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1.
Omega gliadin proteins are one of the most allergenic components of wheat gluten. Proteins of the ω-5 subgroup are recognized as main allergens causing wheat dependent exercise induced anaphylaxis—the most dangerous, life-threatening IgE mediated food allergy. A set of wheat genotypes lacking all ω-gliadins has been developed by cumulating inactive gene variants in three gliadin coding loci (Gli A1, Gli B1 and Gli D1), using traditional plant breeding methods. Endosperm proteins of ω-gliadin-free genotypes were compared to a control genotype containing all ω-gliadins by A-PAGE, SDS-PAGE and RP-HPLC. A considerable decrease (about 30 %) of gliadin immunoreactivity as a consequence of ω-gliadin elimination was demonstrated by ELISA, using sera of ten patients allergic to gluten. Preliminary evaluation of the technological properties of the ω-gliadin-free genotype by the SDS sedimentation test suggests that elimination of all ω-gliadins may also significantly improve wheat bread making quality. 相似文献
2.
By electrophoretic analysis of F2 progenies from crosses among the hexaploid wheat varieties ‘Cajeme 71’, ‘Ablaca’, ‘Anza’ and ‘Pané 247’, two new prolamin loci Gli-D4 and Gli-D5, were mapped on the short arm of chromosome ID. The Gli-D4 locus controls gliadins of type γ and is situated on the short arm of chromosome ID between the centromere and the Gli-D1 locus with a genetic distance of 10.1±2.4 cM from this locus. The Gli-D5 locus controls gliadin type ω and was mapped 3.7 ± 0.8 cM from Gli-Dl and located between Gli-Dl and the telomere. 相似文献
3.
A collection of 63 bread wheats (Triticum aestivum L.) and 21 durum wheats (Triticum durum Desf.) commonly grown in Portugal since 1982 were characterized for the composition of wheat storage proteins (WSP), high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS), low molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS) and ω-gliadins. The composition of HMW-GS, LMW-GS and &-gliadins, encoded at loci Glu-1, Glu-3 and Gli-1, respectively, was revealed by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. WSP allelic compositions of bread and durum wheat patterns were given. In the bread wheats, a total of 24, 24 and 18 patterns were observed for HMW-GS, LMW-GS and ω-gliadins, respectively. Forty-two different alleles were identified for the nine loci studied, Glu-A1 (3), Glu-B1 (7), Glu-D1 (4), Glu-A3 (5), Glu-B1 (7), Glu-D3 (2), Gli-A1 (2), Gli-B1 (8) and Gli-D1 (4). In the case of durum wheats, 19 alleles were identified: one allele at Glu-A1, two at Glu-B3, Glu-B2 and Gli-A1, three at Glu-B1, four at Glu-A3 and five at Gli-B1. For HMW-GS, LMW-GS and ω-gliadins, three, six and six different patterns were revealed, respectively. This study represents the first attempt to discriminate the bread and durum wheat varieties commonly grown in Portugal by the allelic variation of storage proteins. The database is useful for varietal identification and for plant breeders who seek to devise effective programmes aimed at improving wheat quality. 相似文献
4.
F4 progenies of a cross between durum wheat cultivar ‘Creso’ and an accession of Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides with high protein content were analysed by two different electrophoretic procedures (A-PAGE and SDS-PAGE). Variation of storage proteins at the Glu-A1, Glu-B1, Glu-B3 and Gli-B1 loci was studied. Electrophoretic analyses have shown that parents contain different alleles at each of the four loci considered and that protein components of T. dicoccoides are uncommon among cultivated wheats. Recombination between the Glu-B3 and Gli-B1 loci was observed. To determine the effects of the allelic variants on gluten properties, F5 grains from every F4 line were analysed for protein content and SDS-sedimentation value. Gluten quality was strongly associated with the allelic type of proteins coded by the Glu-B3 locus and, to a lesser extent, to those coded by Glu-A1. Mean sedimentation value of progenies possessing the ‘Creso’Glu-B3 allele was significantly greater than that showing the T. dicoccoides allele. High molecular weight glutenin sub-units coded by the T. dicoccoides Glu-A1 locus were also associated with larger sedimentation values than null form of ‘Creso’. Results of SDS-test, obtained for recombinants between Glu-B3 and Gli-B1, confirmd that specific omega- and gamma-gliadins are only genetic markers of quality, whereas variation for LMW glutenin subunits coded at Glu-B3 is responsible for differences in gluten properties. 相似文献
5.
