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1.
为了实现香梨硬度这一重要内部品质的无损检测评估,该文结合有限元模态和试验模态分析方法,以了解香梨果形对不同振动模态频率的影响,并基于模态频率建立适于不同果形香梨硬度评估的指标。研究结果表明,扁圆-扁椭模态和第一类球形模态的频率可用于检测分析,信号感测适宜位置分别为香梨的梗端和赤道部,所获得的频率随香梨纵横比增大分别呈线性递减和递增趋势,根据这2种模态频率建立了新的硬度指标,与传统硬度指标比较,应用香梨硬度评估新指标计算时,香梨2种模态频率的有限元结果与试验结果的比值更接近1,分别为1.0050±0.0042和1.0000±0.0043。因此,硬度评估新指标可以准确地评估香梨的硬度,并且成功消除了果形的影响,研究结果对今后香梨果实硬度振动法无损检测技术开发更具有实际指导意义。 相似文献
2.
施有机肥及套袋对鸭梨果实风味品质的影响 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
为探讨施有机肥和套袋对鸭梨果实风味品质的影响,采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术（GC-MS）及高效液相色谱技术（HPLC）,研究了生长期施有机肥和套袋对鸭梨果实挥发性成分、 糖类和有机酸组分等风味物质的组成和含量的影响。结果表明, 供试鸭梨共检测到挥发性物质3类30种,其中酯类26种、 烯类3种、 醇类1种。施有机肥和套袋改变了鸭梨果实的特征香气成分的种类和含量。施用有机肥使套袋和不套袋鸭梨香气物质种类分别增加8种和6种,香气物质总量分别增加182.89%和127.16%。套袋使施有机肥和复合肥鸭梨的香气物质种类分别减少了8种和10种,香气物质总量分别减少66.32%和72.98%。不同处理鸭梨共检测到4种糖、 7种有机酸组分,其中糖组分主要为果糖,其次为蔗糖、 山梨醇、 葡萄糖; 有机酸组分主要为苹果酸,其次为乙酸、 柠檬酸、 莽草酸、 奎宁酸、 酒石酸、 琥珀酸。施用有机肥使鸭梨糖总量和酸总量升高,套袋使鸭梨糖总量和有机酸总量降低。施有机肥使鸭梨果实香气物质种类和含量增加,糖类和有机酸含量升高,而套袋使鸭梨果实香气物质种类和含量减少,糖类和有机酸含量降低。 相似文献
3.
d'Anjou cv. pear fruit (Pyrus communis L.) exposed at harvest to 0, 0.42, 4.2, or 42 micromol m(-)(3) 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) for 12 h at 20 degrees C were stored at 1 degrees C for up to 8 months. After storage, half of the fruit was continuously exposed to ethylene (0.45 or 4-18 mmol m(-)(3)) for 7 days at 20 degrees C. All fruit treated with 1-MCP had lower respiration and ethylene production compared to untreated controls. Fruit quality changes were delayed following 1-MCP treatment, as was development of superficial scald and peel yellowing. The duration of 1-MCP-induced responses was dependent on 1-MCP treatment concentration. When 1-MCP-treated fruit began to ripen, softening and production of volatile compounds proceeded similar to that of untreated fruit. Post-storage ethylene exposure did not consistently stimulate ripening of fruit previously treated with 1-MCP. Efficacy of ethylene treatment depended on 1-MCP concentration and storage duration. 相似文献
4.
水分调控对梨枣果实品质与投入产出效益的影响分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本试验以梨枣为试验材料, 设置5 个灌水梯度(保持70%、60%、50%、40%的田间持水量和不灌水对照), 分别在梨枣萌芽展叶期、开花坐果期与果实膨大期各灌水2 次, 研究水分调控对梨枣果实品质的影响,并进行投入产出效益的比较分析。结果表明: (1)梨枣果实膨大期与开花坐果期是影响果实品质与经济效益的关键需水时期。(2)适当灌溉可以明显改善果实的风味品质与营养品质, 并显著提高梨枣树的果实单果重与果实收获数; 但灌水过多, 产量与品质未得到明显改善, 却增加了成本。(3)合理调控“高产”与“优质”的关键需水时期, 可以均衡达到“高产和优质”。综合分析认为: 对陕北梨枣树灌溉至田间持水量的60%比较适宜,既改善梨枣果实品质, 并显著提高经济产量。 相似文献
5.
