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Yulien Miguelez-Sierra Annia Hernández-Rodríguez Yanelis Acebo-Guerrero Marie Baucher Mondher El Jaziri 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2017,92(1):25-30
This study aimed to evaluate in vitro grafting of Theobroma cacao where seedlings of the UF 677 genotype were used as the rootstock and apices or axillary buds of a Trinitarian genotype were used as scion. Three methods of grafting using scions from seedlings were evaluated. Apical grafts using apex and side grafts using apex displayed better graft success (95 and 80%, respectively). However, side grafts using axillary buds reached a greater height on average and a higher number of leaves per plant (1.76 cm and 3.72, respectively). Histological studies revealed new vascular elements at the graft union area. Side grafts with axillary buds provided the highest survival rate (82%) after the acclimatization step. A shoot of at least 1 cm with two leaves is required for plant survival after transfer to ex vitro conditions. Side grafting was carried out with axillary buds from adult trees and nursery plants. Only the grafts with buds from nursery grafted plants were successful, with a rate of 26%. Overall, side grafting with axillary buds is the most appropriate method for cacao micrografting. This method can be used for clonal propagation and for the establishment of in vivo and/or in vitro cacao germplasm collection. 相似文献
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D. J. Ponsonby S. H. Mantell 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(3):463-475
A successful technique was developed for micrograftirig resting-bud and growing-tip scions of three Picea spp. (P. abies (L.) Karst, P. pungens f. glauca (Regel) Beissn. (and its clone ‘Koster’) and P. sitchensis Bong) on P. pungens f. glauca and P. sitchensis rootstocks. In vitro rootstock production under both sterile and non-sterile conditions and micrografting using two types of graft (apical and side) are described. Both types of graft were equally successful although apical grafts were preferred since the additional operation of removing at four to five weeks the epicotyl above the graft following union was unnecessary. Culture medium strength was found to affect micrografting success rates: 1/3- strength B5 medium with 2% (w/v) sucrose giving the best results. Antioxidant additives applied to the micrograft unions were found to reduce significantly union success rates whilst the physiological age of scions used had no effect on graft union successes. A modified micrografting method was developed from which preliminary results indicated that high success rates are possible. The method is suitable for attempts to rejuvenate mature bud materials of these important ornamental and forest conifers by serial grafting. 相似文献
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A positive correlation existed between the development of shoot and root systems of ‘Mirandy’ roses. Scions bench-chip-budded below rootstock lateral shoots were inhibited by apical dominance. Inhibition of scion apices was overcome by pruning the top of each rootstock above the graft. Rootstock axillary buds were necessary for adequate initial root-system establishment, but should be eliminated early in the growth cycle to maximize scion development of rose bushes and reduce field production time. 相似文献
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Clonal propagation of cherimoya via micropropagation is known to be problematic and its difficulty varies depending on the cultivar used. In order to improve the micropropagation process, the use of successive micrografting was applied to three cherimoya cultivars: ‘Fino de Jete’, ‘Bonita’ and ‘Pazicas’. Grafting nodal tissue onto a rootstock derived from ‘Fino de Jete’ juvenile material improved bud sprouting significantly in all tested cultivars. Rooting of sprouted shoots from non-grafted nodal tissue was extremely poor, however, shoots derived from explants after 1–3 consecutive micrografts displayed enhanced rooting. While ‘Fino de Jete’ and ‘Bonita’ shoots displayed 50% of rooting after two micrografts, Pazicas cultivar shoots required three micrografts to reach this percentage. Rooting was maximum after three micrografts, with 70%, 60% and 50% of rooting for ‘Fino de Jete’, ‘Bonita’ and ‘Pazicas’ shoots, respectively. Rooted plantlets were mycorrhized and acclimatized under greenhouse conditions and displayed a high rate of survival (90–100%) for all cultivars, indicating that the micrografting technique could also have an effect on the acclimation of plants. 相似文献
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《Scientia Horticulturae》2002,92(2):177-182
