共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
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以高丛蓝莓‘蓝金’为试材,研究不同防寒方法对蓝莓生长微环境和越冬性的影响。结果表明,套袋防寒对袋内日最低温度、日平均温度、日最高温度影响不大,但对空气相对湿度、一年生枝条长度和花芽枯死率影响较大。因此可以确定大连地区蓝莓越冬伤害是由枝条过度失水所引起。采用双层膜套袋(内层膜为黑色塑料膜,外层膜为镀铝反光膜0.012 mm)及单层膜(镀铝反光膜附在玻璃丝布上)套袋防寒效果最好。 相似文献
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以5年生欧亚种"早黑宝"葡萄为试材,以冬季不埋土为对照,设置7个防寒处理:树干涂白、茎干裹黑膜、保温棉包裹、基干套白膜、保温棉覆盖、玉米秸20 cm+覆膜、铺黑地膜,研究不同防寒措施对葡萄根系附近土层温度的影响、枝条部分生理指标的变化和枝条生长情况,以期筛选出北方寒区塑料大棚内葡萄越冬最合适的防寒措施,促进葡萄种质资源的有效利用。结果表明:葡萄根际地下5 cm和20 cm处的土层温度变化强弱排序为玉米秸20 cm+覆膜、铺黑地膜保温棉覆盖对照、茎干裹黑膜、保温带包裹、树干涂白、基干套白膜;采用抗寒性隶属函数法进行综合评价,防寒效果排序为茎干裹黑膜玉米秸20 cm+覆膜、铺黑地膜保温带包裹基干裹白膜保温棉覆盖对照树干涂白;越冬后保温带包裹处理的葡萄萌芽率最高,枝条没有出现霉变现象,且萌芽整齐;综合经济成本考虑建议在北方冬季埋土区塑料大棚内以玉米秆20 cm+覆膜或铺黑地膜覆盖根系,以保温带或黑膜包裹枝条作为葡萄越冬防寒方法;露地栽培可使用保温被覆盖,具体覆盖所需厚度需依据实际各地区气候情况进一步研究。 相似文献
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为了明确树莓露地越冬过程中致死原因,在沈阳地区,以栽培树莓(Rubus idaeus L.)品种美国22号(Royal-ty)、秋福(Autumn Bliss)、哈瑞太慈(Heritage)、胜利(Victory)为试材,以野生树莓牛叠肚(R.crataegifolius Bge.)为对照,在露地不防寒自然越冬过程中连续定期取茎,测定电导率、萌芽率、含水量,观察茎表皮变化,结合外界气温和湿度的变化,确定树莓越冬过程中关键致死原因和时期。结果表明,野生树莓牛叠肚在沈阳可露地越冬,4个栽培树莓品种均不能正常露地越冬。树莓露地越冬受气温和湿度的影响,露地越冬的茎经历持续低温后,春季气温回升时伴随空气湿度大幅度下降,导致茎抽条死亡,是树莓越冬致死的主要原因,其关键致死时期为2月8日至3月8日。试材越冬能力强弱排序为:牛叠肚树莓>哈瑞太慈>秋福>美国22号>胜利。 相似文献
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为探索覆盖物代替埋土方法进行葡萄越冬防寒的可行性,于2013—2014年以"蜜汁"葡萄为试材,在露地分别进行了无机棉被、普通棉被和埋土等防寒对比试验,研究了不同防寒覆盖物对葡萄越冬防寒的影响,以期为哈尔滨地区露地葡萄越冬防寒方式提供技术支撑。结果表明:葡萄越冬时采用普通棉和无机棉进行覆盖均能达到较好的越冬防寒效果,葡萄枝蔓周边温湿度及地下20cm土层温度与对照埋土防寒差异不明显,且与埋土防寒相比具有省工、省时、降低生产成本等优势,减少成本约30%,延长防寒时间10d。 相似文献
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不同防寒处理对高接青岛早红葡萄露地越冬的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以贝达高接的青岛早红葡萄为试材,研究了不同防寒处理对高接青岛旱红葡萄露地越冬的影响.进行包剪口、全包扎、不包扎、埋土处理,测定分析越冬后青岛早红葡萄枝条的含水量、电导率、丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性等抗性指标,以及萌芽率、萌芽时间、生长势、果枝率等树相指标.结果表明:各处理的葡萄枝条含水量均超过40%,高于芽眼的反应临界点.各处理葡萄的生理指标均存在显著性差异,其中埋土处理和包扎剪口处理的各指标表明二者的抗寒性较强,而全包扎处理与不包扎处理的抗寒性较差.越冬后以嫁接埋土处理葡萄表现最好,而包剪口和全包扎的比不包扎的效果好,说明在昌黎地区影响葡萄越冬的主要因素是风害.说明青岛早红葡萄高接后包扎剪口处理后在昌黎地区可以露地越冬. 相似文献
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高丛、半高丛和矮丛越橘越冬冻害研究 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
试验在长春进行,2002年10月中旬温度骤降,造成越橘枝条成熟程度差。2003年4月撤除防寒物后发现部分品种不同程度受冻害,调查了高丛越橘品种斯巴坦、蓝丰、蓝乐,半高丛越橘品种圣云、北陆、北蓝和矮丛越橘品种北村、美登,比较了其基生枝、延长枝、2年生枝的受冻枝条数、受冻长度、花芽和叶芽受冻比例,韧皮部受冻级别。结果表明:越橘3种类型中,高丛越橘抗寒能力最低,半高丛越橘其次,矮丛越橘抗寒能力最强。各品种中,高丛越橘斯巴坦受害最重,其基生枝和延长枝受害枝条数和枝条受冻长度分别为82.5％、85.7％和88.0％、95.6％,远高于蓝丰和蓝乐2个品种;2年生枝受害数量和长度斯巴坦为85.2％和76.4％,而蓝丰仅为17.6％和5.5％,蓝乐仅为33.0％和0％;3个品种花芽和叶芽受害比例、韧皮部受害级别也表现出同样趋势。半高丛越橘按抗寒能力由强到弱顺序排列依次为:北蓝>北陆>圣云。矮丛越橘2个品种北村和美登基本无冻害发生。 相似文献
