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1.
Valerie Hughes Susan Denham John P. Bannantine Francesca Chianini Karen Kerr Linda May Joyce McLuckie Mintu Nath Karen Stevenson 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2013
Johne's disease (JD), or paratuberculosis is a fatal enteritis of animals caused by infection with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map). There may be a long subclinical phase with no signs of clinical disease. 相似文献
2.
J. Gasteiner H. Wenzl K. Fuchs U. Jark W. Baumgartner 《Zoonoses and public health》1999,46(7):457-466
From 1995 to 1997, the prevalence of serum antibodies against Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (M. av. ssp. ptbc.) – the causal agent of paratuberculosis (Johne’s Disease) – was examined in 11 028 Austrian cattle. Samples from the four oldest cattle on 2757 farms were collected according to a specific sampling schedule for this epidemiological study. District, age and breed of animals were included as variables in this study. For antibody screening against M. avium subspecies paratuberculosis, a modified, commercially available ELISA (ALLIED Monitors, Fayette, USA) was employed. A total of 2253 samples that were found to be positive or questionable were subjected to further testing with a more specific ELISA (Institute of Microbiology and Infectious Animal Diseases). Results of this study were used for statistical analysis. The average prevalence of antibodies to M. avium subspecies paratuberculosis was 1.99 % in Austria. The highest prevalence was seen in 6-year-old cattle (2.84 %) and Holstein Frisian cattle (3.51 %). Sero-positive animals were found on 6.96 % of farms tested, and the prevalence was highest in Vorarlberg, followed by Salzburg, the Tyrol, Styria and Carinthia. This study is unique in Europe in the use of an adequate random sampling plan for an investigation of this magnitude. 相似文献
3.
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of Johne's disease or paratuberculosis, a chronic enteritis of ruminants. While Johne's disease is primarily expressed in the gastrointestinal tract, isolation of MAP from extra-intestinal tissues indicates that microbial dissemination via the haematogenous route may occur during the infection. This study examined the movement of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) infected with MAP and the dissemination of MAP following mycobacteraemia induced by IV inoculation over a time frame of 3 days. 相似文献
4.
Rienske A.R. Mortier Herman W. Barkema Karin Orsel Gregory P. Muench Janet M. Bystrom Oscar Illanes Jeroen De Buck 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2015,56(12):1266-1270
Five calves were inoculated orally at 2 weeks of age with a dose of 5 × 109 colony-forming units of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) on 2 consecutive days. Two calves developed clinical Johne’s disease at 12 and 16 months of age after being consistently positive for MAP on fecal culture and antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), starting 2 to 3 weeks and 4 to 5 months after inoculation, respectively. 相似文献
5.
Taneli Tirkkonen Timo Nieminen Terhi Ali-Vehmas Olli AT Peltoniemi Gerard J Wellenberg Jaakko Pakarinen 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2013,55(1):26
Background
Mycobacterioses in animals cause economical losses and certain Mycobacterium avium subspecies are regarded as potential zoonotic agents. The evaluation of the zoonotic risk caused by M. avium subspecies requires information about the quantities of Mycobacterium strains in infected animals. Because M. avium subspecies in pig tissues are difficult or even impossible to quantify by culturing, we tested the suitability of a culture-independent real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay for this purpose.Methods
Mycobacterial DNA was extracted from porcine tissues by a novel method and quantified by Mycobacterium genus specific qPCR assay targeting the 16S rRNA gene.Results
The response of the qPCR assay to the amount of M. avium subspecies avium mixed with porcine liver was linear in the range of approximately log105 to log107Mycobacterium cells per 1 g of liver. The assay was validated with three other M. avium subspecies strains. When the assay was applied to porcine lymph nodes with or without visible lesions related to Mycobacterium avium subspecies infections, around 104–107 mycobacterial genomes per gram of lymph nodes were detected.Conclusions
The qPCR assay was found to be suitable for the quantification of Mycobacterium avium subspecies in porcine lymph nodes and liver. 相似文献6.
