共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 625 毫秒
1.
2.
1996年林业工作的主要成绩是：林业的地位有了明显提高；全面绿化进程加快，造林营林质量大提高；高效林业建设和丘岗山地开发来势好；林业产业化建设力度加大；森林资源保护管理进一步加强；科教兴林工作稳步发展；林业改革迈出新的步伐；林业对外开放取得新成绩；林业机构和职工队伍保持了稳定；行业精神文明建设形势越来越好。1997年全省林业l二作的指导思想是；全面贯彻落实党的十四届五中、六中全会精神，深化林业体制改革，扩大对外开放．加快全面绿化步伐，加大结构调整力度，加强以丘岗山地开发和高效林业建设为主要内容的林业产业… 相似文献
3.
阐述了高效林业的科学内涵，特点，与可持续发展林业关系，系统分析了江西林业建设现状，提出高效林业建设目标和重点；找出发展高效林业和有利和不利因素；并分别林业生态环境建设，森林资源培育业，林产工业，第三产业及深化林业改革方面提出高效林业建设的对策。 相似文献
4.
德国林业以私有制为主体，在社会市场经济体制下逐步建立了一套完整的科学管理体系，法律法规健全，产权制度严谨，做到依法管理林业、以森林可持续发展理论和近自然经营森林的理念，来巩固和发展林业，本文针对我国林业发展现状，提出了要加大政府对林业的扶持力量；建立林业产权保护制度；林业部门要注重发展乡土造林树种；大力营造混交林和城市森林，充分发挥森林休闲功能。 相似文献
5.
全面评价了陕西省林业发展的形势和近年来林业工作的主要成绩，提出了今后一段时期全省林业工作的任务和没想：必须把林业建设放在更加突出的位置，把林业建设作为推动生态建设、维护生态安全、促进生态文明的首要任务。要不断努力工作争取国家投资；认真实施国家林业重点工程；抓好科教兴林、依法治林两件大事；继续深化林业改革；加快林业产业化步伐。 相似文献
6.
即将过去的一年，是我国林业建设至为关键的一年，是具有里程碑意义的一年。在这一年，完成了中国可持续发展林业战略研究，为党中央、国务院决策林业提供了科学的依据；在这一年，作出了《中共中央国务院关于加快林业发展的决定》，形成了新形势下指导林业加快发展的路线方针政策；在这一年，召开了全国林业工作会议，部署了当前和今后一段时期的林业工作； 相似文献
7.
稳定与发展是林业的两大主题。林业稳定，就是林区秩序要稳定，林业管理有条不紊；林业发展，就是要增加造林面积和森林蓄积量，提高林业效益。要振兴我区林业，就必须处理好稳定与发展的关系；稳定是发展的基础，没有林业的稳定，就没有林业的发展。我区林业实践证明，什么时候注重了稳定与发展的辩证关系，林业就会出现新的局面；什么时候忽视了两者的辩证关系，林业就会出问题，走弯路。过去由于有些地方重采轻选，重造轻管；只讲林业面向市场，不讲木材是特殊商品，致使森林资源破坏严重。树砍光了，但是人还是没有富起来。历史的教训值… 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
林业系统生产力是林业生态系统最本质的特征之一。为此提出了对林业系统生产力量化的必要性、目的和意义；阐述了林业系统生产力的构成及其相互关系，进而提出量化方法；实例分析了我国不同地区的林业生产力水平，最后进行了聚类分析。 相似文献
11.
Rafael Moreno-Sanchez Juan Manuel Torres-Rojo Francisco Moreno-Sanchez Sue Hawkins Justin Little Susan McPartland 《林业研究》2012,23(4):529-541
Forest managers and policy makers increasingly demand to have access to estimates of forest fragmentation,human accessibility to forest areas and levels of anthropogenic pressure on the remaining forests to integrate them into monitoring systems,management and conservation plans.Forest fragmentation is defined as the breaking up of a forest unit,where the number of patches and the amount of expose edge increase while the amount of core area decreases.Forest fragmentation studies in Mexico have been limited to local or regional levels and have concentrated only on specific forest types.This paper presents an assessment of the fragmentation of all forest types at the national level,their effective proximity to anthropogenic influences,and the development of an indicator of anthropogenic pressure on the forests areas.Broadleaf forests,tropical evergreen forests and tropical dry deciduous forests show the greatest fragmentation.Almost half(47%) of the tropical forests are in close effective proximity to anthropogenic influences and only 12% of their area can be considered isolated from anthropogenic influences.The values for the temperate forests are 23% and 29% respectively.Anthropogenic pressure in the immediate vicinity of anthropogenic activities is much higher in the tropical forests(75 in a scale 0-100) than in the temperate forests(30).When considering these results jointly,the tropical forests,and more specifically,the tropical evergreen forests and tropical dry deciduous forests are under the greatest pressure and risks of degradation. 相似文献
12.