Variability of high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) was studied in198 accessions of Ae. Tauschii (2n=2x=14, DD) by sodium dodecyl sulphate(SDS-PAGE) and acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (A-PAGE) and capillary electrophoresis
(CE). A high allelic variation of HMW-GS, including some novel x- and y-type subunits and variable subunit combinations were
observed. One accession(TD159) showed a x-type null form. The results by A-PAGE analysis revealed that the subunits Dx5
t and Dy10
t encoded by Glu-D
t
1 locus in Ae. tauschii were different in relative mobilities in comparison with the subunits Dx5 and Dy10 found in bread wheats, whereas they had
the same mobilities, respectively, when separated by SDS-PAGE. The higher resolution of Ae. tauschii HMW-GS separated by CE method showed two clear peaks in accordance with x- and y-type subunits, respectively,except the accession
TD151 which possessed only subunit Dy12.1*t. The electro elution time of the x-type and y-type subunits were about 13–14 and 7–8minutes, respectively. Characterization
of wheat HMW-GS was facilitated by using CE which provides high resolution and increases the speed of analysis in conjunction
with the traditional gel electrophoretic methods. A total of 42HMW-GS alleles were identified, among which were several alleles
not presently detected in bread wheats. Hence Ae. tauschii is potentially a valuable genetic resource for quality improvement of bread wheat.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
6.
Duplication of the Bx7 high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit gene in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar'Red River 68' 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
SDS-PAGE analysis of seed proteins of the cultivar‘Red River 68’showed a considerably higher staining intensity of the band corresponding to HMW-GS Bx7 relative to the equivalent band in the cultivars‘Chinese Spring’and‘Cheyenne’. Southern blots of restriction enzyme fragments from DNA of these three cultivars were analyzed densitometrically to reveal that the band corresponding to the Bx7 gene of‘Red River 68’had a double staining intensity compared to the equivalent bands from the other two cultivars, which indicates that in‘Red River 68’a duplication of the Bx7 gene has occurred. Although the possibility of the gene copy being a pseudogene was not ruled out, the greater amount of protein corresponding to Bx7 in‘Red River 68’most likely is in accord with an increase in active gene number. SDSPAGE analysis of the proteins showed also that the mobility of Bx7 in‘Cheyenne’was slightly different from the mobilities of the Bx7 subunits of‘Red River 68’and‘Chinese Spring’. The same difference was observed at the gene level by PCR amplification of the genes encoding these subunits. 相似文献
7.
The storage protein profiles of the seeds of two IITA cowpea cultivars (‘IT84E–124’ and ‘Vita 7’) exposed to three mutagens—sodium azide (NaN3), ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) and 60Co gamma rays—and those of 18 selected M3 lines were investigated by sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The total seed protein, globulin and albumin fractions showed differences in number and intensity of subunit bands, but the least differences were found in the albumin fraction. Both high and low molecular weight bands were observed, the highest being 94.5 kDa and the lowest 12.0 kDa.‘Vita T showed less variability compared with ‘IT84E–124’, as indicated by the relative similarity indices (S.I.) of the two cultivars. The lowest S.I. of 0.200 was found among ‘IT84E–124’ lines while the lowest S.I. among ‘Vita T lines was 0.4706. A number of lines with particular traits were found to be characterized by the presence of specific polypeptide bands. This study demonstrates that induced mutation could create additional variability to supplement existing germplasm and that SDS-PAGE is a useful tool for discriminating and estimating genetic similarities among selections. 相似文献
8.
A barley drought tolerance Quantitatif Trait Locus (QTL) on chromosome 2 was transferred from tolerant cultivar ‘Tadmor’ to susceptible ‘Baronesse’ and ‘Aydanhanım’. Effects of this QTL on drought tolerance and other traits were studied using near-isogenic lines under controlled environments and field trials for two years. This QTL resulted in 5.0% and 9.1% improvement in leaf relative water content of ‘Baronesse’ and ‘Aydanhanım’ cultivars, respectively, under controlled environments. The QTL accelerated heading and maturity by 2.5 days in ‘Baronesse’ and by 5–6 days in ‘Aydanhanım’. It was associated with shorter stature and more ears. This QTL region increased grain yields by 1.1 and 0.6 t/ha in ‘Baronesse’ and ‘Aydanhanım’, respectively, mainly by increasing the number of tillers. There were previous reports related to yield promoting effects of this region harbouring flowering locus eps2 (barley HvCEN gene). However, sequencing of 1025 bp fragment encompassing HvCEN coding region revealed that our parents and near-isogenic lines had no Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) variation, ruling out direct involvement of eps2. These findings pointed to the possible effect of another flowering locus in the QTL region. 相似文献
9.