Murrah buffaloes, best breed for milk production are native of Haryana state. They contributes significantly to the farmer’s income, livelihood and food (milk and meat) security, in the semi-tropical regions of North India. Johne’s disease though endemic in the domestic livestock of the country, but reports are not available in the buffaloes suffering from morbidity due to progressive weakness and diarrhoea. We estimated the status of JD in diarrhoeic buffaloes and cattle reporting at Veterinary Clinical Complex of Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India, using conventional, serological and PCR assays.141 buffaloes suffering from chronic diarrhoea were screened to estimate sero-prevalence of MAP and 50.0 % young and 53.52 % adult animals were positive. Of 14 cattle screened, none of the young and 66.6 % adult cows were positive. In buffaloes, 66.1 and 6.77 %, fecal samples were positive in microscopy and IS900 PCR, respectively. Sero-prevalence of JD was very high in diarrhoeic buffaloes and cattle from Haryana state of India.Buffaloes positive for Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) infection had reduced total leukocyte count and lymphocytes. 相似文献
7.
Johne''s disease is a condition that refers to chronic granulomatous enteritis in ruminants. It is believed that survival and replication of Mycobacterium (M.) paratuberculosis in mononuclear phagocytes plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Johne''s disease. However, it is not clear how M. paratuberculosis survives for long time periods in mononuclear phagocytes, nor is it clear which factors trigger multiplication of these bacilli and result in the development of Johne''s disease. Investigating the intracellular fate of M. paratuberculosis is challenging because of its very slow growth (more than two months to form visible colonies on media). Existing animal models also have limitations. Despite those obstacles, there has been progress in understanding the intracellular survival tactics of M. paratuberculosis and the host response against them. In this review, we compare known aspects of the intracellular survival tactics of M. paratuberculosis with those of other mycobacterial species, and consider possible mycobactericidal mechanisms of mononuclear phagocytes. 相似文献
8.
Karen Stevenson 《Veterinary research》2015,46(1)
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map) is an important pathogen that causes a chronic, progressive granulomatous enteritis known as Johne’s disease or paratuberculosis. The disease is endemic in many parts of the world and responsible for considerable losses to the livestock and associated industries. Diagnosis and control are problematic, due mostly to the long incubation period of the disease when infected animals show no clinical signs and are difficult to detect, and the ability of the organism to survive and persist in the environment. The existence of phenotypically distinct strains of Map has been known since the 1930s but the genetic differentiation of Map strain types has been challenging and only recent technologies have proven sufficiently discriminative for strain comparisons, tracing the sources of infection and epidemiological studies. It is important to understand the differences that exist between Map strains and how they influence both development and transmission of disease. This information is required to develop improved diagnostics and effective vaccines for controlling Johne’s disease. Here I review the current classification of Map strain types, the sources of the genetic variability within strains, growth characteristics and epidemiological traits associated with strain type and the influence of strain type on infection and pathogenicity. 相似文献
9.
Johne's disease, caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis is endemic in the domestic livestock population, still it is not priority for control in the country. First time we used 'multiple assays’ for screening raw milk of 465 goats (farm/farmer's herds) to estimate bio-load and bio-type profile of bacilli. Each sample was screened by six tests and compared their sensitivity and specificity. Of 465 raw milk samples screened, bio-load of bacilli was 65.3% by six assays. Assay-wise bio-load was 49.4 and 62.7% in antigen and antibody detection tests, respectively. Bio-load was 48.8, 46.6, and 13.9% in Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test (i_FAT), microscopy and IS900 PCR and 39.1, 57.4 and 55.6% in Indirect Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbant Assay (i_ELISA), Dot Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbant Assay (d_ELISA) and Latex Agglutination Test (LAT), respectively. Dot-ELISA was most sensitive followed by LAT, i_FAT, microscopy and i_ELISA. Milk DNA samples positive in IS900 PCR on bio-typing using IS1311 PCR_ Restriction Enzyme Analysis (IS1311 PCR_REA) revealed, 72.3% (47/65) were 'Indian Bison Type'. Milk was easy to collect sample and first time we used 'whole milk' as 'test sample' without centrifugation. High bio-load of MAP in milk underlined need for urgent control of disease in lactating goatherds. Bacilli was important 'Milk born' infection and on the basis of sensitivity, specificity, resources and requirements, of the ‘six assays’ most appropriate assay/s (single or in combination) can be chosen for the screening and diagnosis of Johne’s disease in lactating goatherds using whole milk as sample. 相似文献
10.
