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1.
论西南季节性干旱区节水型农作制度的构建 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从水资源开发利用面临的问题、季节性干旱的多发性、旱作农业的重要地位3个方面论述了西南地区发展节水型农作制度的必要性,并提出了构建西南季节性干旱区节水型农作制度的基本思路.即[1]以多熟种植为特色的高效节水种植模式;[2]以保土保水为重点的保护性耕作技术;[3]以水资源高效利用为重点的节水灌溉与集雨补灌技术;[4]以农业资源合理开发为重点的立体农业技术;[5]以提高农作物抗旱性能为重点的化学抗旱保水技术.Abstract： This paper discusses the necessity of developing a water-saving farming system in southwest China from three aspects,i.e.,the problems in the exploitation and utilization of water resources,the high frequency of seasonal droughts,and the importance of dryland farming.Furthermore,some basic ideas on the establishment of a water-saving farming system in the seasonal drought regions of southwest China are proposed,including the highly efficient water-saving planting patterns characterized by multiple cropping,the conservative tillage technology focusing on water and soil conservation,the rain-collecting and watersaving irrigation technology emphasizing effective utilization of water resource,the stereoscopic agriculture technology centering on rational exploitation of agricultural resources,and the chemical drought-resistance and water-conservation technlogy with the improvement of drought tolerance of the crop as the key link. 相似文献
2.
《农业工程技术:农产品加工》2009,(4):34-34
为了认真贯彻落实《国务院办公厅关于加快推进农作物秸秆综合利用的意见》（国办发[2008]105号）、《国家发展改革委、农业部关于印发编制秸秆综合利用规划的指导意见的通知》（发改环资[2009]378号）、《农业部办公厅关于印发全国农作物秸秆资源调查与评价工作方案的通知》（农办科[2009]7号）和《内蒙古自治区农牧业厅关于开展农作物秸秆资源调查与评价工作的通知》（内农牧科发[2009]73号）文件精神, 相似文献
3.
运用Pearson分层聚类分析方法,对重庆市40个区县的土地利用现状数据进行聚类分析,将重庆市分为五大土地利用类型区:工业集中区、农业优势区、外围产业区、农林混合区、林业生态区.结果表明:工业集中区、农业优势区及林业生态区在土地利用结构上存在明显的地域差异;相对于林业生态区,同属典型山区的农林混合区土地开发利用程度明显较高;农业优势区的土地集约利用程度比外围产业区的要高.Abstract： Based on Pearson hierarchical clustering analysis of the available data of land-use in 40 counties/districts of Chongqing, five major types of land-use zones are identified: main industrial zone, agriculturedominated zone, peripheral industrial zone, agriculture-forestry mixed zone and forestry ecological zone.Distinct geographical differences exist in the structure of land use among the main industrial zone, the agriculture-dominated zone and the forestry ecological zone. Compared with the forestry ecological zone, the agriculture-forestry mixed zone has a markedly higher degree of land development and utilization, though both zones belong to the typical mountain area. The agriculture-dominated zone has more intensive use ofland than the peripheral industrial zone. 相似文献
4.
黑龙江垦区农作物秸秆综合利用评估报告 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
<正>黑龙江垦区积极贯彻落实《国务院办公厅关于加快推进农作物秸秆综合利用的意见》(国办发[2008]105号)文件精神,加快推进秸秆综合利用,实现秸秆的资源化、商品化,逐步形成秸秆资源开发利用的良性循环,减少了秸秆露天焚烧问题,促进了垦区经济社会持续、协调发展。改善了居民生产生活条件,增加了农民收入,保护了生态环境。截至2012年垦区农作物秸秆综合利用率达72%,规划到2015年农作物秸秆综合利 相似文献
5.
