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1.
为系统了解渔盐一体化生态养殖模式下中国明对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)的营养价值,通过测定其肌肉基本营养成分(水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、灰分、总糖),蛋白质的氨基酸组成、脂肪酸组成、维生素和无机元素等,对其营养价值进行评价。结果显示:该养殖模式下,中国明对虾蛋白质含量较高,氨基酸种类齐全,必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的39.03%,符合FAO/WHO的理想模式;呈味氨基酸含量高达43.73%;脂肪含量低;维生素B3和维生素E含量丰富;富含人体必需的钙、铁、锌、镁、硒等矿质元素,无重金属污染。研究表明:渔盐一体化生态养殖的中国明对虾是一种高蛋白、低脂肪、高矿物质、营养价值较高的优质海产虾类。 相似文献
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乳山刺参体壁和内脏营养成分比较分析 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
对乳山刺参体壁和内脏的基本营养成分,包括水分、蛋白质、脂肪、灰分、海参糖胺聚糖、海参皂苷、脂肪酸组成、氨基酸组成以及16种无机元素含量进行了系统测定和比较分析。结果表明,在刺参体壁和内脏中,水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、灰分、海参糖胺聚糖和海参皂苷含量分别为90.67%、76.11%;49.75%、34.90%;6.56%、5.15%;27.50%、36.85%;7.47%、1.08%;0.062 2%、0.017 4%。体壁和内脏中含有21种脂肪酸,内脏中多不饱和脂肪酸含量高于体壁,含EPA 13.09%、DHA 6.88%。二者粗蛋白的氨基酸组成中,必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的39.36%、39.93%,谷氨酸和天冬氨酸等鲜味氨基酸［19.07,11.57 g/(100 g)］以及精氨酸等药效氨基酸［10.78,7.06 g/(100 g)］含量较高。无机元素含量高,富含镁、铁、锌、钒、硒等元素,内脏中钒和锰的含量尤为丰富。研究表明,刺参内脏亦含有丰富的蛋白质、多不饱和脂肪酸和钒、锰、硒等无机元素,具有较好的食用和药用价值,应得到充分利用。 相似文献
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螺旋藻在养殖上的应用进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
螺旋藻被广泛应用于鱼、虾、蟹、扇贝的饵料或饵料添加剂。螺旋藻蛋白质含量高,氨基酸组成合理,不饱和脂肪酸所占比例较高且品质好,矿物质含量全面,维生素和色素含量丰富;螺旋藻具有高消化吸收率,可提高动物生产性能,改善肉质,有着色作用。螺旋藻可增强和调节动物免疫力。本文从罗非鱼、鲤鱼、畜禽及养殖环境控制上的应用情况探讨了螺旋藻在养殖上的存在问题和应用前景。 相似文献
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马氏珠母贝肉的营养成分及其游离氨基酸组成 总被引：79，自引：5，他引：79
对马氏珠母贝肉的营养成分及游离氨基酸组成进行了较系统的食品化学特性研究,结果表明：马氏珠母贝含粗蛋白７４．９％（干基）,蛋白质的氨基酸组成中,富含Ｇｌｕ（２．２１％）、Ａｓｐ（１．４５）、Ｇｌｙ（１．０１％）等呈味氨基酸;蛋白质营养价高,氨基酸价为８２,第一限制氨基酸是含硫氨基酸（１９７３年（ＦＡＯ／ＷＨＯ标准）;无机盐含量丰富,尤其是微量元素Ｚｎ和Ｓｅ;游离氨基酸中,牛磺酸含量最高达１．３８％, 相似文献
7.