K. Singh B. S. Chandel H. C. Chauhan A. Dadawala S. V. Singh P. K. Singh 《Veterinary research communications》2013,37(2):109-114
Therapeutic efficacy of a new ‘Indigenous vaccine’ prepared from native highly pathogenic ‘Indian Bison Type’ genotype of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) of goat origin has been evaluated with respect to control of clinical Johne’s disease in naturally infected Mehsana breed of goat in North Gujarat. Fifty goats from Sheep and Goats Research Station, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, were randomly divided into 2 groups viz.,‘Vaccinated’(n?=?35) and ‘Control’(n?=?15). After vaccination, goats were monitored for physical condition, morbidity, mortality, body weights, shedding of MAP in feces, internal condition, gross lesions and humoral immune responses up to 120 days (at each interval of 30 days). At the end of 120 days trial, there was marked overall improvement in physical condition and body weights of vaccinated goats as compared to ‘Control’ goats. Vaccinated goats gained significantly (P?<?0.05) higher body weights, hardly exhibited any lesions characteristic of JD, had significantly higher (P?<?0.01) antibody titers and shedding of MAP was significantly (P?<?0.01) reduced. Few of the vaccinated goats were positive for MAP DNA in faecal PCR and blood PCR before vaccination. However, all were found as negative at 120 days post vaccination (DPV). Overall vaccine exhibited effective in restriction of MAP infection and significant improvement in production parameters and reduction in mortality and morbidity due to JD. The trial in the herd will be continued. 相似文献
11.
Katrina L. Bower Douglas J. Begg Richard J. Whittington 《Veterinary microbiology》2011,147(1-2):127-132
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of Johne's disease or paratuberculosis, a chronic enteritis of ruminants, and has been suggested to play a role in Crohn's disease in humans. While Johne's disease is primarily expressed in the gastrointestinal tract, isolation of MAP from extra-intestinal tissues indicates that microbial dissemination via the haematogenous route may occur during the infection. Consequently, the occurrence of mycobacteraemia and dissemination to the liver and hepatic lymph node was investigated in 111 sheep. Disseminated infection was detected in 18 of the 53 sheep that were confirmed to be infected following oral exposure to MAP while the bacterium was isolated from the blood of only 4 of these animals. Disseminated infection was detected more frequently from animals with a positive compared to a negative faecal culture result, multibacillary compared to paucibacillary lesions, and clinical compared to subclinical disease. Detection of MAP in blood by culture was significantly associated with increased time post-exposure and clinical disease, with trends for increased detection in animals with multibacillary lesions and positive faecal culture results. Isolation of MAP from blood was difficult in the early stages of the disease and in paucibacillary animals as the bacteraemia may be intermittent, below the limit of detection or MAP may be present in a dormant non-culturable form. Prolonged incubation periods prior to growth in BACTEC were consistent with inhibition of growth or dormancy in some blood cultures. 相似文献
12.