Relationships between different prolamin proteins and some quality properties in durum wheat 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
The objective of this paper was to study the differences between some prolamin variants coded at the loci Glu-3/Gli-1, Glu-1 and Gli-A2 and their relative roles in durum-wheat quality. F3 lines from four durum wheat crosses (‘Abadia’בMexicali’. ‘Oscar’בArdente’, ‘Oscar × Mexicali’ and ‘Alaga’בC. of Balazote’) were analysed for gliadin and glutenin composition by electrophoresis. Whole-grain-derived samples were analysed for SDS sedimentation (SDSS) value, mixing properties, and contents of protein and vitreousness. The glutenin patterns LMW-2. LMW-2? and LMW-2 (CB) at Glu-B3/Gli-B1 were associated with better gluten quality than were LMW-1 and LMW-2*. The glutenin subunits LMW4 and LMW3 + 15 at Glu-A3/Gli-A1 and HMW-1 showed better mixing properties than LMW7 + 12, LMW5 and the null phenotype. respectively. The HMW glutenin subunits 20 + 8 at Glu-B1 showed a negative association with gluten quality, but the rest of the HMW glutenin subunits and α-gliadins did not show any influence on gluten quality. Correlations between the results of the SDSS test and the mixograph were highly significant, but no correlation was found between these results and protein and vitreousness contents. The results are discussed in relation to the development of durum wheat varieties with improved qualities. 相似文献
10.
A collection of 14 triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) varieties commonly grown in Portugal were analysed using sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) to describe allelic diversity in the storage proteins encoded at the Glu-1 (Glu-A1, Glu-B1 and Glu-R1), Gli-1 (Gli-A1 and Gli-B1), Glu-3 (Glu-A3 and Glu-B3), Glu-B2 and Gli-R2 loci. Several alleles were identified: 10 at the loci encoding for high molecular weight(HMW)subunits (seven for glutenin and three for secalins), eight for low molecular weight glutenin subunits, four for γ-gliadins and three for 75K γ-secalins. These results showed that triticale varieties grown in Portugal exhibit great genetic diversity. Knowledge of the diversity of these storage proteins, which are the major gluten components, will greatly increase our understanding of the quality differences that might exist between triticale varieties. 相似文献
11.
Hiroyuki Kawahigashi Hiroshi Mizuno Tsuyu Ando Jun-ichi Yonemaru Shigemitsu Kasuga 《Plant Breeding》2020,139(3):600-607
Some sorghum cultivars are sensitive to organophosphate insecticides, which cause red to purple injury spots and, in severe cases, leaf death. Sensitivity to organophosphates is conditioned by a single locus on chromosome 5. We constructed a high-density genetic map around the locus, termed osr, using DNA markers, and delimited osr to a 377-kb region on the short arm of chromosome 5. Sequence analysis of this region predicted 19 gene candidates. Four of the candidates are homologous to a disease resistance NBS-LRR gene. mRNA-Seq analysis of gene expression and SNPs from two resistant cultivars (‘JN43’ and ‘Greenleaf’) and one sensitive cultivar (‘Nakei MS3B’) suggest that one or more members of this NBS-LRR gene family are osr. Our results suggested that the recessive allele of osr results in sensitivity to OP insecticides. 相似文献
12.
Genetical studies have been conducted with lines derived from H. spontaneum showing that these lines carry dominant mildew resistance genes located at or near the Mla, locus. The resistance spectra of the lines ‘RS170—10 × Piccolo A’, ‘Diamant × 1B-20’, ‘RS1—8 × Piccolo E’ and ‘Diamant × 1B-151’ obtained from 10 European and Israeli isolates differ from previously-identified Mia alleles. Therefore, it is suggested that these genes should be designated as Mla 25, Mla 26, Mla.27 and Mla 28, respectively. In addition, the RFLP-patterns of these lines and their crossing parents were studied by hybridization with probes MWG 1H036, MWG 1H060 and MWG 1H068, which are very closely linked to the Mia locus. Two double crossover events have been identified. The use of RFLP markers for the identification of mildew resistance genes is discussed. 相似文献
13.
