共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
P. P. Kalberer 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(5):573-581
In the culture of the mushroom, Agaricus bisporus, significant amounts of water are taken up from the casing soil. The water potential of the casing soil was lowered by adding sodium chloride. A lowering of the water potential reduced crop yield, slowed fruit-body development and increased the dry-matter content of sporophores as a percentage of wet weight. Values for dry-matter content of the fruit bodies ranged from 6.7 to 11.5%. Regulation of dry-matter content is therefore possible by adjusting the concentration of salt in the casing soil. The total dry weight of all harvested fruit bodies of the first two flushes (breaks) from cultures with a low water potential in the casing soil (high salt) was as high as that of the crop of cultures with a high water potential (no salt added). The total concentration of osmotically active substances in the pressed juice of caps of fruit bodies increased with decreasing water potential of the casing soil. The increase in mannitol concentration of the press juice contributed significantly to this increase. A positive correlation was found between the concentration of osmotically active substances in the pressed juice and the increase in dry-water content of fruit bodies. Mechanisms of water uptake and movement from the casing soil to the growing fruit bodies are discussed. 相似文献
2.
P.B. Flegg 《Scientia Horticulturae》1979,11(2):141-149
Evidence of competition for nutrients between mushroom mycelium in different parts of the same bed is given.Casing each half of containers of spawn-run compost at different times resulted in the earlier-cased portion being more strongly colonised by the mushroom, and with more mycelial aggregates and sporophores than the other half. The dominance of the mycelium in half of the casing over that in the other was evident even when there was only 2 days difference between casing the halves, at which time the mycelium in the earlier-cased portion had colonised only 2–4 mm of the casing-layer. A difference of 4–6 days in the time of casing halves of the same container resulted in the almost complete loss of at least the first flush of sporophores from the later-cased half.Despite considerable differences in yield of sporophores between halves of the same container, the total weight of sporophores was often unaffected and never reduced by more than 20%.The general pattern of the results was hardly affected by temperature within the range 10–24°C. 相似文献
3.
P.B. Flegg 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(2):187-196
The effect of air temperature during the two-week period after casing on the growth and yield of the cultivated mushroom was studied in controlled environment cabinets.Temperature treatment during the first and second weeks after casing had significant effects on the start of cropping and yield of sporophores, which were generally, but not always, the same for each week of treatment. In some experiments yield was markedly affected by the temperature at a time when the first sporophores were extremely small or not even initiated.There was no evidence of interaction between the temperature treatments up to two weeks after casing and cropping temperatures. Interaction between temperature treatments in the first and second weeks after casing occurred in only one out of four experiments.There was no consistent evidence of interaction between the temperature treatment in the two weeks after casing and the ventilation rate or the source from which the spawn was obtained.The optimum temperature range during the two weeks after casing for an early start to cropping and highest yield of sporophores was found to be about 60–65 °F. (15–18 °C.). Average weight per sporophore was usually lower with decreasing temperature during the two weeks after casing. 相似文献
4.
盐渍化土壤覆土材料理化性状及其对双孢蘑菇生长的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究山西省当地盐渍化土壤添加草炭土、醋糟、谷糠或高粱壳配制的不同覆土材料(Ⅰ:66.7%草炭土,33.3%盐渍化土壤;Ⅱ:50%草炭土,50%盐渍化土壤;Ⅲ~Ⅴ:每立方米盐渍化土壤分别添加45kg醋糟、谷糠或高粱)的理化性状,并比较不同覆土材料对双孢蘑菇(Agaricus bisporus)生长的影响,以草炭土为对照。从覆土至第一潮菇采收结束,Ⅰ和Ⅱ覆土电导率呈逐渐上升趋势,而Ⅲ~Ⅴ覆土的电导率则一直保持较高水平,为1427~1980μS/cm,第三潮菇采收时,Ⅰ~Ⅴ覆土电导率均显著下降;覆土第6天开始,Ⅰ~Ⅴ覆土的pH明显高于对照,为7.47~8.47;Ⅰ和Ⅱ覆土处理的发菌天数与对照相同,Ⅲ~Ⅴ覆土处理则比对照延长3d;各处理的第一潮菇和第三潮菇的采收时间均为5d,第二潮菇采收时间各处理间略有差异,但总产量均高于对照,其中以Ⅲ覆土处理产量最高,达21.3kg/m~2。试验结果表明,盐渍化土壤添加草炭土、醋糟、谷糠或高粱壳均可作为生产双孢蘑菇的覆土材料。 相似文献
5.