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北京地区葡萄露地越冬安全性及其影响因素的研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
2000～2001年冬春采用田间自然鉴定等方法,测定了里扎马特、京优、红地球葡萄品种在北京地区露地越冬的安全性及其影响因素。在2001年1月15日北京地区出现27年来的最低温,田间观测值达-21.3℃的情况下,至2001年1月18日,3个品种仍分别有81%、70%和42%的芽眼存活。但至3月6日,3个品种的大部分芽眼都已死亡,存活率分别下降至18%、35%和6%。3个品种的枝条含水量的大幅下降则主要发生在2001年3月份以后。2001年春,京优的萌芽率只有0.5%,而里扎马特和红地球的萌芽率都为0。通过地面覆盖、枝干缠塑料薄膜等栽培措施,可以减少根系冻害,提高枝条含水量,但芽眼的越冬存活率并没有提高。试验表明,虽然全球变暖的趋势仍在继续,但在近年来极端的灾害性天气发生频繁的情况下,冬季低温仍是制约葡萄露地越冬成活的主要因素,选育抗寒品种和应用抗寒栽培技术依然是北京地区葡萄露地越冬研究的主要任务。 相似文献
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蓝莓相对于其他落叶果树抗寒性较弱.中国北方地区蓝莓栽培以矮丛、半高丛和北高丛蓝莓为主,虽有一定的抗寒能力,但在越冬时仍常发生冻害,出现越冬抽条、花芽冻害、地上部死亡等现象,其中以抽条最为常见.分析蓝莓发生冻害的原因,一是生长前期管理措施不当,枝条发育不充实、贮存营养不足,抗冻能力下降,容易在冬季和早春发生冻害.二是早春气温上升快、空气干燥,树体蒸腾量增加,此时土壤尚未解冻,根系吸水能力和土壤可利用水分含量都较低,树体水分供应不足而产生抽条.三是蓝莓根系分布较浅,枝量大,更易发生抽条冻害.笔者介绍了蓝莓越冬防寒的管理措施,为蓝莓生产提供参考. 相似文献
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To understand the development of cold hardiness in highbush blueberry plants (Vaccinium corymbosum L.), we investigated seasonal changes in the protein compositions of current-year and overwintered shoots. Electrophoresis using SDS-polyacrylamide gels indicated that the amounts of a few proteins increased in autumn, in association with an enhancement of cold hardiness. Of these proteins, 65- and 60-kDa proteins were confirmed to be dehydrins by western blotting. While the levels of most of the accumulated proteins decreased in April, a 27-kDa protein maintained its level in the overwintered stem during spring. The amino acid sequence deduced from a cDNA for this protein showed significant similarities with known chitinases. The stem segments from overwintered shoots sampled in July showed higher cold hardiness against sub-zero temperature than those from current-year shoots, and the bark tissue of overwintered shoots had higher cold resistance than that of current-year shoots. The 27-kDa protein (BC27) was mostly found in the bark tissue of stems. Appreciable accumulation of this protein in floral buds was not detected. The purified BC27 protein exerted a cryoprotective effect on protoplasts subjected to a freeze–thaw treatment. These results suggest that the stems of highbush blueberry develop a system of cold hardiness different from that of the buds and apices, and that the accumulation of chitinase is involved in tolerance to low temperature in winter or unseasonably low temperature in spring. 相似文献