G. H. Wentink V. P. M. G. Rutten F. H. J. Jaartsveld A. A. P. A. Zeeuwen P. J. S. van Kooten 《The Veterinary quarterly》2013,33(1):57-62
Summary Glucocorticoids were administered to 10 heifers suspected of subclinical infection with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. Three animals remained untreated. M. paratuberculosis was isolated from the internal organs of 2 animals after this treatment but not from any of the control group. Delayed type hypersensitivity and lymphocyte reactivity towards Johnin and purified protein derivates of M. avium and M. bovis were depressed. A sharp increase in total leucocyte count, due loan increase in neutrophil numbers, occurred. In the three untreated animals these parameters did not change during the experiment. A decrease of specific immunological reactivity towards M. paratuberculosis occurred, but not to such an extent that clinical disease developed. 相似文献
13.
Ulrike S. Sorge Jeremy Mount David F. Kelton Ann Godkin 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2010,51(4):403-405
A survey was conducted to assess the beliefs of veterinarians on Johne’s disease (JD) and their attitudes towards the Canadian, risk assessment based, JD prevention program. The veterinarians surveyed believed Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis may have zoonotic potential, liked the risk assessment based program, and thought it could lead to the prevention of other on-farm diseases. 相似文献
14.
Julius Boniface Okuni Manfred Reinacher Panayiotis Loukopoulos Lonzy Ojok 《Tropical animal health and production》2013,45(5):1197-1202
This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and characteristics of Johne’s disease (JD) lesions in Ugandan cattle slaughtered at two of the main abattoirs in Kampala. Ileocaecal junction and the associated lymph nodes of 1,022 cattle were examined for gross and microscopic lesions, followed by Ziehl Neelsen staining of the tissues bearing lesions. Confirmation of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection was done in some of the tissues using culture and IS900 PCR. The lesions were then described, characterised and tabulated. Characteristic Johne’s disease granulomas were found in 4.7% of the samples examined, derived from Zebu, Ankole longhorn, Friesian breeds of cattle and their crosses. Lesions were found both in the lymph nodes and ileocaecal junction mucosa. The lesions tended to be more severe in the lymph node than in the mucosa. There were also some unique and atypical lesions found in association with Johne’s disease granulomas. The diagnostic values of various gross lesions and criteria of lesion classifications and diagnosis are revisited and discussed based on the findings of this study. The prevalence of Johne’s disease lesions among slaughtered cattle in Kampala’s two abattoirs indicates that the disease is well established in the cattle population in the country. The diverse manifestations in lesions of JD need to be considered when making histological diagnosis in tissues where the disease is suspected. 相似文献
15.
Yamato SAJIKI Satoru KONNAI Reiko NAGATA Satoko KAWAJI Hayato NAKAMURA Sotaro FUJISAWA Tomohiro OKAGAWA Naoya MAEKAWA Yukinari KATO Yasuhiko SUZUKI Shiro MURATA Yasuyuki MORI Kazuhiko OHASHI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(2):162
Johne’s disease, caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), is a chronic enteritis of ruminants. Previous studies have shown that programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is associated with the disease progression, and PD-L1 blockade activates MAP-specific Th1 responses in vitro. Here, we performed anti-PD-L1 antibody administration using 2 MAP-infected cattle at the late subclinical stage of infection. After administration, bacterial shedding was reduced or maintained at a low level. Additionally, MAP-specific Th1 cytokine production was upregulated, and CD69 expression was increased in T cells. Collectively, the treatment has a potential as a novel control method against Johne’s disease. 相似文献
16.