香梨静压接触应力测量及损伤预测 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
为了实现香梨果实静压损伤面积的准确评估和预测,该文采用Prescale感压胶片对香梨不同静压水平下的接触应力分布进行测量分析和有限元模拟。研究结果表明,当香梨50～200N静压时,50N时香梨无肉眼可辨的损伤,感压胶片测量的峰值应力0.5～0.6MPa,其应力面积在香梨损伤面积中所占很小;感压胶片测量的接触应力分布中只有≥0.2MPa范围的应力面积非常接近香梨损伤面积,因此可作为香梨损伤面积的应力阈限。当该应力阈限用于香梨静压有限元模拟的损伤面积预测时,100和150N压力下的相对误差率约6%,200N压力下的预测误差为13%,这说明有限元法能够较准确地预测香梨静压损伤面积,从而可为今后香梨采收、分级和包装装置的减损结构优化设计提供依据。 相似文献
6.
硼对砀山酥梨营养生长和果实品质的影响 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
为改善砀山酥梨树体营养状况,提高果实品质,在其新梢生长期（3～7月份）,叶面喷施不同浓度水平（0.2%,0.3%,0.4%）的硼肥（硼砂）,研究不同处理对砀山酥梨叶片硼含量及其变化动态、砀山酥梨营养生长和果实品质的影响。结果表明:砀山酥梨叶片硼含量随新梢生长而上升,在新梢停长期含量最高,之后开始下降,呈现低高低的变化趋势;叶面喷施不同浓度水平的硼肥后,在0.2%～0.3%范围内,叶片含硼量随喷施浓度的提高而增加;适量施硼促进了砀山酥梨的新梢生长,显著增加了单叶面积、百叶重、叶片叶绿素含量;提高了砀山酥梨果实的可溶性糖、可溶性固形物含量和果肉硬度,降低了果实含酸量。综合果树生长状况、果实品质和生产成本等因素,砀山酥梨树体缺硼时,在新梢生长期的3～7月份,叶面喷施2～3次0.3% 的硼肥效果最好。 相似文献
7.
Butera D Tesoriere L Di Gaudio F Bongiorno A Allegra M Pintaudi AM Kohen R Livrea MA 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(23):6895-6901
Sicilian cultivars of prickly pear (Opuntia ficus indica) produce yellow, red, and white fruits, due to the combination of two betalain pigments, the purple-red betanin and the yellow-orange indicaxanthin. The betalain distribution in the three cultivars and the antioxidant activities of methanolic extracts from edible pulp were investigated. In addition, the reducing capacity of purified betanin and indicaxanthin was measured. According to a spectrophotometric analysis, the yellow cultivar exhibited the highest amount of betalains, followed by the red and white ones. Indicaxanthin accounted for about 99% of betalains in the white fruit, while the ratio of betanin to indicaxanthin varied from 1:8 (w:w) in the yellow fruit to 2:1 (w:w) in the red one. Polyphenol pigments were negligible components only in the red fruit. When measured as 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox) equivalents per gram of pulp, the methanolic fruit extracts showed a marked antioxidant activity. Vitamin C did not account for more than 40% of the measured activity. In addition, the extracts dose-dependently inhibited the organic hydroperoxide-stimulated red cell membrane lipid oxidation, as well as the metal-dependent and -independent low-density lipoprotein oxidation. The extract from the white fruit showed the highest protection in all models of lipid oxidation. Purified betanin and indicaxanthin were more effective than Trolox at scavenging the [2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] diammonium salt cation radical. Cyclic voltammetric measurements show two anodic waves for betanin and indicaxanthin, and differential pulse voltammetry shows three anodic waves for betanin, with calculated peak potentials of 404, 616, and 998 mV, and two anodic waves for indicaxanthin, with peak potentials of 611 and 895 mV. Betanin underwent complex formation through chelation with Cu(2+), whereas indicaxanthin was not modified. These findings suggest that the above betalains contribute to the antioxidant activity of prickly pear fruits. 相似文献
8.