秸秆成型加工技术的试验研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
介绍了"环模旋转秸秆成型机"的秸秆成型块试验,分析了麦秸在不同成型腔长度和环模转速条件下,麦秸含水率与成型块密度、生产率、成型率和单位能耗的关系,找出了适合麦秸成型块的成型腔长度、环模转速和原料含水率的范围,并对秸秆成型块进行了成本分析,证实了生产秸秆成型块具有一定的经济效益.试验使用自行研制的"环模旋转秸秆成型机",该机对秸秆的含水率、长度等条件的适应范围较宽,适合四川农村现有农业生产规模和秸秆的收集半径,经济可行且适宜在农村分散设点就地加工使用.Abstract： This paper reports an experiment of Rotary Ring-molded Machine of Compressed Biomass Blocks, analyzes the relationship between moisture content of wheat straw and density of compressed blocks, productivity, compression rate and unit energy consumption under the conditions of different length of compression chamber and different velocity of rotary ring-mold. The findings on appropriate range of length of compression chamber, velocity of rotary ring-mold and moisture content of wheat straw, as well as analyses of cost of block compression are presented. It proves that production of compressed bio-mass blocks is profitable to some extent. The Rotary Ring-molded Machine of Compressed Biomass Blocks, used in this experiment, is developed and manufactured by the author and her research team. This machine shows adaptability for wide range of moisture content of wheat straw and length of chopped straw, and is suitable for the scale of agricultural production in rural areas in Sichuan Province. It can be set up for straw treatment and is feasible in economy in consideration of collection distance of biomass in sparse-populated rural areas. 相似文献
6.
《农业科学与技术》2013,(10):1471-1475,1516
[Objective] The paper was to study regularity of pesticide residues in veg- etables produced in Inner Mongolia. [Method] Mathematical statistic analysis was carried out on 6 800 samples of veggies, fruits, leguminous vegetables, nuts and seeds produced in Inner Mongolia. [Result] The dominated vegetables in Inner Mon- golia were green leafy vegetables, solanaceous vegetables and melon vegetables, and their yields accounted for 70% of the total vegetables production. Since 2003, with the rapid increase of detected vegetable numbers, the status of vegetable qual- ity safety had entered into a new stage of sustainable steady after a rapid decline or periodic fluctuation, and the differences in safety levels were obvious, of which the range of exceeding standard rate of pesticide residues in solanaceous vegeta- bles, melon vegetables and leguminous vegetables （about 55% of the total vegeta- bles） was under 2%, with average values of 1.1%, 1.6% and 3.1%, respectively. They belonged to stable type. The exceeding standard rate of pesticide residues in green leafy vegetables and Chinese cabbage group （about 30% of total vegetables） presented a decreasing trend year by year, wondering in the range of 7%-10%. They belonged to main risk type. The time period of exceeding standard of pesticide residues in root vegetables and cole vegetables was under predictable, and its ex- ceeding standard rate in some years was over 5% （amplitude variation is over 15 percentage points）. They belonged to random risk type. The kinds of pesticides, which exceeding standard rate in vegetables were relatively intensive, presented vari- ance in different vegetable species. 70% of the pesticides belonged to intermittent over-limits and the probability was below 5%. About 20% tradition pesticides often exceeded standard and their probabilities were over 30%. The exceeding standard of organophosphorus and carbamates pesticides in vegetables presented a decreasing tend, while the risk of some new pesticides containing nitrogen element and high effective pyrethroids showed an increasing tendency. [Conclusion] The paper provid- ed decision making services for agricultural management departments. 相似文献
7.
为认真贯彻落实国务院办公厅《关于加快推进农作物秸秆综合利用的意见》（国办发[2008]105号）,加快推进农作物秸秆资源化利用,消除秸秆焚烧造成的环境污染和交通安全隐患,2008年,山东省财政在农业生物质能源产业提升工程中安排部分资金,继续对农作物秸秆综合利用项目进行扶持,这对改善农村生态环境、促进广大农民增收具有重要作用。根据山东省财政厅有关文件,具体内容如下： 相似文献
8.
[目的]在SAS环境下,运用灰色系统理论对陕西省农作物秸秆可收集量进行预测。[方法]以草谷比和可收集系数估算2005—2015年陕西省农作物秸秆可收集量。以农村就业人口、农作物播种面积、农用化肥施用量和农业机械总动力作为影响农作物秸秆可收集量的4个主要因素进行灰色关联度分析。在SAS环境下,利用GM(1,1)灰色模型和基于GM(1,1)的多元回归模型对2016—2020年的陕西农作物秸秆可收集量进行预测,并对模型精度与误差进行分析比较。[结果]基于GM(1,1)的多元回归模型预测精度高于GM(1,1)模型的精度,较准确预测了2016—2020年陕西农作物秸秆的可收集量。[结论]准确预测农作物秸秆可收集量可为政府开展农业面源污染防治、提高秸秆综合利用提供强有力的数据支撑。 相似文献
9.