A successful micrografting technique in cashew was developed using in vitro germinated seedlings as rootstocks and axenic shoot cultures (shoot-tip and nodal cultures) established from mature tree source as microscions. In vitro germinated seedlings, which emerged 20–25 days after inoculation on absorbent cotton, were decapitated and used as rootstock. Mature tree explants initiated on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Physiol. Plant. 15 (1962) 473] (MS) modified medium were made into scion of 3–15 mm length for grafting. Micrografts could be easily cultured on hormone-free liquid half-MS medium and were potted out after 10–12 weeks of culture growth. Grafting success was dependent on the method of grafting and size of the scion. Shoot-tip grafting and side grafting were equally successful (79.5–100%). Length of scion shoot had significant effect on micrografting success. Graft success was high (79.5%) when the scion length was >5 mm and it was less (0.5%) when size of scion was small (3–5 mm). Scion presoaked in either water or 0.01% ascorbic acid and 0.015% citric acid (1:1) reduced phenolic browning and drying of scion. Micrografting techniques standardized could be used for rejuvenation of shoot explants of mature tree. 相似文献
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S. Mukhopadhyay Jaishree Rai B. C. Sharma Anita Gurung R. K. Sengupta P. S. Nath 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(3):493-499
SummaryMicropropagation of Darjeeling orange (Darjeeling mandarin) was done by shoot-tip grafting on the local rootstocks rough lemon, sour orange and Rangpur lime. Seedlings of these plants were raised in MS medium in standard conditions of temperature, light duration and plant age. Microbuds (0.2 mm long), aseptically excised from the scion, were grafted onto the decapitated rootstock seedlings. The micrografts in culture medium were grown under standard lighting. Rootstock seedlings showed optimum growth at 25–30°C. Optimum growth of the micrografts resulted from treatment in complete darkness for 4 d after grafting followed by exposure to 750 W for 16 h d?1 for 15 d and 1500–2000 W for 16 h d?1 for 39 d. The success of micrografting depended on the age of the rootstock seedling which was 21 d, 14 d and 14 d for sour orange, rough lemon and Rangpur lime respectively. The micrografts were then double grafted to the two year old rootstocks seedlings of the respective species and the age of the micrografts for the successful double grafts was also standardized. The survival rate was high with 40 d, 45 d and 45 d micrografts on sour orange, rough lemon and Rangpur lime respectively. The double-grafts were then indexed for tristeza virus and greening disease after six months’ growth in an insect-proof screenhouse and found to be free from these graft transmissible diseases. 相似文献
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The success of various in vitro micrografting techniques, establishment of the rootstock, size of the microscion, and the effects of culture medium on the grafted seedling development for almond cultivars “Ferragnes” and “Ferraduel” were studied. In vitro germinated wild almond seedlings developed from seeds were used as rootstocks. Shoot culture initiation was successfully achieved from the above almond cultivars by culturing mature shoot tips from forced nodal buds, about 3–5 mm, on 0.7 mg/L BA and 0.01 mg/L NAA containing a MS medium. The regenerated adventitious shoots from in vitro cultures were maintained and proliferated by sub-culturing on a fresh medium every three to 4 weeks. Regenerated shoot tips, which were micrografted onto in vitro seedlings, resulted in the restoration of shoot proliferation. The results indicated that the most successful method for the grafting of tested almond cultivars was slit micrografting. High levels of micrograft take were achieved with all ranges of scions (4–15 mm) obtained from the regenerated shoot tips. Slow growth and lack of axillary shoot development on the micrografts were noticeable when the micrografts were cultured on hormone-free germination medium. In vitro micrografted plantlets were successfully acclimatized and no problems were encountered with the establishment of micrografted plants in vivo. The developed technique has demonstrated a high potential for application in the micropropagation of almond cvs. “Ferragnes” and “Ferraduel” and thereby, represents a feasible method for the renewal of almond orchards in Turkey and elsewhere in the world. 相似文献