新疆地方品种梨果实品质性状综合评价 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
为了优良品种的筛选、选育及推广应用提供科学理论依据,建立8个新疆地方品种梨的果实品质综合评价体系。以‘鄯善红梨’‘鄯善句句梨’‘鄯善黄麻梨’‘晚熟塔西梨’‘鄯善早熟句句梨’‘诺尕依梨’‘雅格丽克梨’和‘库车句句梨’为试材,测定其14项果实内外品质指标,对14项指标进行相关性分析和因子分析,建立基于因子分析的综合品质评价模型,并根据综合品质得分进行优良度排序。结果表明:8个新疆地方品种梨14项果实品质性状变异系数有所不同,其中色差值a~*(红绿差异)的变异系数较大,其变异系数为225.40%,单果质量、果实纵径、果心质量、色差值L~*、果实硬度、总酸含量和糖酸比的变异系数均中等,在20.0%～45.0%范围之内,其余果实品质指标的变异系数均相对较小(小于20.0%),且各果实品质指标间均存在不同程度的相关性。经因子分析提取出特征根值均大于1的4个公因子,其累计方差贡献率达88.90%,其中第1公因子的贡献率为31.15%,主要由果实纵径、单果质量、果心质量、果实横径和果形指数5个因子决定,主要反映了果实大小、果心大小和果实形状。第2公因子的贡献率为23.31%,由糖酸比、果实硬度、含糖量和总酸含量4个因子决定,主要反映了果实酸甜口感品质和耐运强度的高低。第3公因子的贡献率为18.29%,由色差值L~*、色差值a~*和色差值b~*3个因子决定,主要反映了果实表面颜色色差程度。第4公因子的贡献率为16.15%,由可食率和果柄长度2个因子决定,主要反映了果实可食部分大小和果实抗风能力强度的高低。经综合品质评价模型得出,新疆梨8个地方品种果实综合品质得分的优良度排序依次为‘诺尕依梨’‘雅格丽克梨’‘库车句句梨’‘鄯善黄麻梨’‘鄯善句句梨’‘鄯善红梨’‘鄯善早熟句句梨’‘晚熟塔西梨’,研究结果为新疆地方梨品种的合理应用及科学推广提供参考。 相似文献
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10.
基于声振响应法的香梨硬度无损检测 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
为了探索香梨硬度无损检测的方法,该研究搭建了由压电梁式传感器进行信号激励和感测的检测装置,分析了装置信号检测的稳定性,提取了香梨共振频率和声速并进行香梨硬度评估,然后将这两响应参数的评估硬度与香梨硬度的M-T穿刺法(Magness-Taylor)测量结果进行线性回归分析,以构建香梨硬度的检测模型。结果表明,检测装置的共振频率和声速信号检测稳定可靠,并且在香梨赤道部不同位置激励感测均无显著差异(P0.05);基于共振频率法和声速法的硬度评估指标可以构建3种香梨硬度检测模型,相关系数分别为0.841、0.877和0.938,其中由共振频率检测硬度和声速检测硬度联合构建的检测模型硬度检测敏感度为67.30%,最接近M-T穿刺法检测敏感度,该模型对香梨正常果和粗皮果的检测准确率较高,达到86.7%。研究结果可为声振法无损检测香梨硬度提供参考。 相似文献
11.