刺芹侧耳菌糠及其提取液对糙皮侧耳生长的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
分别用刺芹侧耳(Pleurotus eryngii)菌糠提取液替代PDA培养基中马铃薯煮汁和刺芹侧耳菌糠替代常规培养料中的玉米芯,考察菌糠对糙皮侧耳(P.ostreatus)菌丝生长及子实体产量的影响。结果表明,随着菌糠提取液替代比例的增加,菌丝生长速度有减慢的趋势,当替代比例为100%时,菌丝生长速度显著低于对照。然而,随着菌糠替代玉米芯比例的增加,菌丝长速加快,且第一茬菇产量增加。当替代比例为26%和39%时,糙皮侧耳的生物学效率显著高于对照,分别比对照高9.2%和11.4%。 相似文献
6.
Chlorothalonil (as Daconil 2787, 75 % a.i., w.p.), applied as a drench, reduced the incidence on mushrooms of Verticillium fungicola which was tolerant to certain benzimidazole fungicides. Compared with zineb, chlorothalonil gave better disease control, required only one application and did not stain sporophores. Incorporation of chlorothalonil into the casing layer caused toxicity to the crop and depressed the yield. Where tolerance was not a problem, benomyl gave better disease control than chlorothalonil. 相似文献
7.
R. Assaf I. Levin B. Bravdo 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(4):481-493
Six irrigation treatments were applied to an apple orchard. The treatments consisted of replenishing the soil water deficit at the 0-60 and 0-120 cm layers according to predetermined available water content. The seasonal patterns of trunk and fruit growth and of fruit drop were studied. It was found that the final volume of fruit was linearly related to the number of days to which the trees were subjected to above and below 30% available water in the 0-60 cm layer. Fruit firmness and soluble solids content were reduced by frequent irrigation. These reductions were found to be due both to a direct effect and to an indirect effect through the increase in fruit size due to frequent irrigation. 相似文献
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S. Hieke C. M. Menzel V. J. Doogan P. LÜdders 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(3):326-332
SummaryExperiments were conducted on lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) in subtropical Australia (lat. 27° –29°S) to evaluate the role of assimilates on fruit retention. All the leaves of the last flush, all the leaves of the previous flush (about eight leaves per terminal shoot), or all the old leaves were removed from trees. Medium (3–5.cm diameter) or large branches (5–10.cm diameter) were girdled and defoliated after fruit set, and fruit retention compared with ungirdled and undefoliated branches. Other branches were girdled and defoliated between anthesis and fruit harvest. Finally, 20, 50 or 80% of the flowering panicles were defruited on large trees. Defoliated trees had 35 to 45% lower yields than the controls. This was despite the treatment with all the old leaves removed having a much lower leaf area index than the other defoliation treatments (1.7 vs. 2.3 and 2.8). Leaves next to the inflorescences are more important for yield than the older leaves. Fruit retention was very low on girdled branches that had been defoliated, especially when the leaves were removed in the first 20.d after anthesis. This suggests that the yields of girdled branches were determined by the availability of assimilates soon after fruit set. In contrast, the number of fruit retained on ungirdled branches was unrelated to the number of leaves, with defoliation having no effect on yield. Fruit on these branches were supported by resources from elsewhere in the tree. Thinned trees had similar yields to those of unthinned plots (65–82.kg tree–1). Thinning apparently increased fruit retention in the remaining clusters, under a higher leaf:fruit ratio. There were large differences in the concentrations of starch in the tree, and seasonal changes, with starch declining from flowering to fruit harvest. In contrast, there were only small responses to the treatments, suggesting that the fruit were mainly dependent on current photosynthesis. Photosynthesis in the leaves behind the fruit clusters was more important than photosynthesis in the older shaded leaves. 相似文献
10.
