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1.
Zoonotic transmission of sylvatic plague caused by Yersinia pestis occurs in California, USA. Human infections with various Bartonella species have been reported recently. Coyotes (Canis latrans) are ubiquitous throughout California and can become infected with both bacterial agents, making the species useful for surveillance purposes. This study examined the geographic distribution of 863 coyotes tested for Y. pestis and Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii serologic status to gain insight into the natural history of B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii and to characterize the spatial distribution of the two agents.

We found 11.7% of specimens positive to Y. pestis and 35.5% positive to B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii. The two pathogens had distinct spatial clusters: Y. pestis was more prevalent in eastern portions of the state and B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii in coastal regions. Prevalence of Y. pestis increased with increasing elevation, whereas prevalence of B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii decreased with increasing elevation. There were differences in the proportions of positive animals on a yearly basis to both pathogens.  相似文献   


2.
巴尔通体是一种人兽共患病的病原,其传播情况比较复杂.牛、犬、人、啮齿类动物和野生动物都是其宿主,蝇、跳蚤、虱子、蛉等节肢动物都是其储存宿主.猫可以感染5种巴尔通体,包括Bartonella henselae、B.bovis、B.clarridgeae、B.koehlerae和B.quintana.研究表明,猫抓病主要是...  相似文献   

3.
为了解四川省石渠县羊蜱蝇巴尔通体和斑点热群立克次体感染情况,采集藏绵羊体表羊蜱蝇,经形态学鉴定后,提取羊蜱蝇总DNA,PCR扩增巴尔通体gltA和rpoB基因、斑点热群立克次体OmpA和OmpB基因,对阳性产物测序、比对及构建进化树,从而确定羊蜱蝇感染巴尔通体和斑点热群立克次体的种类及感染率。在石渠县的4个乡镇总计采集到407只羊蜱蝇成虫,4个乡镇均检出了Bartonella melophagi,总感染率为14.0%（57/407）。在阿日扎镇、呷衣乡和长沙贡马乡检出了Rickettsia raoultii,总感染率为11.1%（45/407）,且长沙贡马乡感染率显著高于阿日扎镇和呷衣乡（P<0.05）;在新荣乡检出了Rickettsia sp.,感染率为6.6%（8/121）。本次试验中,未发现混合感染。石渠县藏绵羊源羊蜱蝇携带巴尔通体和立克次体,首次在石渠县藏绵羊源羊蜱蝇中检出了B.melophagi、R.raoultii和Rickettsia sp.。  相似文献   

4.
Tritrichomonas foetus is recognized as the causative agent of venereal trichomoniasis in cattle. It is characterized by embryonic and early fetal death and post-coital pyometra, and feline trichomoniasis, manifest as chronic, large bowel diarrhea. Many of the infected cats are less than 2 years old and specific routes of transmission remain unknown. We recently demonstrated that feline isolates of T. foetus can successfully infect heifers, resulting in pathologic changes similar, but not identical to those previously reported as representative of bovine trichomoniasis. In this study, we experimentally infected six cats less than 1 year of age with a bovine (D-1) isolate of T. foetus and one cat with a feline (AUTf-1) isolate of T. foetus. Within 2 weeks, the cat infected with the feline (AUTf-1) isolate was culture positive for trichomonads in weekly fecal samples. At the end of 5 weeks, only one cat infected with the bovine (D-1) isolate was fecal culture positive for trichomonads. At necropsy, the intestine of each cat was removed and divided into five sections (ileum, cecum, anterior, medial and posterior colon). Contents from each section were collected and cultured. The cat infected with the feline (AUTf-1) isolate was culture positive in the ileum, cecum, medial and posterior colon. Two cats infected with the bovine (D-1) isolate were culture positive in the cecum only. Additionally, each intestinal section was submitted to a pathologist for histopathological examination. The combined results indicate that there are demonstrable differences between the feline (AUTf-1) and bovine (D-1) isolates regarding their infectivity in cats.  相似文献   