Lee KH Cho JY Lee HJ Ma YK Kwon J Park SH Lee SH Cho JA Kim WS Park KH Moon JH 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(18):10124-10128
Two novel caffeoylmalic acid methyl esters, 2-O-(trans-caffeoyl)malic acid 1-methyl ester (6) and 2-O-(trans-caffeoyl)malic acid 4-methyl ester (7), were isolated from pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai cv. Chuhwangbae) fruit peels. In addition, 5 known hydroxycinnamoylmalic acids and their methyl esters were identified: 2-O-(trans-coumaroyl)malic acid (1), 2-O-(cis-coumaroyl)malic acid (2), 2-O-(cis-coumaroyl)malic acid 1-methyl ester (3), 2-O-(trans-coumaroyl)malic acid 1-methyl ester (4), and 2-O-(trans-caffeoyl)malic acid (phaselic acid, 5). The chemical structures of these compounds were determined by spectroscopic data from ESI MS and NMR. Of all the isolated compounds, five hydroxycinnamoylmalic acids and their methyl esters (2-4, 6, 7) were identified in the pear for the first time. 相似文献
12.
三节臂机载式疏花机的研制与试验 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为减小疏果环节繁重的用工压力、提升果园作业效率和降低用工成本,该文基于自主研发的三节臂机载式疏花机,在"Y"字棚架形翠冠梨园中进行了疏花试验研究。以达到50%的花蕾保留率为疏花目标,结合疏花绳击打力度测试,确定了疏花轴在0.44 m/s行进速度下的最佳作业转速:254 r/min。疏花机田间性能试验中,研究疏花机疏花与人工定果、手持式疏花器疏花与人工定果、人工疏花与定果3种作业方式相比于只人工疏果作业方式,对花蕾保留率、坐果率、作业效率、果实产量及品质的影响。试验结果表明:机械疏花与人工疏花在作业质量上无明显差异,但疏花机作业稳定性较其他作业方式高;疏花机可降低梨树的绝对坐果率,虽然对幼果坐果量有一定的影响,但是经过定果环节后并不影响后期果实的产量及品质;疏花机的疏花效率在所有试验组中最高,相比于单一的人工疏果方式可节约66.17%的时间,适合机械化梨园大规模作业;手持式疏花器的作业效率仅次于疏花机,相比于单一的人工疏果方式作业时间可节约37.26%,适用于中小规模梨园。该试验研究有利于提高疏花机作业质量,为梨园机械化管理提供参考。 相似文献
13.
Corral-Aguayo RD Yahia EM Carrillo-Lopez A González-Aguilar G 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(22):10498-10504
The contents of antioxidant nutritional compounds, total soluble phenolics (TSP), vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene, and total carotenoids (TC), were correlated with the total antioxidant capacity (AOC) of hydrophilic (HPE) and lipophilic extracts (LPE) from eight horticultural crops, namely, guava, avocado, black sapote, mango, papaya, prickly pear fruit, cladodes, and strawberry. AOC was measured using six different assays: 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylendiamine (DMPD), ferric-ion-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), and total oxidant scavenging capacity (TOSC). AOC values from HPE were about 95 times higher than LPE values. HPE of guava had the highest AOC value when evaluated with DMPD, DPPH, FRAP, TEAC, and TOSC assays, whereas with ORAC assay, black sapote had the highest value. HPE of papaya and prickly pear fruit presented the lowest AOC values with all assays. From HPE, vitamin C and TSP contents were highly correlated with AOC for all assays, while from LPE, TC and beta-carotene contents possessed a high correlation with AOC only in the DMPD assay. 相似文献
14.