真鲷胚胎及胚后发育各阶段氨基酸组成的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在真鲷 (Ｐａｇｒｏｓｏｍｕｓｍａｊｏｒ)各发育阶段 ,蛋白质是主要的营养需求成分 ,而蛋白质的营养价值又取决于蛋白质自身的氨基酸 ,特别是必需氨基酸的组成与含量。真鲷在不同的发育阶段对氨基酸的需求也有差异 ,尤其是在胚后发育阶段。目前认为 ,饵料蛋白质中的氨基酸组成与含量同动物本身氨基酸组成与含量相似者 ,可视为最好的饵料[1] 。关于真鲷生理发育各阶段的氨基酸组成的研究国内未见报道[2 ] 。因此 ,研究真鲷本身氨基酸的组成与含量 ,可为真鲷的营养与生理学研究提供基础资料 ,也可为真鲷饵料的研究提供科学依据。本文报道真鲷… 相似文献
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青石斑鱼生物学特性及其人工繁育技术 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
青石斑鱼(Epinephelus awoara),属鲈形目,(鱼旨)科,石斑鱼属,俗称青斑、青鳍、泥斑、石斑鱼。为沿海暖水性中下层鱼类,分布于北太平洋西部,在我国主要产于南海及东海南部,其中尤以南海各地海域较多。青石斑鱼营养价值极高,据研究分析,它的肌肉氨基酸组成与人类氨基酸组成较为接近,富含蛋白质以及钙、磷、铁和维生素等多种营养成分,还含有多种滋味氨基酸,因而味道特别鲜美,为上等海产名贵鱼类之一,其活鱼畅 相似文献
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<正> 我们在研究草鱼、福寿鱼对蛋白质需要量的基础上,结合生产实际,进行了饲料中动、植物蛋白质含量(比例)对生长的影响的研究,并进行了花生麸和大豆饼饲养福寿鱼的效果试验。鱼粉的蛋白质含量高,且蛋白质中的氨基酸组成也较平衡,但价格贵,给生产的发展带来不少困难。如何利用蛋白质含量高、来源广、价格低廉的植物性蛋白 相似文献
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Md. Shah Alam Shin-ichi Teshima Manabu Ishikawa Daisuke Hasegawa & Shunsuke Koshio 《Aquaculture Research》2004,35(9):842-849
The requirements for essential amino acids by kuruma shrimp, Marsupenaeus japonicus (Bate) have not yet been determined using the dose–response method due to poor utilization of crystalline amino acids (CAA). In a previous study, we produced coated CAA that could be used to retard leaching losses. Therefore, to determine the arginine requirement of juvenile kuruma shrimp, a growth study was conducted using test diets containing six levels of coated arginine (from 1.20% to 3.19% of diet) for 42 days. Crystalline amino acids was supplemented to correspond to the amino acid pattern in the whole body protein of the kuruma shrimp except for arginine. To reduce leaching losses, CAA were coated with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and diets were further bound with CMC and k‐carrageenan. Test diets were fed to triplicate groups of juveniles (0.25±0.02 g) twice a day. Proximate composition and the amino acid composition of shrimp whole bodies were analysed at the end of the feeding trial. Percent body weight gain (WG), specific growth rate, feed intake, feed efficiency ratio and protein retention efficiency were significantly affected by the dietary arginine concentrations. Estimating the arginine requirement of kuruma shrimp using broken‐line analysis of percent WG resulted in a value of 2.66% of diet or 5.32% of protein. After correcting for leaching of arginine from the diets, the optimum dietary value of arginine for kuruma shrimp was a little lower than the estimated value. 相似文献
12.
Joe M. Fox Addison L. Lawrence Eunice Li‐Chan 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2009,40(2):171-181
Tail muscle tissue free amino acids (FAA) concentration is reported for subadult (4.3 g) Litopenaeus vannamei fed diets containing only protein‐bound amino acids, crystalline lysine as a supplement to protein‐bound lysine, and only crystalline amino acids (CAA). FAA were determined in shrimp at 0.00, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 h postfeeding. Highest total tissue concentrations of essential amino acids and individual amino acids were typically observed 4 h postfeeding for shrimp fed intact and crystalline lysine‐supplemented feeds. Those shrimp offered diets containing only CAA showed no tissue maxima. Similar uptake patterns for lysine shown by shrimp fed the intact and crystalline lysine‐supplemented diet indicate the potential use of small amounts of crystalline lysine in shrimp feeds. 相似文献
13.
Mengqing Liang Shiwen Wang Jialin Wang Qing Chang Kangsen Mai 《Fisheries Science》2008,74(5):1173-1179
To compare the flavor components of shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei cultured in sea water and low salinity water, the chemical composition of muscle was analyzed, muscle extracts prepared,
and their sensory components and sensory properties were assessed. Shrimp cultured in sea water had a higher content of crude
protein, lower moisture, and a higher flesh pH compared to the low salinity samples (P<0.05), whereas no significant differences were found in crude lipid and ash. The free amino acid composition of muscle extracts
and the amino acid composition of peptides from shrimp cultured in sea water and low salinity water were similar, that is,
the former had a very high content of glycine, arginine, proline and alanine, and the latter a very high content of glutamate,
glycine, arginine, proline and alanine. The major components of nucleotides were adenosine monophosphate and inosine monophosphate,
and the major components of organic acids were acetic acid and malic acid. Extracts from shrimp cultured in sea water had
enhanced umami, sweetness and overall flavor, and less of an earthy-musty taste compared to samples cultured in low salinity
water (P<0.05). Aftertaste did not differ between the two shrimp extracts (P>0.05). 相似文献
14.