5.
旨在了解四川省松潘县牦牛体表蜱、高原鼠兔巴尔通体和无形体感染情况。采集牦牛体表的蜱和捕获高原鼠兔，对蜱进行形态学初步鉴定后，提取蜱和高原鼠兔脾总DNA，PCR扩增蜱16S rRNA、巴尔通体rpoB和无形体16S rRNA基因，对PCR产物阳性产物测序、比对及构建系统进化树，从而确定蜱种类及蜱和高原鼠兔感染巴尔通体和无形体的种类及感染率。结果显示：在松潘县进安乡、山巴乡、下八寨乡各采集到蜱102、97和131只，共计330只，经鉴定均为青海血蜱。蜱巴尔通体仅检出1种巴尔通体，与B.melophagi亲缘关系最近，进安乡、山巴乡和下八寨乡检出率分别为16.7%、8.2%和18.3%，其中下八寨乡检出率显著高于进安乡（P<0.05）；蜱源无形体进安乡、山巴乡和下八寨乡检出率分别为9.8%、12.4%和26.7%，下八寨乡检出率显著高于进安乡（P<0.01），检出的无形体均为1种，与牛无形体（A.bovis）亲缘关系最近；下八寨乡检出的鼠兔源巴尔通体与B.queenslandens亲缘关系最近，感染率为6.7%；进安乡、山巴乡和下八寨乡检出的鼠兔源巴尔通体与B.grahamii亲缘关系最近，感染率分别为8.7%、17.9%和13.3%，3个点检出率无显著差异；未定种Bartonella sp.（MN296294）和Bartonella sp.（MN296293）仅分别在进安乡和下巴乡检出；与蜱均检出无形体不同，高原鼠兔均未检出无形体。此外，蜱和高原鼠兔均未发现2种及2种以上病原混合感染。松潘县青海血蜱携带巴尔通体和无形体，高原鼠兔感染巴尔通体，且首次在高原鼠兔体内检测到疑似B.queenslandens的病原体，提示当地居民有感染这两类病原风险。  相似文献   

6.
Practical relevance: Bartonellae are small, vector-transmitted Gram-negative intracellular bacteria that are well adapted to one or more mammalian reservoir hosts. Cats are the natural reservoir for Bartonella henselae, which is a (re-)emerging bacterial pathogen. It can cause cat scratch disease in humans and, in immunocompromised people, may lead to severe systemic diseases, such as bacillary angiomatosis. Cats bacteraemic with B henselae constitute the main reservoir from which humans become infected. Most cats naturally infected with B henselae show no clinical signs themselves, but other Bartonella species for which cats are accidental hosts appear to have more pathogenicity. Global importance: Several studies have reported a prevalence of previous or current Bartonella species infection in cats of up to 36%. B henselae is common in cats worldwide, and bacteraemia can be documented by blood culture in about a quarter of healthy cats. The distribution of B henselae to various parts of the world has largely occurred through humans migrating with their pet cats. The pathogen is mainly transmitted from cat to cat by fleas, and the majority of infected cats derive from areas with high flea exposure. No significant difference in B henselae prevalence has been determined between male and female cats. In studies on both naturally and experimentally infected cats, chronic bacteraemia has mainly been found in cats under the age of 2 years, while those over 2 years of age are rarely chronically bacteraemic. Evidence base: This article reviews published studies and case reports on bartonellosis to explore the clinical significance of the infection in cats and its impact on humans. The article also discusses possible treatment options for cats and means of minimising the zoonotic potential.  相似文献   

7.
Bartonellosis has been widely studied in human and veterinary medicine over the past two decades. Despite this fact, it remains an enigmatic disease in many ways. The causative bacteria, Bartonella spp, are transmitted to cats by fleas and thus the prevalence in cat populations, particularly in temperate climates, is high. Most cats, whether infected naturally or experimentally, remain asymptomatic. Thus, correlating the presence of the organism to clinical disease, including uveitis, in cats has been difficult. This review summarizes what is known of the transmission and pathogenesis of Bartonella spp in cats, the possible role of the organism in feline ocular disease, as well methods of diagnosis and treatment.  相似文献   

8.
Ectoparasites are a common and important cause of skin disorders in cats. Ectoparasites are capable of disease transmission and can cause life-threatening anemia in young or debilitated animals. The objective of this study was to determine the potential feline ectoparasites in domestic cats by using a cohort of feral cats from north central Florida that have not received veterinary care and have no known exposure to insecticide application. A total of 200 feral cats were randomly selected for this study. Four monthly sessions were scheduled for feral cat ectoparasite examination and sample collection. Five minutes flea combing revealed that 185/200 (92.5%) of the cats were infested with fleas. The cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis was the most common flea infesting 92.5% feral cats (mean = 13.6; standard deviation +/- 16.4 fleas per cat). Pulex simulans was identified on 9/200 (4.5%) (mean = 1 +/- 0.50 fleas per cat). Echidnophaga gallinacea was found on 11/200 (5.5%) of cats (mean = 14.8 +/- 9.63 fleas per cat). There was a significant difference (P = 0.0005) in the average number of C. felis counted per cat between months. Mean counts in June (18.3 +/- 2.4) and July (16.6 +/- 2.1) were significantly (P < 0.01) higher than in August (8.4 +/- 2.5) and September (7.7 +/- 2.0). Only 15/200 cats had skin disease. Flea infestation may potentially be the underlying cause in 10/15. Otoscopic examination of both ears revealed mite movement and black ceruminous exudate typically indicative of the presence of Otodectes cynotis in 45/200 (22.5%) cats. Examination of a swab specimen from both ear canals of all cats revealed O. cynotis in 74/200 (37%) cats. Of 74 cats positive on ear swab, 8 (10.8%) showed a normal ear canal appearance (no or mild ceruminous exudate) in both ears upon otoscopic examination. A total of nine ticks were recovered from five cats. The number and species of ticks recovered were: one adult female Rhipicephalus sanguineus; one adult female Amblyomma americanum; one adult male A. americanum; five adult female Dermacentor variabilis; and one adult female Ixodes scapularis. All superficial skin scrapes were negative. Hair clippings from the abdomen of all cats revealed 2/200 (1%) of the cats were infested with Felicola subrostratus.  相似文献   