Qualitative and quantitative analyses of betalain pigments in 10 cultivars/lines of prickly pear (Opuntia spp.) fruit grown in Mexico were conducted with reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) coupled with electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Betacyanins and betaxanthins were identified by comparison with the UV/vis and mass spectrometric characteristics as well as the retention times of semisynthesized reference betaxanthins. Data revealed that the ratio and concentration of betalain pigments are responsible for the color in the different cultivars, showing the highest betalains content in the fruit of purple colored Camuesa (O. robusta Wendl.) (8.1 mg/g dry fruit), which is comparable to that found in red beet Beta vulgaris L. ssp. Var. Pablo) (8.6 mg/g dry tissue). Yellow betalains were absent in Reyna (O. alba-carpa) prickly pear cultivar. A total of 24 known/unknown betalains were present in the prickly pear fruit samples studied, including 18 betaxanthins and 6 betacyanins. Our results indicate that prickly pear cultivars can be considered as a potential source of yellow and red natural colorants. 相似文献
15.
Xiao-Fang Deng Zhu-Qing Zhao Zeng-Yu Han Li-Qiang Huang Chen-Hao Lv Zhi-Hua Zhang Hai-Qing Zhang Xin-Wei Liu 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2019,182(4):637-646
Consuming selenium (Se)‐rich fruit may play an important role in human health by supplementing Se. The aims of this study were to (1) determine the Se tolerance of pear trees and (2) explore the effects of different Se sources and spraying dates on Se concentrations and transformation of inorganic Se into organic Se compounds in various parts of the pear tree and on fruit quality. Spraying Se(IV) or Se(VI) at a concentration of > 40 mg L?1 resulted in leaf yellowing, marginal withering, and finally leaf abscission. Furthermore, fruit growth and appearance were adversely affected at high Se doses. At the same application stage, Se concentrations in different parts of the fruit were 1.1–4.7 times higher under Se(VI) compared to Se(IV) treatment. For the same Se source, Se concentrations under treatment at the fruit expanding stage were 1.9–2.5 times higher than under treatment at the fruit‐setting stage. Of the total Se in the fruit, 40% accumulated in the juice under Se(IV) treatment and > 70% under Se(VI) treatment. However, regardless of the Se source, the Se in the juice was almost all inorganic, while the transformation of inorganic Se into organic Se compounds was > 80% and 70% in the peel and pomace, respectively. Foliar Se application somewhat improved fruit quality by increasing the concentration of soluble solids. Compared to other species, Se tolerance in pear trees was relatively low. Given the high accumulation of Se and efficient transformation of inorganic Se into organic Se compounds in the peel, consumption of unpeeled Se‐rich pears is recommended. 相似文献
16.
水果直径和缺陷面积的机器视觉检测 总被引：14，自引：4，他引：14
黄花梨是中国的一种重要水果,果径和果面缺陷面积是黄花梨分级的两项关键指标。通过研究黄花梨的分光反射特性,研制了一套适合黄花梨品质检测的机器视觉系统。为了适应实际生产中水果方向的随机性和水果外形的不规则性的要求,使水果尺寸检测的方法有更好的适应性,设计了一种利用水果的最小外接矩形(MER)法求最大横径的方法,并进行了试验验证,得出了表示实际最大横径与预测最大横径的关系的回归方程式,两者的相关系数为0.9962。分析了黄花梨缺陷区域的R、G、B各分量灰度的变化特点,利用R分量灰度和G分量灰度在缺陷区域和完好区域交界处有明显突变这一特点,采用梯度算法求得了可疑缺陷点,然后再用区域生长法,找出了缺陷点像素的最大连通集及所有的缺陷区域;采用像素点变换法,实现了根据三维物体的二维投影图像恢复物体表面的真实几何面积的设想,大大降低了缺陷面积计算的误差;另外,还提出了一种新的面积修正方法,即用实际缺陷面积等于经像素点变换后的缺陷面积减去缺陷区域周长的一半加上1个像素点的面积来进行修正,进一步提高了缺陷面积计算的精度,而且该修正方法同样适用于其它图像面积的计算 相似文献
