共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 250 毫秒
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以矮牵牛为试材,以普通农田土壤为对照,研究了中国矿业大学南湖校区污水处理厂的生污泥、堆沤污泥作为栽培基质对矮牵牛生长和生理特性的影响。结果表明:生污泥和堆沤污泥对矮牵牛的生长和生理特性均有积极影响,可作为栽培基质。堆沤污泥对矮牵牛的生长和生理特性的促进作用更显著,与生污泥相比在株高、冠幅和分枝量上分别增长了32.36%、35.50%、91.75%,在花朵数、平均花期和平均花径上分别增长了54.10%、25.52%、10.47%,显著促进了矮牵牛的营养生长和开花质量,使矮牵牛的观赏性更强;在叶绿素总含量、过氧化氢酶活性和根系活力上分别增长了30.16%、12.00%、3.23%,增强了植株光合强度、抗衰抗逆性和根系活力,为更优的矮牵牛栽培基质。 相似文献
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以‘东农716’番茄品种为试材，利用50孔穴盘育苗，采用物理性状符合NY/T 2118-2012要求的5个配方进行试验，双孢菇菌渣堆肥和蛭石的比例分别为3∶7(T1)、4∶6(T2)、5∶5(T3)、6∶4(T4)、7∶3(T5),以进口泥炭和蛭石的比例为4∶6(CK1)和100%商用基质(CK2)为对照，研究了双孢菇菌渣堆肥和蛭石不同配比对番茄幼苗生长发育的影响，以期筛选适宜的番茄育苗基质，为双孢菇菌渣的合理利用和解决泥炭资源短缺问题提供参考依据。结果表明：不同配比基质处理对番茄幼苗的生长发育状况有显著影响，5个双孢菇菌渣堆肥基质处理番茄苗的质量均优于对照，但双孢菇菌渣堆肥比例过高或过低均不利于番茄幼苗的发育。番茄幼苗质量和栽培基质品质以T3处理最好(双孢菇菌渣堆肥∶蛭石=5∶5),其次是T2处理(双孢菇菌渣堆肥∶蛭石=4∶6)。壮苗指数和综合指数均可作为衡量栽培基质质量的理想指标。速效养分和容重、总孔隙度及气水比是影响栽培基质品质的重要因素。综上，双孢菇菌渣堆肥是一种理想的栽培基质，可以替代泥炭进行番茄育苗。 相似文献
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无土栽培在黄瓜生产中应用广泛，而栽培基质是固定黄瓜根系，协调“水、肥、气”的基础物质，不同基质理化性质不同，可直接影响黄瓜的长势、产量及品质。研发筛选出适宜黄瓜生长的栽培基质是节能增效、促进生产的关键，从以椰糠、菌渣、农业废弃物堆肥为主的有机栽培基质，以蛭石、珍珠岩、河沙等为主的无机栽培基质，有机基质与无机基质混合的栽培基质，基质粒径大小、堆肥时间、栽培方式等性质和微生物制剂、腐植酸、生物炭、硅元素等外源添加物等方面综述了不同栽培基质对黄瓜生长、产量及品质影响的研究进展。基质栽培应用市场广阔，且将低成本可重复利用的农业作物废弃物作为有机基质并与无机基质混合配制成环保型复合基质成为无土栽培基质研究的主要方向。 相似文献
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杏鲍菇菌渣循环利用技术研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对杏鲍菇菌渣成分进行分析,明确菌渣再利用的可能性,并对菌渣进行堆制发酵,堆制后的菌渣通过配比进行蘑菇的制种和栽培试验。研究结果表明,只采摘1茬的杏鲍菇菌渣仍含有丰富的碳源和氮源,可以利用杏鲍菇菌渣替代部分培养料用于双孢蘑菇制种与栽培,提高资源利用率。从杏鲍菇菌渣堆制过程温度变化曲线可以看出,料堆最高温度可升至70℃。堆制后的菌渣加深了腐熟度,适合双孢蘑菇菌丝生长。杏鲍菇菌渣添加10％牛粪进行堆制发酵后按30％。50％的添加比例与棉籽壳混合制作双孢蘑菇菌种,既可降低制种成本（节约制种原料成本约40％）,又能保证蘑菇菌丝正常生长。杏鲍菇菌渣栽培双孢蘑菇,菌渣使用量可控制在20％～30％左右,从示范栽培结果看平均单产可与常规堆肥的单产持平,而使用30％杏鲍菇菌渣可降低栽培投料成本约25％。 相似文献
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Barbara De Lucia Giuseppe Cristiano Lorenzo Vecchietti Laura Bruno 《Urban Forestry & Urban Greening》2013,12(4):537-545
Increasing green space, especially in densely built-up areas is considered to be a valuable climate change adaptation response in order to reduce the threat of high temperatures to human health and comfort and to controlled global greenhouse gas emissions. Practical responses to climate change, under urban conditions, in order to avoid or reduce trees and shrubs vulnerability, can be considered drought resistant planting approaches, as the addition of organic amendeds to soil. The improvement of physical–chemical soil quality is a key step for carrying out xeriscaping programs of urban green spaces in Mediterranean semiarid areas. Organic amendments, particularly compost, have been receiving a renewed attention not only in horticulture but also in the context of restoring disturbed urban soils to address environmental issues as well as to improve trees and shrubs growth. The influence of increasing rates (0, 15, 30, and 45%) of composted sewage sludge (SSC) placed in the plantation hole on both urban soil properties and growth for three native Mediterranean woody hedge species was monitored over a 2-year period after planting. The experiment was supported by a xerogardening project in an urban context under semi-arid conditions. The results indicate that the urban soil physical characteristics were positively influenced by the addition of SSC: the 45% rate showed an increase in both moisture and infiltration values, thereby increasing the volume of plant-available water in the soil. The chemical properties of the amended soils were also directly affected by the SSC rate, but the effect of the compost on organic matter, nitrogen and potassium contents decreased over time. Our results prove that the hedge growth response to the compost treatments is also highly dependent on the rate of compost used. At the end of the trial, in Rhamnus and Myrthus plants 30% compost level guarantees the best performance; in fact, the further addition of 