9.
A large number of Bartonella species and genetic variants were compared for their ability to cause bacteremia in different rodent species: the cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus), white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus), BALB/c mouse and Wistar rat. Experimental data supported field observations that host specificity can occur among certain Bartonella species and rodent species. Bacteremia could only be readily produced in cotton rats or white-footed mice if the strains used for inoculation were originally obtained from the same species or from a phylogenetically close species. A few Bartonella colonies could be observed in the blood of some BALB/c mice by 7 days after inoculation, but no evidence of the persistence of the infection was found. Host specificity suggests the possibility of a long co-speciation of Bartonella species with their rodent hosts. Host–parasite relationships measured by the duration and level of bacteremia and the minimal infectious dose may serve as additional criteria for classification of Bartonella isolates obtained from natural environments.  相似文献   

10.
Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) are common and often fatal feline neoplasms. Factors that predispose to neoplasm development in cats are poorly defined. Around 25% of human OSCCs are caused by papillomaviruses (PVs). To determine if PVs are associated with OSCCs in cats, three sets of consensus primers were used to evaluate 20 feline OSCCs and 20 non-neoplastic feline oral lesions for the presence of PV DNA. Papillomaviral sequences were detected within one OSCC, but no non-neoplastic lesion. Sequencing of the amplified DNA revealed a previously unreported PV that was most similar to human PV type 76. This is the first time PV DNA has been amplified from the oral cavity of a cat. However, while these results suggest that feline gingival epithelial cells can be infected by PVs, they do not support a causal association between viral infection and the development of feline OSCCs.  相似文献   

11.
A total of 15 (T-1–T-15) domestic cats with neurological disorders in Tokyo area were examined for association with Borna disease virus (BDV). None had detectable antibodies to feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), feline leukemia virus, feline infectious peritonitis virus and Toxoplasma gondii, and only cat T-8 had detectable antibody to FIV. Serological and molecular epidemiological studies revealed a significantly high prevalence of BDV infection in these cats: antibodies against BDV p24 and/or p40 proteins in 10/15 (66.7%) and p24 and/or p40 RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in 8/15 (53.3%). Further, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry analyses of the autopsied brain samples derived from one of the cats (T-15) revealed BDV RNA predominantly in neuronal cells in restricted regions, such as olfactory bulb and medulla of cerebrum. Thus, BDV is present in Japanese domestic cats with neurological disorders at a high prevalence.  相似文献   

12.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether Mycoplasma haemofelis (Mhf) and Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum (Mhm) can be transmitted by ingestion of Mycoplasma-infected Ctenocephalides felis and by-products (feces, larvae, and eggs). ANIMALS: 10 cats. PROCEDURE: 3 cats were carriers of Mhf, and 1 was a carrier of Mhm. Six cats had negative results of PCR assay for Mhf and Mhm DNA. A chamber containing 100 C felis was bandaged to 2 Mhf carrier cats. Five days later, fleas and by-products were analyzed for Mycoplasma spp DNA. The remaining fleas and a sample of by-products were fed to 2 Mycoplasma-na?ve cats. A chamber containing 200 C felis was bandaged to the Mhm carrier cat. Five days later, fleas and by-products were analyzed for Mycoplasma spp DNA. The remaining fleas and a sample of by-products were fed to 2 Mycoplasma-na?ve cats. A chamber containing 200 C felis was bandaged to an Mhf carrier cat and Mhm-carrier cat. Three days later, fleas and by-products were analyzed for Mycoplasma spp DNA. The remaining fleas and a random sample of by products were fed to 4 Mycoplasma-na?ve cats. All cats were monitored for infection for >or=7 weeks. RESULTS: Uptake of Mhf and Mhm DNA into fleas and by-products was detected. None of the na?ve cats became infected. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggested that ingestion of Mycoplasma-infected C felis or by-products is not an important means of transmission for Mhf or Mhm.  相似文献   