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针对不规则果形梨果,为构建适用于评估果形不规则梨果硬度的硬度指标,该研究采用傅里叶描述子对梨果轮廓进行描述,并将试验模态分析和有限元模态分析相结合,研究果形变化对梨果振动频率的影响规律,基于振动频率和果形描述子构建硬度评估指标。结果表明,采用前15个傅里叶描述子可以准确描述啤梨果形轮廓特征,第1傅里叶描述子与啤梨低频弯曲、挤压、呼吸模态频率线性相关性较高,相关系数分别为-0.923、-0.922、0.700;挤压模态振动变形在赤道部较大,测试时易于提取共振频率,因此选取挤压模态频率构建含有第1傅里叶描述子的硬度指标,新指标评估硬度值与M-T穿刺硬度实测值决定系数为0.892。研究结果可为果形不规则梨果硬度评价提供参考。 相似文献
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Leontowicz M Gorinstein S Leontowicz H Krzeminski R Lojek A Katrich E Cíz M Martin-Belloso O Soliva-Fortuny R Haruenkit R Trakhtenberg S 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(19):5780-5785
The aim of this study was to assess the bioactive compounds of apple and pear peel and pulp in vitro and their influence on plasma lipids and antioxidant potentials in vivo. The antioxidant potentials measured by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), beta-carotene bleaching (beta-carotene), and nitric oxide inhibition radical scavenging (NO) tests in apple peel and pulp were significantly higher than in pear peel and pulp, respectively. The ethanol extract of apple peels showed the strongest inhibition of lipid peroxidation as a function of its concentration and was comparable to the antioxidant activity of butylated hydroxyanisole. The pear pulp extract had the weakest antioxidant ability, whereas other extracts such as apple pulp and pear peel were nearly equal. The antioxidant activities comprised contributions from polyphenols, phenolic acids, and flavonoids and correlated well with polyphenols and flavonoids. The correlation coefficients between polyphenols and antioxidant activities by DPPH, beta-carotene, and NO were as follows: 0.9207, 0.9350, and 0.9453. Contrarily, the correlation coefficient between the content of dietary fiber and the antioxidant activities test was low. The content of all studied indices in apple and pear peel was significantly higher than in peeled fruits (p < 0.05). Diets supplemented with fruit peels exercised a significantly higher positive influence on plasma lipid levels and on plasma antioxidant capacity of rats than diets with fruit pulps. 相似文献
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Omid Askari-Khorasgani Mehrdad Jafarpour Mohammad-Mehdi Hadad 《Journal of plant nutrition》2019,42(4):323-332
The growth, yield and fruit quality of 7-year-old trees of “Sahahmiveh” pear grafted on six rootstocks, including four quinces (QA, QB, QC, and PQBA29) and an Iranian native pear “Konjoni,” and a wild-type European pear (Pyrus communis L.), were evaluated in a completely randomized design trial with three replications at the Agricultural Research Center of Kabutarabad, Isfahan, Iran in 2 years (2013 and 2014). Yield and fruit weight of all rootstocks were markedly enhanced in the second year of the experiment. Considering both fruit yield and quality, “Sahahmiveh” scions on PQBA29 had the most suitable performance in both years. “Sahahmiveh”-PQBA29 combination exhibited the largest leaf dimensions (5.03?cm width and 7.27?cm length), fruit size values (6.3?cm width and 9.3?cm length), fruit weight (205?g per fruit) the highest yield (41.3?kg per tree), and acceptable fruit internal quality (0.4% titratable acidity and 17.4°brix total soluble solid) in 2014. The highest yield followed by QA (39.6?kg per tree) without significant differences compared to PQBA29. However, “Sahahmiveh”-QA fruit weight (189?g per fruit) and width (5.9?cm) values were markedly less than that of “Sahahmiveh”-PQBA29 in 2014. In conclusion, “Shahmiveh” pear cultivar grafted on PQBA29 exhibited more suitable fruit yield and quality values compared to the other rootstocks and, thus, would be the best rootstock for “Sahahmiveh” pear in Isfahan. 相似文献