澳大利亚国土面积为768万km2,林地面积占国土面积的13.8%。森林主要分布在东南沿海一窄长地区。该国经营林业的战略是:以发挥森林的生态环境利用为主。澳国将全国林地面积的77%划为环保林,其中501万ha划为森林保护区和国家森林公园。天然成熟林实行凭证定量采伐。与此同时,大力发展速生优质人工林。其主要树种为辐射松和南洋杉,并以此代替低产的桉树林。目前占林地总面积2%的人工林,其采伐量已占全国采伐量的40%。在经营强度上,人工林大于天然林。扩大林业经济效益的主要途径是发展纸浆和造纸工业。澳大利亚把在一定时期内保持林产品进口,作为保存、发展本国森林资源的保护战略。 相似文献
13.
本文着重论述了日本国有林的发展阶段及其经营管理的5个特点和经验:(1)确定了发挥森林多种效益的战略指导思想;(2)健全法制,依法治林;(3)建立一套科学的森林计划体系;(4)有一个稳定的林业管理体制;(5)采取扶持政策。最后,对日本国有林今后的发展进行了展望。 相似文献
14.
人工林和天然林的比较评价 总被引：23，自引：3，他引：20
对人工林和天然林的生态学和林学特性进行了比较和分析。指出天然林对病虫害的抵抗能力强,能持久地生产木材和发挥多重效益,并与很多物种的生存有密切关系。因人工林多样性低,稳定性差,轮伐期短,集约栽培的工业人工林尽管速生,但对地力消耗大,若没有优越的土地条件和额外的施肥,生产力将不能持久。提出我国应实行人工林和天然林并重的方针,要对大量发展工业人工林可能产生的隐患给予重视,要对已保存不多的原始林实行不改变林相的经营方式,避免将它们大面积地改变为人工林的作法。 相似文献
15.
Dry deciduous forests of the eastern lateritic part of India are a typical case where forest valuation is yet to be integrated with the non-timber forest products like wild edible mushrooms (WEMs), which have a wide use in subsistence and cash income. A detailed accounting of the production and utilization of WEMs harvested from that region was made to highlight the economic worth of WEMs to the Santal community of this region. The WEMs production in the forest was in a polynomial pattern during the monsoon period. The net present value of revenues from WEMs was estimated to be contributing 9.83 and 10.29 % of total annual income of a Santal family of the Choupahari and Gonpur forests, respectively. The ecological footprint of the Santal communities on WEMs was higher in the forest area which was closer to the local markets than did the distant ones. Forest areas of the eastern lateritic part of India have a strong potentiality to produce WEMs that may be helpful for socio-economic upliftment of local tribal communities through the development of entrepreneurship and policy making. 相似文献
16.
工业化国家林业产业当前面临的主要问题是环境污染对大面积森林构成的严重危胁和对分散的私有林无法进行现代化经营。此外,尚有财政危机和某些国家的林产品过度依赖进口等问题。在90年代,甚至更长的时期内,发达国家林业产业政策的调整方向是,保护和改造现有林,通过实施分类经营战略发挥森林的多种效益,兼用行政和经济手段引导私有林的发展,进一步调整林产品结构和大力发展木材培育业。 相似文献
17.
18.
Malian Forest Service activities and policies have evolved since the beginning of colonialism under the assumption that forests and their products are the property of the government. Today the importance of involving local people in forest management is recognized. The purpose of this research was to determine the range of non-timber forest products local people use either for direct consumption or for income generation and to identify the trees/shrubs that yield these products in natural forests, fallow lands and crop fields. A gender analysis of the data was also conducted. The data were collected from face-to-face structured interviews using open-ended questions of 92 randomly sampled households in six Malian villages. One-half of the interviews were conducted with women and the other half were with men. The study identified 55 different non-timber forest products produced by 108 plant species. Almost all (99%) of the products identified are used for personal consumption, whereas 68% of the products are also used to generate income. Products such as firewood, leaves for sauces, shea nuts for oil/butter, seeds for condiments and nuts/seeds for soap are the most frequently mentioned products collected by women. Different categories of products like utensils/house materials, animal feed and construction materials (thatch, poles, mats) are the products most frequently collected by men. Ninety percent of the products collected are found in the natural forests; 63% are collected from trees on fallow lands and 51% from scattered trees in crop fields. Forest Service support of villagers using non-timber forest products would create an economic relationship between the forest and the local people. This is essential for the protection of the forest because people will safeguard their interests. 相似文献
19.
20.
Gbadebo Jonathan Osemeobo 《Small-Scale Forestry》2005,4(3):343-357
A survey was conducted to obtain information about the use of forest products by rural women for sustaining food and financial
security at household level in the Nigerian rainforest zone. Data analysis reveals that the rural women are heavily engaged
in harvesting, processing and marketing of forest products; collection of forest products is a specialised activity based
on acquired skills and an ecological knowledge of the forests; and collection of medicinal plants is shrewd in secrecy and
involves the performance of rituals. Net income generated from natural forests by rural women in the study area varies from
about N23,000 to N113,080 per household per season. Forest regeneration has received little attention from both the rural
communities and government and this tends to undermine sustained use of the forests. 相似文献