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为探讨番茄根系与接穗及其互作效应影响嫁接苗耐冷性的效应大小与生理机制,以耐冷性强的番茄‘060112’(R)和冷敏感番茄‘060911’(S)为试材,采用靠接法进行嫁接,组成双根双穗嫁接苗RS/RS,待嫁接苗成活后通过断根或断穗,形成R/R、R/RS、R/S、S/R、S/RS和S/S共6个根/穗组合处理,置于光强22 klx、光周期12 h/12 h光照培养箱,测定昼夜温度10℃/3℃低温胁迫9 d及25℃/15℃常温恢复3 d时嫁接苗叶片和根系中活性氧水平及As A-GSH循环中关键酶和抗氧化物质的变化。结果表明,低温胁迫显著提高了番茄嫁接苗叶片和根系中H_2O_2含量及超氧阴离子产生速率,但耐冷性强的R根系嫁接苗活性氧水平显著低于冷敏感的S根系嫁接苗,虽然R接穗嫁接苗活性氧水平亦显著低于S接穗嫁接苗,但降幅不及根系嫁接苗的大,表明根系在增强嫁接苗耐冷性中的作用大于接穗。低温胁迫下,各处理嫁接苗叶片和根系As A-GSH循环中关键酶(APX、MDHAR、DHAR、GR)活性和抗氧化物质(As A、DHA、GSH、GSSG)的含量均显著增加,且除DHA和GSSG外,均以R根系或R接穗嫁接苗较高,S根系或S接穗嫁接苗较低,RS根系或RS接穗嫁接苗居中,表明低温胁迫下耐冷性强的R根系或接穗嫁接苗的抗氧化能力显著高于S根系或接穗嫁接苗。具RS双接穗的嫁接苗中又以RS-R叶片的抗氧化能力显著高于RS-S叶片,且互作效应的P值小于0.01(或0.05),表明根、穗对嫁接苗耐冷性存在显著的互作效应。 相似文献
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不同砧木对黄瓜产量、品质及枯萎病抗性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以不同砧木为试材,研究砧木嫁接对黄瓜产量、品质及枯萎病抗性的影响。结果表明：采用10
个不同砧木嫁接黄瓜,可使接穗品种鲁黄瓜3号的产量提高40.3 %～68.3 %,其中以神力1号对黄瓜的增产效果最好,其次是黄砧3号、新动力和阿纳姆,增产50.5 %～57.5 %。嫁接对黄瓜果实品质没有明显影响,其中黄瓜果实中VC含量除阿纳姆和黄砧4号嫁接的显著增加外,其余砧木嫁接的与自根苗差异不显著;可溶性糖含量除根力神、卧底龙和黄砧4号嫁接的显著减少外,其余砧木嫁接的与自根苗差异不显著;砧木嫁接的硝酸盐和可溶性蛋白质含量与自根苗均差异不显著。嫁接植株的枯萎病发病率为0～8.3 %,明显低于自根苗（29.5 %）。从综合影响结果来看,在黄瓜生产中,优先选择神力1号和黄砧3号作为黄瓜嫁接的砧木品种,其次为新动力和阿纳姆。 相似文献
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B. H. Howard Wendy Oakley 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(6):891-897
Poor stands of ‘Queen Cox’ apple bud-grafted in summer onto M.9 rootstock were shown to be due to the scion bud not growing, or growing too late to produce a worthwhile ‘maiden’ tree, despite virtually all scion graft-chips forming unions with the rootstock. This problem was caused by raising the budding height to 30 cm above ground, as a method of increasing the height of lateral branches. The key element in higher budding which depressed subsequent scion bud growth was the complete removal of all rootstock shoots to a height of 35 cm to give a traditional ‘clean leg’ during the budding year. Removing rootstock shoots only at the budding position gave good stands of high quality trees. This appears to be a general effect, with the benefits of retaining rootstock shoots applying also to Malus tschonoskii when budded at 30 cm on M.9 rootstock. For both ‘Queen Cox’ and M. tschonoskii, failure of scion buds to grow vigorously often resulted in the development of ‘papery bark canker’ on the M.9 rootstock. The main benefit of root- stock shoots retained in the budding year was to ensure that scion buds grew early in the following ‘maiden’ year, whereas allowing these and new rootstock shoots to remain for the first two months of ‘maiden’ growth reduced the number of secondary scion buds which developed, and raised the height of laterals by delaying their emergence. 相似文献
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在同一生境下用种子苗、根茎苗繁殖光果甘草（GlycyrrhizaglabraL．）、胀果甘草（GlycyrrhizainflataBat．）、乌拉尔甘草（GlycyrrhizauralensisFisch．）,并对其地上部分（株高）和地下部分（根数、根粗、根茎数和根茎粗）进行比较研究。结果表明：（1）5种甘草地上部分、地下部分生长特征大部分种子苗优于根茎苗。（2）j种甘草生长特性表现不一致。在株高方面,种子苗和根茎苗均为胀果甘草表现最优;在根数方面,种子苗和根茎苗均为乌拉尔甘草最优;在根茎数和根粗方面,种子苗为乌拉尔甘草最优,根茎苗为胀果甘草最优;在根茎粗方面,种子苗为乌拉尔甘草最优,根茎苗为胀果甘草最优。（3）3种甘草种子苗、根茎苗根粗和根茎粗均与株高呈相关关系。 相似文献
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为了明确茄子嫁接后砧木、接穗残株的再生进程及再次嫁接利用的可行性,以茄砧1号、园杂471为砧木和接穗品种,研究砧木、接穗残株再生苗的生长发育进程,并比较残株再生苗嫁接与初次嫁接苗的愈合情况和生长指标。结果表明:茄子嫁接后砧木残株扦插再生、接穗残株腋芽再生30 d左右均可形成健壮的幼苗,植株茎粗可达2.5 mm左右,与播种育苗相比,砧木、接穗分别缩短育苗时间约45、10 d;利用砧木、接穗残株进行嫁接,嫁接苗成活率、木质部输导能力、砧/穗接合力及35 d嫁接苗净生长量与初次嫁接苗无显著差异。茄子残株嫁接苗砧木与接穗培养成本明显低于初次嫁接苗,按万株嫁接苗计,可节约生产成本696.4元。综上,茄子嫁接后砧/穗残株可以嫁接再利用,并可提高经济效益。 相似文献
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Apple scions with diverse growth habits were grafted on various size-controlling rootstocks and morphological characteristics were measured after 6 years of growth in the field. Scion had more influence than rootstock on monthly growth rate. Across all rootstocks, scions with spreading growth habits grew rapidly in April and May and achieved most seasonal growth earlier than scions with upright growth habits that grew slowly early in the season. In all growth habits and rootstocks, growth rate slowed appreciably but did not cease by August and growth did not terminate earlier for any one scion–rootstock combination. Across all scions, the dwarfing rootstock, M.9, consistently had the lowest and seedling rootstock had the greatest tree height and trunk diameter. However, no one size-controlling rootstock consistently influenced dates of bud break and full bloom, shoot elongation rate, or duration of growth. Tree growth form was not fundamentally affected by rootstock. Significant interactions indicated that effects of size-controlling rootstock on components of shoot growth will vary with apple tree growth habit. These effects on phenology and development can be significant to growers and may assist breeders in developing new apple cultivars. 相似文献