15% of compost led to a significant decrease in hedge and diameter values, in particular in Myrtle. This could be explained by the high pH at 45% compost, which would seem not to suit the physiology of the two species. On the other hand, in Phillyrea plants, the rate of 45% compost gives high performance equal to that of 30%; it would therefore seem that the high pH at 45% compost does not influence the nutritive elements’ absorption and, as a consequence, the growth. The use of composted sludge as an amendment for sclerophyllous could be feasible and, what is more, helpful to mitigate the environmental impact of organic waste disposal. Moreover more natural vegetation can be introduced into urban parks and green spaces in semi-arid environments to encourage sustainable landscaping and xerogardening. 相似文献
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S. R. Smith 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(5):703-716
A glasshouse pot experiment is described comparing the growth reponse, nutritional , status and heavy metal content of Petunia grandiflora in an impoverished acid sandy soil amended with peat or composted sewage sludges and refuse. The composts consistently out-performed peat as soil améliorants because of greater nutrient availability. However, results indicated that rates of application of composts to soil should be adjusted according to the conductivity of the applied material and the salt tolerance characteristics of the plant species to be grown to avoid detrimental effects on plant growth. There were no phytotoxic effects on plant growth due to contamination of the composts with heavy metals irrespective of the level of incorporation into soil, indicating that proposed lower metal limits for composts compared with sewage sludge would be unnecessarily restrictive to compost use. Composted sewage sludges and refuse are shown to have considerable potential for use in the amenity and landscape industry for improving impoverished soils. 相似文献
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When mixtures of wheat straw and organic nitrogen supplements were composted at 40° C in a simple small-scale, 1-phase composting system, initial inoculation with several species of thermophilic fungi resulted in a large improvement in the suitability of the composts for the cultivated mushroom. Ammonia levels fell rapidly and the ability of the composts to support competitor fungi was reduced. The species Torula thermophila, Cooney and Emerson, was particularly effective in bringing about these changes, and showed considerable potential as a rapid-composting organism. Composting was also accelerated by using a supplement such as sewage sludge, which had a low potential for producing ammonia. The inoculation of thermophilic fungi into conventional mushroom compost at the start of Phase II had little beneficial effect, probably because an adequate microflora of suitable composting organisms, including thermophilic fungi, was already present. If this microflora was first severely reduced, then a large effect from inoculating thermophilic fungi could be demonstrated. The results also indicated that the toxicity of ammonia to micro-organisms other than the mushroom could be an important feature of mushroom composting. 相似文献
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灵芝高产优质代料栽培最佳技术模式研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
我省灵芝（Ganoderma lucidum）人工栽培主要方式是代料袋栽. 本研究从培养料优化配方、最佳栽培出芝方式两方面进行试验设计,以不同处理的商品效值进行技术评定.着重探讨适合于我省原料、气候等自然条件的高产优质栽培技术.结果表明,以棉籽壳、阔叶树木屑、麦麸、米糠、玉米粉为培养料进行半地下大棚架袋一端交错出芝,为目前最佳技术模式,其综合经济效益最高. 相似文献
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在500m～1200m高海拔林场内进行“林下培菌”生产仿野生鸡腿菇的研究，结果证明，较之传统大棚或菇房设施化栽培，林下培菌生产仿野生鸡腿菇无需占用耕地，彻底解决了当地鸡腿菇栽培中的“菇粮争地”矛盾；可节省出菇棚等固定资产投资70％以上；另外生物学效率为149％，较之传统菇棚栽培提高40％左右；产出的菇品明显具有野生菇的口感和风味。另外，菌糠废料直接被林地树根就地分解利用，提高了林地土壤肥力，改善了林地土壤结构，提高了林地生产力，减少了人工处理菌糠废料的费用，同时，由于保湿的需要以及出菇管理人员的频繁出入林场操作和巡视，最大限度地降低了森林火险的发生概率。 相似文献