitalization the foal developed hyperglycemia concomitantly with low insulin concentration and an adequate response to exogenous insulin therapy supported a diagnosis of Type 1 diabetes mellitus. The foal required SC insulin for 26 days, but developed complications associated with insulin therapy that resolved with appropriate care. On follow up assessment the foal was found to be a healthy euglycemic animal with normal insulin concentration at 11 months of age. New or Unique Information Provided – To our knowledge this is the first report of Type 1 diabetes in this age group and the first report of transient neonatal diabetes mellitus in horses. Type 1 diabetes mellitus should be considered a differential diagnosis for hyperglycemia in equine neonates and that it can be transient and managed successfully. 相似文献
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Mori A Lee P Takemitsu H Iwasaki E Kimura N Yagishita M Hayasaka M Arai T 《Veterinary research communications》2009,33(4):315-329
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) animal models have provided ample opportunity for investigating pathogenesis, as well as to
evaluate novel treatment and prevention options for the disease. Because the domestic cat shares a similar environment with
humans, it is also confronted with many similar risk factors for diabetes, such as physical inactivity and obesity. Obesity
is a significant risk factor for diabetes in cats, and as such, the domestic cat may serve as an ideal model for investigating
obesity induced insulin resistance. This study determined changes in insulin signaling genes within insulin sensitive tissues
of obese felines. Quantitative RT-PCR was performed to determine mRNA levels of three important insulin signaling genes which
have been implicated with insulin resistance: insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1, IRS-2, and phosphatidylinositol 3’-kinase
(PI3-K) p85α. Obese cats had significantly lower IRS-2 and PI3-K p85α mRNA levels in liver and skeletal muscle as compared
to control cats. This down regulation of insulin signaling genes in obese cats mirrors that of obese humans and rodents suffering
from insulin resistance. Interestingly, preprandial blood tests indicated that our obese cats were no different from control
cats with regards to glucose tolerance and insulin resistance, thus indicating that the obese cats used in our study had a
moderate level of obesity. Therefore, insulin signaling gene alterations were occurring in insulin sensitive tissues of moderately
obese felines before glucose intolerance was clinically evident. As such, the monitoring of key insulin signaling genes may
have some important diagnostic value to determine the risk level and degree of obesity induced insulin resistance. 相似文献
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CASE SUMMARIES: Two cases of diabetes mellitus occurring in bitches in association with pregnancy are reported. In the first case, a bitch with suspected acromegaly developed diabetes mellitus within 2 weeks of the due date. Despite insulin therapy, euglycaemia was not achieved. Tw o live, small pups were delivered by elective Caesarean section but died within 2 days. Signs consistent with acromegaly resolved but diabetes mellitus was permanent in the bitch. In the second case, diabetic ketosis with severe gastrointestinal disease was diagnosed 2 days after Caesarean section was performed due to dystocia. The pups delivered all died within 5 days. The bitch recovered fully from diabetes mellitus within 2 weeks and has remained euglycaemic without insulin for a period of at least 18 months. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These two cases demonstrate that diabetes mellitus can occur in association with pregnancy in dogs, that diabetic ketosis can occur during transient diabetes mellitus in dogs, and suggest that acromegaly may occur during pregnancy-related dioestrus in dogs. The scarcity of previous reports of this nature, however, suggests that such cases are unusual. Lack of prompt resolution of hyperglycaemia may result in secondary diabetes mellitus becoming permanent. Management should focus on immediate insulin therapy or ovariohysterectomy to minimise this risk. Even mild hyperglycaemia should not be ignored during pregnancy. The insulin antagonistic effects of pregnancy, stressful illness, surgery and dystocia can be enough to result in diabetic ketosis in the absence of permanent insulin deficiency. Maternal hyperglycaemia may contribute to adverse fetal outcomes in dogs but further study is required regarding the nature of the risk. 相似文献
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Nelson RW Lynn RC Wagner-Mann CC Michels GM 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2001,218(1):38-42
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate effects of protamine zinc insulin (PZI) on control of glycemia in cats with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus or poorly controlled diabetes. DESIGN: Clinical trial. ANIMALS: 67 diabetic cats. PROCEDURE: 34 cats with newly diagnosed diabetes and 33 cats with poorly controlled diabetes were treated with PZI twice daily for 45 days. Control of glycemia was assessed on days 7, 14, 30, and 45 by evaluation of clinical response, change in body weight, serum fructosamine concentration, blood glucose concentration measured 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 hours after administration of PZI, lowest blood glucose concentration, and mean blood glucose concentration during the 9-hour period after administration. Adjustments in dosage of PZI were made as needed to attain control of glycemia. RESULTS: For all cats, a significant increase in mean dosage of PZI and significant decreases in 9-hour mean blood glucose concentration, lowest mean blood glucose concentration, and mean serum fructosamine concentration were detected. For cats with poorly controlled diabetes, 9-hour mean blood glucose concentration and mean serum fructosamine concentration were significantly decreased on day 45, compared with day 0. Ninety percent of owners reported improvement or resolution of clinical signs by day 45. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that PZI was effective for control of glycemia in cats with newly diagnosed or poorly controlled diabetes and may be used as an initial treatment or as an alternative treatment in cats that do not respond to treatment with other types of insulin. 相似文献