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芍药生长发育的各个时期都存在花蕾败育现象,降低了成花率。以芍药品种‘巧玲’为材料,研究温室促成盆栽、室外盆栽和大田地栽方式下的花蕾败育情况,结果表明：不同栽培方式下芍药花蕾败育率明显不同,与各生长发育阶段蕾径大小相关。蕾径2 ~ 4 mm败育蕾发生率呈现温室促成栽培（67.9% ~ 86.6%）> 室外盆栽（44.9%）> 大田地栽（16.3%）的规律,此类败育蕾是由萌芽初期芽分化速度晚于同期正常芽的芽体发育而引起,蕾径达2 mm的败育蕾的雄蕊、雌蕊原基分化已完成;蕾径4 ~ 8 mm的败育蕾发生率呈现室外盆栽（29.6%）> 温室促成栽培（9.2% ~ 25.6%）> 大田地栽（11.8%）的规律,蕾径达5 mm的败育蕾处于胚珠原基分化阶段;蕾径8 ~ 17 mm的败育蕾在温室促成栽培条件下发生率为0 ~ 4.8%,但在室外盆栽及大田地栽环境中均没有发生,蕾径达10 mm的败育蕾其胚珠的珠心和珠柄已形成;蕾径17 ~ 27 mm的败育蕾在室外盆栽环境中发生率最高,为19.9%,其次为大田地栽,为9.2%,温室促成栽培最低,为0 ~ 1.4%,蕾径达18 mm的败育蕾可见胚珠的珠心、珠被、珠孔。3种栽培方式下败蕾率最高均出现在茎伸长期,即主要发生在2 ~ 4 mm大的花蕾,温室促成栽培中控制该阶段花蕾败育是降低败蕾率的关键,可以通过肥水管理,适当延长低温处理时间及保持后期栽培温度稳定来减少其发生,提高成花率。 相似文献
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不同小拱棚内温湿度的变化及对春大白菜生长的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[HT5”K]采用裂区试验设计、设置不同小拱棚和不同苗龄处理,对不同小拱棚内气温、地温、空气相对湿度等气象因子的数据进行分析,并比较不同小拱棚处理对春大白菜长势、产量、耐抽薹性的影响。结果表明,小拱棚对昼气温的增温效果非常明显,而对夜气温的保温效果不明显。与单层小拱棚相比,双层小拱棚保湿效果好,但增温、保温效果不明显。与无水袋小拱棚相比,有水袋双层小拱棚能加速昼气温的上升、缓冲夜气温的下降。小拱棚对春大白菜的长势、产量有显著的促进作用,并能有效地延缓叶球内花薹的伸长。相对而言,在本试验中无水袋单层小拱棚处理在春大白菜长势、产量及耐抽薹性方面稍占优势。 相似文献
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CaM在梨花芽分化过程中的含量变化 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
以梨为试材，对成花过程中的短枝芽和叶所含钙调素（ＣａＭ）的含量进行了测定。（１）短枝芽的ＣａＭ含量在整个成花前后都明显高于新梢芽的含量，特别是在成花的发端期突然成倍增加，形成高峰；（２）短果枝叶的ＣａＭ与新梢叶有着相近的变化趋势，但在成花前后，短果枝叶的ＣａＭ含量明显高于新梢叶；（３）ＣａＡｃ处理可以使短枝芽所含ＣａＭ的峰值提前出现，ＴＦＰ处理可明显降低ＣａＭ含量和延迟其峰值到来。还就ＣａＭ在成花过程中的作用及与Ｃａ２＋的关系等问题进行了讨论。 相似文献
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The effects of pinching and lateral bud removal (deshooting) on the development of structural shoots, the number of flowers, and the average flower stem length in young rose plants were examined, using the cultivars ‘Baccara’, ‘Sonia’ and ‘Belinda’. The effect of deshooting on flower yield varied with each cultivar. It did not affect the number of ‘Baccara’ flowers, but increased ‘Sonia’ and ‘Belinda’ flower production by 50% and 75%, respectively. Leaving flowers to bloom out on plants before the start of commercial harvest resulted in a decrease in the length of the flower stems and also reduced the beneficial effect of deshooting on flower yield. Deshooting enhanced structural shoot formation (“bottom breaks”). Pinching flower buds of structural shoots increased the number of ‘Baccara’ flowers in comparison with pruning these shoots to 40–60 cm, as in common practice. Deshooting of the structural shoots of ‘Sonia’ and ‘Belinda’ increased the number of flowers in both cultivars. 相似文献
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A. Garcia-Luis M. Kandušer J. L. Guardiola 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(5):817-825