M. Pradenas M.C. Jara N. Hernndez A. Zambrano M.T. Collins J. Kruze 《Veterinary microbiology》2009,138(3-4):378-383
Two liquid culture media to obtain secreted proteins of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis at different incubation periods were evaluated. Middlebrook 7H9-OADC (7H9) and Watson-Reid (WR) broths were inoculated with a field strain of M. paratuberculosis and growth curves determined using nonlinear regression analysis. Most culture filtrate (CF) proteins were of low molecular weight and reacted strongly against sera from cultured-positive cases of paratuberculosis. CF proteins obtained in WR yielded a higher number of bands and were detected earlier than those obtained from 7H9. A high degree of variability in CF protein immunoreactivity was seen among infected animals. Sera from cattle with clinical paratuberculosis or heavy fecal shedders of M. paratuberculosis reacted more intensively and to more CF proteins than did sera from other infected cattle. Immunoblots showed differences in antibody binding to CF proteins when sera were absorbed with M. avium but not with others environmental mycobacteria. Immunoblots with sera from infected goats and a sheep showed reactivity with proteins of 32, 33 and 46 kDa both before and after the sera were absorbed with M. phlei. Antibodies found in serum of infected deer reacted with CF proteins in a similar way as did for cattle. These results suggest that a pool of CF proteins of M. paratuberculosis could be good candidates as antigens for serodiagnosis of paratuberculosis. 相似文献
17.
Farhan Anwar Khan Zafar Iqbal Chaudhry Muhammad Ijaz Ali Shahid Khan Naima Mumtaz Ijaz Ahmad 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(4):633-638
Tissue samples were collected at random from cattle (Bos taurus) and buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) from an abattoir of the district of Lahore and were analyzed for the presence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis through acid-fast staining and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Body condition of animals and diarrhea were recorded. Most
of the animals were emaciated. Diarrhea was noticed in 15.6% of buffaloes and 19.2% of cattle. Intestinal pathology was observed
in 29% of buffaloes and 32.8% of cattle. Number of mesenteric lymph node (MLN) showing gross lesions was a bit higher (35.6%)
in cattle than buffalo (31.2%). Acid-fast staining of tissue scraping smears revealed the presence of acid-fast bacilli (AFB)
in 17.4% intestinal and 16.4% MLN tissue samples in buffalo, while in cattle 19.2% intestinal and 17.8% MLN were found positive
for AFB. In buffaloes, PCR confirmed 12.8% intestinal and 12.4% MLN positive samples for M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. However, in cattle, PCR analysis demonstrated 14.2% positive results for M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis in both MLN and intestinal tissue samples. PCR also confirmed M. bovis in 5.8% of cattle and 5% of buffalo MLN and intestinal tissues. PCR positive tissue samples for M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis were from those animals which were emaciated, having diarrhea, and severe gross lesions. AFB were also detected in tissue
scraping smears of these animals. It is concluded that infection by various mycobacterium species can be differentiated by
PCR, which is not possible by acid-fast staining technique. 相似文献
18.
Miguel Salgado Gustavo Monti Iker Sevilla Elizabeth Manning 《Tropical animal health and production》2014,46(7):1313-1316
Paratuberculosis has long been considered a disease of domestic and wild ruminants only. The known host range of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) was recently extended to include non-ruminant wildlife species believed to be exposed to spillover of MAP from infected domestic cattle herds. The aim of the present study was to assess the association between cattle herd MAP infection pressure level and the infection level of a hare population in two dairy farms of southern Chile. Fifty hares from a herd A and 42 hares from herd B were captured and sampled for MAP culture. The results showed a statistically significant association between the cattle herds’ infection prevalence and the hare infection prevalence. 相似文献
19.
Juyeon Lee Changjong Moon Jihoon Kim Chanwoo Jung Keun-Hwa Lee Hong-Gu Joo Meejung Ahn Taekyun Shin 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2009,10(3):177-180
The presence of galectin-3 was immunohistochemically quantified in bovine intestines infected with paratuberculosis (Johne''s disease) to determine whether galectin-3 was involved in the formation of granulation tissue associated with the disease. Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection was histochemically confirmed using Ziehl-Neelsen staining and molecularly diagnosed through rpoB DNA sequencing. Galectin-3 was detected in the majority of inflammatory cells, possibly macrophages, in the granulomatous lesions within affected tissues, including the ileum. These findings suggest that galectin-3 is associated with the formation of chronic granulation tissues in bovine paratuberculosis, probably through cell adhesion and anti-apoptosis mechanisms. 相似文献