13.
A spot-on metaflumizone formulation was evaluated to determine its adulticidal efficacy, effect upon egg production, and ovicidal activity when applied to flea infested cats. Eight male and eight female adult domestic shorthair cats were randomly assigned to either serve as non-treated controls or were treated topically with a minimum of 40mg/kg metaflumizone in single spot-on Day 0. On Days -2, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, and 56, each cat was infested with approximately 100 unfed cat fleas, Ctenocephalides felis felis. On Days 1, 2, and 3, and at 48 and 72h after each post-treatment reinfestation, flea eggs were collected and counted. At approximately 72h after treatment or infestation, each cat was combed to remove and count live fleas. Egg viability was determined by examining hatched eggs after 5 days and adult emergence was determined 28 days after egg collection. Metaflumizone provided >/=99.6% efficacy against adult fleas from Days 3 to 45 following a single application. Following treatment, egg production fell by 51.6% within 24h and 99.2% within 48h. Following subsequent weekly infestations egg production from treated cats was negligible out to Day 38, with >/=99.5% reduction relative to non-treated cats. Where there were eggs to evaluate, metaflumizone treatment did not have any apparent effect on the hatching of eggs or on the development and emergence of adult fleas from the eggs produced by fleas from treated animals.  相似文献   

14.
In Algeria, only limited information is currently available on the prevalence of emergent canine and feline vector-borne diseases. The aim of the present work was to detect by qPCR vector-associated bacteria in stray dogs and cats and their ectoparasites from Algiers.18/117 (15.38%) dogs and 2/107 (1.87%) cats were positive for at least one vector-borne agent. Coxiella burnetii and Bartonella henselae were identified in 1/117 (0.85%) dog individually. Ehrlichia canis DNA was detected in 17/117 (14.52%) dogs. 1/107 (0.93%) cat was positive to C. burnetii and another 1/107 (0.93%) to B. henselae.DNA of Rickettsia massiliae, Rickettsia conorii and E. canis was detected in Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Cat fleas were infected with Rickettsia felis, B. henselae and Bartonella clarridgeiae. B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii was identified in Xenopsylla cheopis collected from dogs.The findings of this study indicate that dogs and cats from Algeria are exposed to multiple tick and flea-borne pathogens.  相似文献   

15.
Objective – To provide a review of clinically relevant observations related to Bartonella species as emerging pathogens in veterinary and human medicine.
Data Sources – Literature as cited in PubMed and as generated by each of the authors who have contributed to various aspects of the clinical understanding of bartonellosis.
Human Data Synthesis – Important historical and recent publications illustrating the evolving role of animal reservoirs as a source of human infection.
Veterinary Data Synthesis – Comprehensive review of the veterinary literature.
Conclusions – In addition to inducing life-threatening illnesses, such as endocarditis, myocarditis, and meningoencephalitis and contributing to chronic debilitating disease, such as arthritis, osteomyelitis, and granulomatous inflammation in cats, dogs, and potentially other animal species; pets and wildlife species can serve as persistently infected reservoir hosts for the transmission of Bartonella spp. infection to veterinary professionals and others with direct animal contact.  相似文献   

16.
Lymphatic filariasis has been targeted by the World Health Organization (WHO) to be eliminated by the year 2020. In addition to chemotherapy and vector control, the control of reservoir hosts is necessary for the control program to succeed. Malayan filariasis, caused by Brugia malayi, is endemic in the South of Thailand where domestic cats serve as the major reservoir host. However, in nature, domestic cats also carry B. pahangi, Dirofilaria immitis and D. repens infections and it is difficult to distinguish the different filarial species from each other just by morphology. To assess the burden of filarial parasites, we performed a study on domestic cats in an endemic area of malayan filariasis in the Prasang district, of Surat Thani, a province in Southern Thailand. Together with Giemsa staining and acid phosphatase activity studies, we performed PCR-RFLP analysis on the first internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) region of ribosomal DNA (rDNA). PCR-RFLP with Ase I could clearly differentiate between B. malayi, B. pahangi, D. immitis and D. repens. Out of the 52 cats studied, filarial parasites were identified in 5 (9.5%) cats, of which 4 (7.6%) were B. pahangi and 1 (1.9%) D. immitis. This PCR-RFLP technique detected two additional cats that were not detected by microscopy. The domestic cats are not an important host of B. malayi in this region. We could develop the PCR-RFLP assay test for differentiating filarial nematodes which can be applied to survey human, animal reservoir hosts and mosquito vectors in endemic areas.  相似文献   