V. Vallega 《Plant Breeding》1988,100(4):241-246
Variation in high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit composition amongst Triticum durum cvs. of different origins was investigated by SDS-PAGE and compared with that reported for T. dicoccum and T. aestivum. Tetraploid wheat collections (408 cvs.) were found to carry nearly twice as many Glu-A1 and Glu-B1 alleles as a hexaploid wheat sample of comparable size. In each of the taxa considered, allelic variation at the Glu-B1 locus was markedly greater than that observed for Glu-A1. However, because all the Glu-B1 subunits so far discovered exhibit a restricted and distinctive mobility range during. SDS-PAGE, it is suggested that they are derived from a single source, possibly from Aegilops searsii. Most durum cvs. carried a ‘null’Glu-A1 allele and therefore fewer subunits than dicoccums and common wheats. It is argued that differences in the frequency of occurrence of ‘null’Glu-1 alleles between taxa probably resulted from random samplings made by early agriculturalists and breeders, rather than from an inherent tendency of polyploid wheats to suppress the activity of “redundant” genes. 相似文献
14.
Incompatibility and resistance to woolly apple aphid in apple 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The study investigated the reported linkage of the locus for resistance to woolly apple aphid with the locus for incompatibility. Apple seedlings from the cross ‘Northern Spy’(heterozygous for resistance) בTotem’(susceptible) were scored for resistance, and for incompatibility genotype, by analysis of stylar ribonucleases, and for Got‐1, the isoenzyme marker for incompatibility. Cosegregation analysis provided no evidence that the loci for resistance and incompatibility are linked. Two rootstock cultivars,‘M9’and ‘Merton 789′, which in early work had been reported to give poor set in crosses with ‘Northern Spy’, were found to have the same incompatibility genotype as ‘Northern Spy’, namely S1S3.‘M4’and ‘Irish Peach’, two other cultivars that had given poor set when crossed on to ‘Northern Spy’, appeared to be homozygous at the incompatibility locus and to have the genotypes S3S3 and S1S1, respectively. 相似文献
15.
Assignment of the denso Dwarfing Gene to the Long Arm of Chromosome 3(3H) of Barley by Use of RFLP Markers 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
RFLP analysis of 105 doubled haploid lines from a cross between the barley varieties ‘Magnum’ and ‘Goldmarker’ located the denso dwarfing gene on the long arm of chromosome 3(3H), approximately 8 cM distal to the RFLP locus Xpsrl70. Lines with the denso gene showed a distinctive prostrate juvenile growth habit and tended to have later ear emergence times and lower plant grain weights, ear grain weights and 50 grain weights. 相似文献
16.
A new locus for resistance to brown planthopper identified in the indica rice variety DV85 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
C. C. Su J. Wan H. Q. Zhai C. M. Wang L. H. Sun H. Yasui A. Yoshimura 《Plant Breeding》2005,124(1):93-95
The brown planthopper (BPH) is one of the most destructive insect pests of rice. Resistant varieties have proved to be one of the most economic and effective measures for BPH management. In this study, an indica rice ‘DV85’ showed resistance to biotype 2 of BPH by bulked seedling test, and a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between a susceptible rice ‘Kinmaze’ and ‘DV85’ was phenotyped to map genetic factors conferring BPH resistance in ‘DV85′. Composite interval mapping revealed that one quantitative trait locus (QTL) with a LOD score of 10.1 was detected between XNpb202 and C1172 on chromosome 11. This QTL was designated as Qbph11. Qbph11 explained 68.4% of the phenotypic variance of BPH resistance in this population. The allele from the resistant parent ‘DV85’ at Qbph11 reduced the damage caused by BPH feeding and would be very useful in breeding resistant rice varieties via marker‐assisted selection. 相似文献
17.
The inheritance of heading time of spring barley was studied in three extremely early genotypes IB, RL and ‘Mona’ (M), which is homozygous recessive for the early maturity ea8 (=eak) gene conferring extreme earliness under short daylengths and is relatively photoperiod insensitive, and five (GP, MA, PS, NU and BA) spring genotypes that are early to intermediate for heading time. Frequency distributions of F2 generations grown at Ouled Gnaou, Morocco (32°15′ N), an environment which maximizes differences between photoperiod‐insensitive and photoperiod‐sensitive genotypes, indicated that across populations many loci were segregating in a complex Mendelian manner. IB and RL were both homozygous recessive for the ea8 gene, which conferred an early heading time. RL had partially dominant alleles at second locus (Enea8), which enhanced its earliness. Recovery of only progeny within the parental range of genotypes for heading time from the crosses of RL/M and IB/M suggests that numerous loci remained suppressed, perhaps latent, given their diverse parentage. The ea8 recessive homozygote in RL suppressed another unidentified locus which, when homozygous recessive in the absence of the ea8 recessive homozygote, conferred extreme earliness in one short daylength environment (Ouled Gnaou, Morocco) but was undetected in another environment (Davis, CA, USA). Epistatic gene action and genotype × environment effects strongly influenced heading time. In addition to a genetic system consisting of single‐locus recessive homozygotes conferring photoperiod insensitivity, a second genetic system, based on dominant alleles at one or a few loci, derived from the early heading Finnish landrace ‘Olli’, also confers extremely early heading time under short daylengths and relative photoperiod insensitivity in the genotype GP. 相似文献
18.