采用凯氏定氮法及索氏抽提法对拟沼螺(Assiminea sp.)的基本营养成分以及氨基酸、脂肪酸的组成进行了测定和分析,并与蓝蛤、淡水钩虾、沙蚕、卤虫、轮虫等饵料生物进行了比较。结果显示,拟沼螺的粗蛋白含量为67.76%,高于比较组的饵料生物,水分含量最低为42.57%,粗脂肪含量为10.4%,高于蓝蛤、淡水钩虾和沙蚕;拟沼螺氨基酸组成全面,富含鱼虾生长所必需的各种氨基酸,总量达58.51%,必需氨基酸相对含量为46.62%,与蓝蛤(46.17%)、卤虫(47.31%)、轮虫(45.69%)、沙蚕(49.48%)的值接近,远大于WHO/FAO推荐模式(35.38%),但略低于鸡蛋蛋白模式(48.08%)。另外,拟沼螺的呈味氨基酸总量较高,是淡水钩虾的2.5倍。根据氨基酸评分或化学评分,拟沼螺的第一限制氨基酸均为缬氨酸。分析比较必需氨基酸指数,拟沼螺的必需氨基酸组成更接近中国对虾和斑节对虾的必需氨基酸组成。拟沼螺体内脂肪酸种类齐全,不饱和脂肪酸含量为54.64%,多不饱和脂肪酸含量为27.45%,EPA(二十二碳五烯酸)含量为9.56%,DHA(二十二碳六烯酸)含量为4.46%。营养成分分析结果表明,拟沼螺氨基酸组成全面,必需氨基酸含量高,脂肪酸种类齐全,含有较多多不饱和脂肪酸,能够满足对虾生长对氨基酸、脂肪酸等各种营养物质的利用需求,在促进对虾生长、提高免疫力等方面具有许多潜在功效,是一种优质的生物饵料。 相似文献
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Adriana De Souza Abreu Michele Moraes De Souza Meritaine Da Rocha Wilson Francisco Wasielesky Carlos Prentice 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2019,28(6):649-657
The processing of fish in general entails quantities of by-products, such as exoskeleton and cephalothorax of shrimp, which may reach 70%. Protein recovered from by-products has been investigated in recent years for its ability to offer more nutritious foods and improved functional properties. The objective of the present study was the use of the pH shifting process to recover proteins from solubilization and precipitation that are present in the by-products (heads and shells) of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). The proximal composition of the by-products presented 58.5% protein (d.b). The isoelectric point used to precipitate the protein was defined at pH 4. The protein concentrate presented 73.1% of protein. The yield of the protein concentrate mass resulted in 47.8% (w.b). The greatest solubility found for the protein concentrate was 51.3% at pH 8. The oil and water retention capacity resulted in values of 8.5 and 2.5 mL/g of protein, respectively, and the highest emulsifying capacity was found at pH 8. The by-products and concentrate amino acids profiles confirmed the presence of 16 amino acids. In general, the shrimp protein concentrate obtained showed the potential to be included as an ingredient in food formulations. 相似文献
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凡纳滨对虾虾肉和虾头中风味物质的比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为充分利用和开发虾头资源从而提高对虾经济附加值,同时探讨熟制对虾类风味产生的影响,以凡纳滨对虾生、熟虾肉和生、熟虾头为研究对象,利用氨基酸自动分析仪、高效液相色谱法(HPLC)和气相色谱—质谱联用法(GC/MS)分别对氨基酸、呈味核苷酸、挥发性物质和营养成分的含量进行检测。结果显示,虾头中的蛋白质含量显著高于虾肉,熟制会使粗蛋白的含量下降,但变化差异不显著;虾头中必需氨基酸(EAA)含量和游离氨基酸总量(TFAA)显著高于虾肉,二者主要游离氨基酸种类相同(甘氨酸、精氨酸、脯氨酸、丙氨酸和苏氨酸),对虾头呈味有贡献的游离氨基酸种类更丰富;虾头和虾肉中肌苷酸(IMP)含量最高,腺苷酸(AMP)次之,二者的味道强度值(TAV)均大于1,对鲜味贡献较大。GC/MS共检测出88种挥发性物质,虾肉和虾头中分别特有29种和18种,挥发性物质种类和含量的差异形成虾肉和虾头的特殊气味,熟制产生大量的醛类、酮类和芳香类物质。研究表明,凡纳滨对虾虾肉和虾头中营养物质、游离氨基酸、呈味核苷酸、挥发性物质的组成和含量对风味的贡献存在显著差异。 相似文献
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益生菌对凡纳滨对虾生长和全虾营养组成的影响 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
研究了芽孢杆菌制剂（Bacillus sp．,10^9CFU·g^-1）对凡纳滨对虾Litopenaeus vannamei（初始体重0．03g·尾^-1）生长性能、全虾营养成分和氨基酸的影响。7种试验饲料中芽孢杆菌制剂的添加量分别为0,0．5,1．0,1．5,2．0,2．5和3．0g·kg^-1饲料。芽孢杆菌制剂对凡纳滨对虾的成活率没有显著影响。摄食添加益生菌1．0和1．5g·kg^-1饲料的凡纳滨对虾的增重率高并且饲料系数低于对照组,特别是添加量为1．0g·kg^-1时,差异显著;然而,其它添加量并不存在显著性差异。添加益生菌对凡纳滨对虾全虾的水分、蛋白质和灰分含量的影响不显著;投喂添加益生菌1．0和1．5g·kg^-1饲料,脂肪含量高于对照组。饲料中添加益生菌可以改变凡纳滨对虾全虾中部分氨基酸的含量。 相似文献
18.