17.
From 198 cats and 182 dogs in Austria 9,134 fleas were collected. Ctenocephalides felis is the main flea of our cats (98.5%) and dogs (77.5%). Demonstration of cysticercoids of Dipylidium caninum through bleaching of fleas failed. Dissection of fleas gave, however, positive results. Each 44th flea from cats and 61st flea from dogs harbours cysticercoids. Infection intensity rates were 2.3% for C. felis (cats), 1.2% for C. felis (dogs), and 3.1% for C. canis (dogs). Male fleas are more extensively, but less intensively infected than female fleas. Cysticercoids form fleas of feline origin are more infective to cats than those from fleas found on dogs. The longest patency in cats lasted 3 years.  相似文献   

18.
Forty-six cats with clinical haemobartonellosis were studied; 75 per cent of the cats of known age were two-and-a-half years old or younger, 50 per cent were intact males and 19.5 per cent were castrated males. The predominant signs of the disease were tachypnoea, lethargy, depression, anorexia, infestation with fleas, pale mucous membranes, icterus, emaciation, dehydration, splenomegaly, anaemia, leucocytosis, increased activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, and azotaemia. Thirty-eight per cent of the cats that were tested for feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) antigen were positive, and 22 per cent of those tested for feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) antibodies were positive. The prevalence of both FeLV and FIV was much higher than in the general Israeli cat population. The cats infected with both Haemobartonella felis and FeLV had a significantly lower body temperature, were more anaemic and the mean cell volume of their erythrocytes was greater than in the cats with haemobartonellosis alone.  相似文献   

19.
Freshly collected blood and/or spleen homogenate from an experimentally infected Florida bobcat (Lynx rufus floridanus), which had died of feline cytauxzoonosis, was inoculated into domestic cats. All inoculated cats had clinical signs of feline cytauxzoonosis and died within 2 weeks after they were inoculated. Similar material collected from an eastern bobcat (Lynx rufus rufus) carrying an experimentally infected Cytauxzoon felis parasitemia was inoculated into domestic cats. All inoculated cats developed a parasitemia, but none developed clinical signs of disease and none died of the disease. Cats subinoculated with parasitemic cat blood also developed parasitemias and they too did not develop clinical signs of infection nor died. After carrying the blood phase of Cytauxzoon felis for various periods, the domestic cats were then challenge exposed with proven lethal Cytauxzoon inoculum of domestic cat origin. All cats died of cytauxzoonosis.  相似文献   

20.
西藏羊蜱蝇中巴尔通体检测及gltA基因序列分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
为了明确西藏部分地区绵羊体外寄生羊蜱蝇携带病原巴尔通体的感染情况,作者于2019年1-9月采集了西藏林芝、日喀则、那曲地区绵羊体外寄生羊蜱蝇298只,通过形态学鉴定、PCR扩增羊蜱蝇18S rRNA基因进行虫体鉴定,并对病原巴尔通体的gltA基因进行检测,将部分阳性PCR产物连接pMDTM-18T后转入DH5α感受态细胞,将阳性结果进行测序并进行遗传进化分析。结果显示,雌性阳性率49.8%（113/227）,雄性阳性率42.3%（30/71）,雌雄之间差异不显著（χ2=0.944,P=0.267）;羊蜱蝇携带病原巴尔通体的总感染率为48.0%（143/298）,林芝极显著高于日喀则、那曲地区（χ2=13.801,P<0.01;χ2=17.067,P<0.01）,日喀则和那曲地区无显著差异（χ2=0.084,P=0.771）;散养模式羊蜱蝇携带阳性率44.3%（102/230）,圈养阳性率85.0%（34/40）,屠宰场阳性率23.3%（7/30）,宿主散养和圈养、屠宰场存在极显著差异（χ2=20.929,P<0.01;χ2=24.38,P<0.01）,宿主散养和屠宰场存在显著差异（χ2=3.989,P=0.046）;将测序结果上传GenBank数据库获得3个巴尔通体gltA基因登录号（MN623006、MN623007、MN623008）;序列比对表明和云南、新疆巴尔通体相似性为99.6%~100%。本次研究首次检测出西藏羊蜱蝇携带病原巴尔通体,为了解西藏绵羊体外寄生虫携带病原巴尔通体和病原防控提供依据。  相似文献   

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