D. H. He Z. X. Lin X. L. Zhang Y. X. Zhang W. Li Y. C. Nie X. P. Guo 《Plant Breeding》2008,127(3):286-294
The interspecific genetic introgression approach has been shown to facilitate the detection and dissection of quantitative trait loci (QTL). A population consisting of 121 F6 recombinant inbred lines was developed by crossing Gossypium hirsutum cv. ‘Handan 208’ and G. barbadense cv. ‘Pima 90’ via single‐seed descent. Genotyping indicated that the mean ‘Pima 90’ allele frequency at each locus was 21%. Phenotyping and phenotypic distribution indicated a trend of return of individual lines’ characters to ‘Handan 208’ coupled with a wide variance for each trait. Significant loci influencing fibre quality were detected by one‐way analysis of variance (anova; P < 0.005) and association analysis [?log10(P) ≥ 3]: five and three markers for fibre length, four and one marker(s) for uniformity, two and one marker(s) for micronaire, 13 and 15 markers for strength, six and 10 markers for elongation, respectively. Two‐way anova based on genotypes of all marker loci combination showed that 807 two‐locus combinations were significant, and two‐way anova based on marker genotypes of QTL markers combination showed five significant digenic interactions (P < 0.01). 相似文献
19.
Yield and quality reductions caused by Fusarium head blight (FHB) have spurred spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeders to identify and develop new sources of host plant resistance. Four wheat synthetic hexaploids (×Aegilotriticum sp.) were developed, each having a quantitative trait locus (QTL), Qfhs.ndsu‐3AS, providing FHB resistance from Triticum turgidum L. var. dicoccoides chromosome 3A. Synthetics were produced by hybridizing a ‘Langdon’‐T. dicoccoides‐ recombinant chromosome 3A substitution line (2n = 4x = 28, AABB with two accessions of T. tauschii (2n= 2x = 14, DD). Synthetics were inoculated and evaluated for FHB resistance in two separate greenhouse seasons. One synthetic, 01NDSWG‐5, exhibited FHB severity ratings of 36% and 32% in the separate seasons, compared with ratings of 9% and 30% for ‘Alsen’, a FHB‐resistant spring cultivar, and ratings of 70% and 96% for ‘McNeal’, a susceptible spring cultivar, respectively. Synthetic × Alsen backcross‐derived lines were produced to initiate combining different sources of FHB resistance. 相似文献
20.
Quantitative trait loci (QTL) for three traits related to awning (awn length at the base, the middle and the top of the ear) in wheat were mapped in a doubled‐haploid line (DH) population derived from the cross between the cultivars ‘Courtot’ (awned) and ‘Chinese Spring’ (awnless) and grown in Clermont‐Ferrand, France, under natural field conditions. A molecular marker linkage map of this cross that was previously constructed based on 187 DH lines and 550 markers was used for the QTL mapping. The genome was well covered (more than 95%) and a set of anchor loci regularly spaced (one marker every 20.8 cM) was chosen for marker regression analysis. For each trait, only two consistent QTL were identified with individual effects ranging from 8.5 to 45.9% of the total phenotypic variation. These two QTL cosegregated with the genes Hd on chromosome 4A and B2 on chromosome 6B, which are known to inhibit awning. The results were confirmed using ‘Chinese Spring’ deletion lines of these two chromosomes, which have awned spikes, while ‘Chinese Spring’ is usually awnless. No quantitative trait locus was detected on chromosome 5A where the B1 awn‐inhibitor gene is located, suggesting that both ‘Courtot’ and ‘Chinese Spring’ have the same allelic constitution at this locus. The occurrence of awned speltoid spikes on the deletion lines of this chromosome suggests that ‘Chinese Spring’ and ‘Courtot’ have the dominant B1 allele, indicating that B1 alone has insufficient effect to induce complete awn inhibition. 相似文献