SummaryThe effect of chilling temperatures on bud sprouting and flower formation was compared on fruiting and non-fruiting ‘Owari’ satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc) trees. On non-fruiting trees, bud dormancy was weak, and a significant proportion of buds were able to sprout at high temperatures without being chilled. Separate effects of low temperatures on bud sprouting and flower induction were demonstrated. On fruiting trees these two effects of low temperatures were also demonstrated on summer-flush buds, but not on older (spring-flush) buds. The spring-flush buds from fruiting trees scarcely sprouted without being chilled. These buds required a longer chilling period for dormancy release than for flower induction, and it was not possible to separate the effect of low temperature on flower induction from the effect on dormancy release. The presence of fruit reduced flower formation by reducing bud sprouting. Furthermore, fruit had a direct inhibitive effect on vernalization which resulted in increased formation of vegetative shoots. The effect of fruit and low temperature on flowering was unrelated to carbohydrate accumulation in the leaves or the roots. 相似文献
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S.J. Mcartney M. Hoover P.M. Hirst I.R. Brooking 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(5):536-540
SummaryThe formation of bud scales, transition leaves, true leaves, bracts and flower primordia were observed in buds removed from non-flowering sites on one year old shoots of apple ‘Royal Gala’. Buds were sampled from trees in Hawke's Bay, New Zealand (latitude 398S) during six successive seasons. The onset of flower development varied between seasons from 72 to 99.d after full bloom. Floral development was poorly synchronized within the populations of sampled buds, lasting 22 to 50.d. Differences in the onset and duration of flower development could not be related to seasonal differences in heat accumulation from full bloom. There was significant variation between seasons in the minimum number of appendages observed within buds that exhibited doming, which indicates floral development. In the 1998/99 season, doming was observed in buds that had only 15.7 appendages, whereas in the 1999/2000 season the minimum number of appendages within a bud that had initiated flowers was 17.5. When the data from all seasons were considered, the rate of appendage formation within developing buds was not consistently related to heat accumulation. 相似文献