Indigenous pond biota contribute to the nutrition of shrimp grown in semi-intensive and extensive earthen ponds. Penaeus vannomei ingesta was used to assess the nutritional contribution of pond biota and applied feed in model 225 m2 nominally managed earthen ponds. Biochemical analyses were also performed on representative pond biota and pond environment samples. Average dry matter shrimp ingesta composition ( N = 64) was: available carbohydrate, 4.2%± 1.8%; lipid, 4.8%± 2.3%; available protein, 9.6%± l.0%; carbon, 9.6%± 1.0%; nitrogen, 5.9%± 2.9%. Ingesta carbon decreased from 27.0%± 3.9% on week 2 to 16.3%± 3.3% on week 8, and nitrogen content decreased from 9.5%± 4.3% to 3.6%± 0.8% during the same interval. The decrease of ingesta C:N ratio from weeks 2 to 8 may indicate changing nutritional requirements of the shrimp. Ingesta essential amino acids varied by less than 10% from short-neck clam protein. Except for several samples which were low in arginine, pond biota and environment samples contained amino acid profiles which were close to short-neck clam. Essential fatty acid composition of shrimp ingesta was highly variable. Ingesta 22:6 fatty acid was present in populations of shrimp from ponds experiencing the highest weekly growth rates. Ingesta 22:6 fatty acid was not present in measurable amounts in shrimp experiencing the lowest growth. The unsaturated fatty acids 20:5 and 22:6 were absent from some pond biota and environment samples and abundant in others. The applied diet contained no measurable 20:5 or 22:6. The management implications of shrimp ingesta biochemical analyses are that diets may be fed which nutritionally complement pond biota consumed by the shrimp. 相似文献
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Taghi Tazikeh Abdolmohammad Abedian Kenari Mohammad Esmaeili 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(2):674-686
Shortage of fish meal (FM) resources in the marine environment, high price and high demand for this ingredient led researchers to seek for alternative protein resources such as meat and bone meal (MBM). The effects of adding MBM and garlic powder to the shrimp diet on growth performance, muscle composition, amino acid and fatty acid profiles of whiteleg shrimp (5.00 ± 0.23 g) were investigated. A total of six dietary treatments were formulated: 0%MBM (control without garlic powder), 25%MBM and 50%MBM (treatments without garlic powder; WG treatments); 0%MBM+G (control with garlic powder), 25%MBM+G and 50%MBM+G (treatments with garlic powder; G treatments). Our results indicated that increase MBM level in the diets (up to 50%MBM) impaired growth performance, muscle composition, fatty acid and amino acid profiles in the muscle of shrimp. Interestingly, garlic supplementation improved the aforementioned factors so that shrimp fed 50%MBM+G diet had no significant difference when compared to 0%MBM group. The current results indicated that garlic could increase levels of FM replacement by increasing feed intake, improving protein and amino acid utilization. Overall, 50%MBM+G diet is recommended for use in shrimp production. 相似文献
20.
Yi‐Rong Yue Yong‐Jian Liu Li‐Xia Tian Lian Gan Hui‐Jun Yang Gui‐Ying Liang 《Aquaculture Research》2012,43(11):1687-1696
An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing fish meal (FM) with soybean meal (SBM) and peanut meal (PM) on growth, feed utilization, body composition and haemolymph indexes of juvenile white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, Boone. Five diets were formulated: a control diet (FM30) containing 30% fish meal and four other diets (FM20, FM15, FM10 and FM5) in which protein from fish meal was substituted by protein from SBM and PM. The dietary amino acids of diets FM20, FM15, FM10 and FM5 were equal to those of the diet FM30 by adding crystalline amino acids (lysine and methionine). Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 30 shrimps (initial weight = 0.48 g), each three times daily. The results indicated that shrimp fed the diets FM15, FM10 and FM5 had poor growth performance and feed utilization compared with shrimp fed the control diet. No difference was observed in feed intake, survival and body composition among dietary treatments. The plasma total cholesterol level of shrimp and the digestibility of dry matter, protein and energy contained in the diets decreased significantly with increasing PM and SBM inclusion levels. Results of this study suggested that fish meal can be reduced from 300 to 200 g kg?1 when replaced by a mixture of SBM and PM. 相似文献