覆土对双孢蘑菇菌丝产量的影响 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
在双孢蘑菇（Agaricus bisporus）栽培中,以传统蘑菇砻糠田泥覆土为对照,研究了不同泥炭比例覆土配方的理化性状、细菌生长量、双孢蘑菇菌丝生物量及其产量。理化性状分析结果表明,不同泥炭比例覆土的空隙度、持水率,以及在-2.16 ~ -17.28 kPa水柱牵力下的水份释放量,都随着覆土中泥炭含量的增大而增大。磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)分析结果表明,100%、50%和30%泥炭覆土中的菌丝生物量均显著高于传统砻糠田泥覆土(P<0.05),并随着泥炭比例的增大而增高;覆土中的菌丝生物量均于第2潮菇原基形成期达最大值。覆土中的细菌数量随着双孢蘑菇菌丝的生长而增多,不同覆土的细菌数量与其中的蘑菇菌丝生物量正相关,覆土中的细菌与蘑菇菌丝存在营养共生关系。栽培试验结果表明,蘑菇子实体形成量与覆土中的菌丝生物量密切正相关,与覆土持水率（含水量）正相关;覆土层蘑菇菌丝生物量和持水率,是蘑菇覆土基质优化的重要技术指标。 相似文献
11.
采用超高效液相色谱(UPLC)-二极管阵列检测器(PDA)和液相二级质谱(LC/MS/MS)方法测定多菌灵在添加浓度范围分别为0.025~1 mg/kg和0.05~10 mg/kg 时在糙皮侧耳(Pleurotus ostreatus)子实体和培养料中的残留量,结果表明：多菌灵在子实体和培养料中的平均添加回收率分别为93%~99%、93%~101%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均为3%~6%。在0.1%、0.3%多菌灵有效成分用量下拌料施用后,糙皮侧耳第一和第五潮菇(菇柄、菇盖和全菇)中多菌灵残留量分别为0.089~0.077、0.533~0.485 mg/kg,低于欧盟关于多菌灵在新鲜菇类中的最大残留限量标准。多菌灵在子实体各个部位的富集能力由强到弱为菇脚>菇柄>全菇>菇盖。培养料中多菌灵的消解符合一级动力学模型,菌袋部位、菌丝和灭菌对培养料中多菌灵消解均有影响：菌袋上部(距离栽培袋底部22 cm处)的培养料中的多菌灵消解快,半衰期33 d短于中部(距离栽培袋底部11 cm处)的36.47 d和下部的63 d;培养料中菌丝生长有利于多菌灵消解,高压灭菌(0.1 Mpa 压力下,121℃灭菌2 h)可以有效地促进农药消解。灭菌后降解率达91.8%和85.9%,未灭菌时培养料中多菌灵含量基本稳定。 相似文献
12.
对在栽培蛹虫草(Cordyceps militaris)B6过程中发现的白化菌株AB6的部分生物学特性和所获得的子实体成分进行研究。结果表明,AB6在光照条件下菌丝不变色,其菌丝最佳生长温度为25℃、pH 4.0~6.0。AB6子实体的粗蛋白、粗纤维、水、灰分、总水解氨基酸和粗多糖等成分含量与B6子实体无显著差别;而其灰分和虫草素含量较高,分别为8.29%和12.9 mg/g,均高于退化的白化菌株DAB6和B6的子实体;其黄酮类、虫草酸和腺苷,分别为0.22%、14.8 mg/g和1.16 mg/g,比B6子实体低。 相似文献
13.
Transverse thin cell layers (tTCLs) of protocorm-like bodies of two stages of PLBs (30 d and 60 d old) of Cymbidium Sleeping Nymph were used as explants to induce PLBs by using coconut water (CW) as a natural additive. 5% (v/v) CW supplemented to KC medium induced an average of 5 PLBs per responding tTCL of 30 d old PLBs with 83% of responding tTCLs. A low percentage of responding tTCLs were observed in 60 d old PLBs’ tTCLs. Anatomical and confocal microscopic studies traced the origin of PLBs to subepidermal layers of the tTCL. A significantly high percentage of shoot regeneration was obtained from PLBs formed on 1–10% (v/v) CW from tTCLs of 30 d old PLBs in comparison to PLBs induced on control after first subculture on KC medium (without CW). The induced PLBs regenerated into plantlets with velamenous roots and these plantlets were transferred to greenhouse conditions on cocopeat:perlite (9:1) with nearly 100% survival. Post-transfer performance of the plantlets was monitored. The results suggest tTCLs as potential explants (with respect to economy of precious hybrid materials) which can overcome the slow growth of hybrid PLBs and coconut water as a single natural additive for the mass multiplication of commercially important orchids. 相似文献
14.