农作物秸秆是发展农村多种经营,发展生态农业,实现农业可持续发展的重要资源.目前我国农作物秸秆主要用作农村能源、养殖业饲料和还田.在工业利用方面,由于可供造纸的木材资源短缺,我国造纸工业形成了以草木并举的原料格局.因此,发展农作物秸秆的工业利用要注重农业生态,因地制宜、科学规划,适度利用.最后,提出了控制秸秆露天焚烧的措施. 相似文献
10.
[Objective] The experiment aimed to study the difference of water physiology of male and female Ginkgo biloba L. for discussing the strategy of water utilization as well as the important role of this difference during evolution process. [Method] The stem sap flow, stomatal conductance(Gs), transpiration rate(Tr) and water use efficiency (WUE) of male and female Ginkgo biloba L. were comparatively studied. [Result] The day-night processes of flow on male and female Ginkgo biloba L. were similar. The flow on male and female Ginkgo biloba L. in day were almost same while the flow at night on male Ginkgo biloba L. was bigger than that on female Ginkgo biloba L. The Tr and Gs of male and female Ginkgo biloba L. were high in morning and at night but low at noon ,while Tr and Gs of female Ginkgo biloba L. in morning and at night were higher than these of male Ginkgo biloba L. at the same time point. However, these indexes of female plant were lower than these of male plant from 11:00 to 14:00. WUE changing trends of male and female Ginkgo biloba L. were similar, while average water utilization rate of female Ginkgo biloba L. was slightly lower than that of male Ginkgo biloba L. [Conclusion] Compared with other companion plants, water physiology of male and female Ginkgo biloba L. had strong homoplasy. The phenomenon might be a survival strategy of dioecious plants under long term evolutionary pressure. 相似文献
11.
[目的]正确评价西安市主要农作物秸秆资源量及其分布特性,充分认识西安市秸秆资源的开发潜力。[方法]以草谷比法为基础方法,对西安市主要农作物秸秆资源进行全面系统的估算,并分析各区县秸秆资源量分布。[结果]2015年西安市主要农作物秸秆理论资源量211.93万t,可收集资源量为175.95万t,可能源化利用量为149.55万t,可转化能源量82.35万t标准煤;小麦秸秆量占总量的55.4%,玉米秸秆占总量的43.6%,棉花、油菜占总量的1.0%。临潼、长安、户县的秸秆资源量分布较大,分别占比为18.0%、19.0%、17.0%。西安市年平均秸秆的化石能源替代量88.83万t,全部转化为经济价值相当于节约5.49亿元的煤炭消耗。[结论]该研究可为西安市秸秆资源的综合利用提供借鉴。 相似文献
12.
各省、自治区、直辖市、计划单列市财政厅（局）,新疆生产建设兵团财务局：为加快推进秸秆能源化利用,培育秸秆能源产品应用市场,根据《中华人民共和国可再生能源法》、《国务院办公厅关于加快推进农作物秸秆综合利用的意见》（国办发[2008]105号）、《财政部关于印发（可再生能源发展专项资金管理暂行办法）的通知》（财建[2006]237号）,中央财政将安排资金支持秸秆产业化发展。为加强财政资金管理,提高资金使用效益,我们制定了《秸秆能源化利用补助资金管理暂行办法》, 相似文献
13.
我国夏季降水类型初探（英文） 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
LI Luan 《（《农业科学与技术》）编辑部》2008,(1)
[Objective] Study on the spatial distribution of summer precipitation patterns and interannual and interdecadal variability.[Method] The summer precipitation patterns were obtained from standard field of summer precipitation data for 160 observation stations in China during 1951-2000 by the utilization of empirical orthogonal function(EOF),and characteristics of interannual and interdecadal variability were analyzed.[Result] The summer precipitation mainly distributes in eastern part of China;The 1st,2nd and 3rd EOF modes of spatial distribution are especially remarkable as well consistent with the results of previous reports about three rainfall patterns from analysis on the percentages of precipitation anomaly of summer.[Conclusion] There exists interannual and interdecadal variability for summer precipitation in China. 相似文献
14.