以8个不同采集地来源的暗褐网柄牛肝菌(Phlebopus portentosus)菌株为试验材料,分别进行了菌丝固体培养、液体培养初筛和出菇复筛试验。结果表明:8个供试菌株在M1琼脂培养基(200g马铃薯、20g葡萄糖、2g酵母膏、1g MgSO_4、1g KH_2PO_4、20g琼脂、1000mL水)上菌丝长势均粗壮浓密,在M1液体培养基(M1琼脂培养基不加琼脂)中,除菌株Cy3和Cy6(因菌丝生长缓慢或几乎不继续生长而被淘汰)外其它6个菌株均生长良好;出菇试验中,菌株Cy4表现优良栽培性状:菌丝在培养料中长势强,子实体产量高[单菇重(101.0±5.2)g,成熟率95%],商品性状好(菌盖黑褐色、菌柄黄色粗壮和基部稍膨大)。 相似文献
15.
The stage of maturity at which sporophores were picked affected the cropping. The weight of the crop and the average weight per sporophore progressively increased with the later stage of maturity at picking, but the number of sporophores was reduced. Delaying the stage of picking also increased the interval between flushes and decreased the number of days required to pick each flush.Average weight, s, was used as an indicator of the stage of maturity of the sporophores from a particular treatment. Except in one very lowyielding experiment out of the five reported, the untrimmed weight of crop, y, from each treatment was shown to satisfy a relation y=cs0.311, where c was a constant depending on the experiment. The relation followed by the number of sporophores, n, may be simply derived from the above relation and was n=c/s0.689. 相似文献
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The growth of sporophores of mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) was studied using the Gompertz growth curve, and the parameters of the curve were found to vary appreciably between experiments.Three factors were identified which are associated with an increase in growth rate. These are (i) the earliness of initiation of the sporophore, (ii) the removal of adjacent sporophores, and (iii) a decrease in the number of sporophores initiated.It is suggested that the growth rate of sporophores is dependent on the substrate density in the mycelium, and also that the initiation process might be less efficient than the growth process. The implications of these findings for a mathematical modelling approach to mushroom crop growth are discussed. 相似文献
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M.N. Shashirekha Zakia Bano 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(3):332-337
SummaryGrowth and yield of Pleurotus florida on rice straw were studied as a function of temperature. At an ambient temperature of 20?C, a maximum bioconversion efficiency (yield to substrate ratio, both on a dry-weight basis) of 14.5% was recorded. The net yield was observed over 2–3 flushes, with an interflush period of ca. 7.d. Increase in bioconversion efficiency (BCE) decreased left-over spent substrate and increased the loss of growth substrate as CO2 and H2O. An increased solubility of the growth substrate was observed with increase in BCE. In general, increase in sugars, amino acids, and decrease in phenols, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin were observed; however amino acids decreased at high levels of BCE. Likewise, the decrease in lignin content was not important above a 10% increase in BCE. Flush co-ordinated operation of the degradatory enzymes in the rice straw substrate was studied. Whilst CMC-ase, b-glucosidase, hemicellulase and protease showed a continuous increase over all the flushes, laccase showed a decline only after the first flush, reflecting the possible non-requirement for lignin degradation thereafter. The growth of the fruiting primordium into a mature fruiting body took 72.h was characterized by an active increase in cellulase(s), hemicellulase(s) and, protease in particular. Laccase activity declined. This observation is associated with the requirement for carbohydrates and protein for growth and development of the fruiting bodies. Hexosamine content in the rice straw substrate increased until the end of spawnrun and declined thereafter, in accordance with the fructification. 相似文献
20.
采用国际通用营养价值评价方法,研究了羽叶决明替代常规培养料木屑对鸡腿菇子实体蛋白质营养价值的影响。结果表明,羽叶决明替代木屑栽培鸡腿菇,其子实体蛋白质营养价值较高;在6种不同替代组合培养料栽培的鸡腿菇中,以羽叶决明100％替代木屑的蛋白质综合评价最优、营养价值最高,6项评价指标中,其中必需氨基酸指数（Essential AminoAcid Index）、生物价（Biological Value）、营养指数（Nutritional Index）3项分别为117．37、116．23和68．08,均居首位,且与对照间差异达到极显著水平（P〈0．01）,氨基酸评分（Amino Acid Score）和氨基酸比值系数分（Amino Acid Ratio Coefficient Score）分别为80．39和77．56,均居第2位,化学评分（Chemical Score）为69．84,居第3位。 相似文献