四川白鹅白细胞介素-2基因的克隆及生物信息学分析(英文) 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
[Objective] The study aimed to clone interleukin-2(IL-2) gene from Sichuan white goose. [Method] Based on the IL-2 gene of duck accessed in GenBank, a pair of primers was designed for cloning IL-2 gene from total RNA of peripheral blood lymphocytes of Sichuan white goose stimulated by ConA via RT-PCR technology. The yielded fragment was sequenced for bioinformatics analysis. [Result] The full length of IL-2 gene of Sichuan white goose is 468 bp that contains a 441 bp open reading frame(ORF), encoding 146 amino acid residues. Bioinformatics analysis shows that the amino acid sequence of IL-2 gene of Sichuan white goose contains four phosphorylation sites, a glycosylation site and a signal peptide with 21 amino acid residues. Homologies of IL-2 nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence between Sichuan white goose and duck, chicken, turkey are 92.7%, 77.5%, 78.2% and 85.8%, 65.5%, 64.1%, respectively. By contrast IL-2 nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence between Sichuan white goose and mammalian and rodents such as human, monkey, rat, bovine, horse, pig, cat, mouse, rabbit and deer, are all less than 45% and 28%, respectively. [Conclusion] The IL-2 gene of Sichuan white goose has closer genetic relationship with those of chicken and duck. 相似文献
15.
Saudi Arabia has achieved extensive development and expansion in agriculture sector and achieved self sufficiency in a number of agricultural crops including wheat, fodders, dates, some vegetables and fruits. Considering the future growing need for food and water, government of Saudi Arabia has formulated and implemented a number of policy reforms for conservation, optimal utilization and sustainable development of natural resources of the Kingdom. The present study focuses on potential future impacts on natural resources conservations and strategic planning due to recent policy reforms （Council of Ministers （CoM） on Water Resources Management and Conservation （Decision No. 335）） issued on September 2008. The modeling of wheat agriculture was performed based on detailed analysis of water application practices in wheat growing regions/districts and future projection of wheat irrigation in context of recent government water resources conservation strategy. The results clearly indicated a significant positive impact will be occurred in terms of huge relief on highly stressed and limited national strategic groundwater resources. The present study estimated a saving and conservation of more than 51.0 billion cubic meters （BCM） of non-renewable groundwater resources during next 11 years. 相似文献
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17.
《农业科学与技术》2013,(10):1486-1490,1494
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the optimal technology for en- zymolysis of jeUyfish brain protein by bromefain. [Method] Effects of enzymolysis temperature, the amount of added enzyme, solid/liquid ratio, enzymolysis time and pH on the enzymolysis of total protein were investigated through single factor ex- periments, and some technical parameters were optimized by orthogonal experi- ments. [Result] The results revealed that enzymolysis temperature of 55℃, the amount of added enzyme of 4 000 U/g, solid/liquid ratio of 1：4, the amount of added enzyme time for 5 h and pH 7 were the optimal combination of parameters for the enzymolysis; the average degree of hydrolysis obtained from the verification tests was 36.9%, indicating that the optimized results of the orthogonal experiment were credible. [Conclusion] This study provides the optimized conditions reliable theo- retical foundation and technical support for the exploitation and utilization of jellyfish resources as medicines or functional food in China. 相似文献
18.
《农业科学学报》2015,(11)
Pesticides have been an essential part of agriculture to protect crops and livestock from pest infestations and yield reduction for many decades. Despite their usefulness,pesticides could pose potential risks to food safety and the environment as well as human health. This paper reviews the positive benefits of agricultural pesticide use as well as some potential negative impacts on the environment and food safety. In addition,using the case of California,we discuss the need for both residue monitoring and effective pest management to promote food safety. Twenty years' pesticide residue data from California's pesticide residue monitoring program were analyzed. Results showed that more than 95% of food samples were in compliance with US pesticide residue standards(tolerances). However,certain commodities from certain sources had high percentages of residues above tolerance levels. Even when residues above tolerance levels were detected,most were at levels well below 1 mg kg–1,and most posed negligible acute health risk. However,a few detected residues had the potential to cause health effects. Therefore,establishing an effective food residue monitoring program is important to ensure food quality throughout the marketplace. 相似文献
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