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1.
中国海南岛麒麟菜属卡拉胶的制备与性质 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
本文研究了用海南岛产的三种麒麟菜属海藻制造卡拉胶的方法,以及不同制造方法所得卡拉胶的产率和理化性质。用水提取的卡拉胶产率最高,用碱处理的产率较低。清澜琼枝的卡拉胶产率高达74.6％,耳突麒麟菜和珍珠麒麟菜的产率接近50％。在凝胶强度方面,以用浓NaOH处理的强度最高,耳突麒麟菜和珍珠麒麟菜的凝胶强度高达500g/cm~2左右,琼枝的为350g/cm~2左右。从硫酸基减少和3,6-内醚-半乳糖增加的幅度,以及凝胶强度提高的程度来看,本文浓碱处理法的效果要比国外使用的方法好。试验结果表明海南岛生长的耳突麒麟菜、珍珠麒麟菜和琼枝三者都是制造κ-卡拉胶的很好原料。 相似文献
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脱钙罗非鱼鱼鳞明胶提取工艺优化及其理化性质 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
文章以罗非鱼（Oreochromisnilotica）鱼鳞为原料,经乙二胺四乙酸二钠（EDTA—Na,）脱钙处理后采用酸法提取明胶。根据中心组合试验设计（centercombination of experimental design,CCD）原理展开试验,考察提取时间（h,X,）、提取温度（℃,X2）、浸酸时问（h,X1）和柠檬酸质量浓度（g·L-1,X）对明胶得率（％,y）的影响,并对所得明胶的理化性质与牛骨明胶进行比较。响应面分析结果表明,提取温度、提取时间和浸酸时问与明胶得率之间具有显著相关性;优化的提取条件为提取温度65℃、提取时间3．6h、柠檬酸质量浓度200g·L-1、浸酸时间11．3h。在此条件下的明胶得率为28．4％,与预测值30．1％相近。制得的鱼鳞明胶粗蛋白含量为89．9％,氨基酸组成中每1000总氨基酸残基中甘氨酸为352个,亚氨基酸（脯氨酸和羟脯氨酸）173个;凝胶强度高达245Bloom（g）,熔点为27．0℃,而比浓对数粘度及成胶质量浓度分别为0．030L·g-1。和8．0g·L-1。 相似文献
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本文主要研究了NP粉对卡拉胶凝胶强度的增效作用和粘度的影响,以及如何制备高强度卡拉胶的方法。试验中以角叉菜卡拉胶,异枝麒麟菜卡拉胶和沙菜卡拉胶为试验材料,采用国内资源丰富、价格便宜、无毒的天然食品原料——NP粉经精制后作为增效剂。研究结果表明、NP粉是卡拉胶(主要是K—卡拉胶)凝胶强度的理想增效剂;其增效作用优于国外目前普遍采用的角豆胶。 相似文献
4.
凝胶强度是衡量卡拉胶质量的一个重要指标。碱处理能够提高很多藻类所含胶的凝胶强度,如碱处理能够提高江蓠属海藻所含琼胶的凝胶强度,碱处理还能够提高麒麟菜、沙菜等藻类所含卡拉胶的凝胶强度。由于藻类的种类、生长地点、采集季节的不同,碱处理 相似文献
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异枝麒麟菜酶法降解工艺的优化研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以施氏假单胞菌分泌的卡拉胶酶为工具,采用二次回归正交旋转组合设计,对异枝麒麟菜的酶法降解工艺进行了研究,探讨pH、温度和卡拉胶酶添加量对还原糖生成量的影响。pH、温度和卡拉胶酶添加量与还原糖生成量的数学回归模型为:Y=0.3310 0.0107Z1-0.0848Z2 0.0451Z3-0.0012Z31-0.0055Z32 0.0186Z21-0.0940Z21-0.0635Z22-0.0125Z23;最佳的酶解参数为:pH 6.27,温度39.6℃,加酶量74.4 U,底物质量浓度为0.7595 g/L(总糖含量),酶解8 h。 相似文献
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菲律宾耳突麒麟菜卡拉胶的提取工艺探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
一、前言卡拉胶(Carrageenan)又称角叉菜胶(Irishmoss)、鹿角藻胶(Chondrus cripus),是从某些红藻(角叉菜属、杉藻属、麒麟菜属等)提取的一种极有经济价值的多糖。由于它具有类似于琼胶的物理化学性质而被广泛应用于食品、纺织、化妆、建筑和医药等工业。目前,已知含有卡拉胶的海藻种类多达上百种,其卡拉胶的产率和理化性质除因海藻的种类、产地、采收季节不同而异外,生产方法也有较大的影响。一些学者为提高凝胶强度,改进产品质量,进行了不少关于“碱改性”的研究。如中山静一等采用添 相似文献
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在室内半静水的试验条件下,应用实时荧光定量PCR技术研究了不同质量浓度（0μg·L-1、5μg·L-1、10μg·L-1、50μg·L-1和100μg·L-1）的0。柴油水溶液（WSF）胁迫15d和清洁海水恢复7d中翡翠贻贝（Pernaviridis）外套膜与内脏团组织中CYP4基因的相对表达水平变化。2-△△Ct法分析结果表明,CYPd基因在翡翠贻贝外套膜和内脏团中均有表达,WSF胁迫对其表达水平有明显的诱导作用,且表达水平具有组织差异性;内脏团表达水平明显高于外套膜,两组织CYP4基因相对表达水平随着WSF胁迫时间的延长,整体呈现出先诱导后抑制再诱导的波动变化趋势,其中50μg·L-1浓度组表现最为显著（P〈0．01）。WSF胁迫解除后外套膜与内脏团CYP4基因相对表达水平迅速下降,部分浓度组逐渐恢复到正常水平。 相似文献
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Avinash Talukdar Sarvendra Kumar Tincy Varghese Kamal K. Jain Narottam P. Sahu Sujata Sahoo 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(3):765-777
This study was conducted to illustrate the effect of dietary gelatinized starch (GS) on the growth performance, enzyme activities and expression of MyoD and Myf5 in magur, Clarias batrachus fingerlings. Four iso‐nitrogenous (37%) and iso‐lipidic (6%) diets containing 15% (D‐1), 25% (D‐2), 35% (D‐3) or 45% (D‐4) GS were fed to 240 fingerlings (2.5 ± 0.5 g) in triplicates groups for 8 weeks. The maximum weight gain %, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, lower FCR and higher mRNA expression of MyoD or Myf5 were found in the D‐3 group fed with 35% GS. Higher hepatosomatic index, viscerosomatic index, body lipid and lower moisture content were found in the D‐4 group. Aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase activities were found to be higher in the D‐1 group. Amylase, glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase and blood glucose were higher in the D‐4 group. Superoxide dismutase, catalase and hexokinase activities remain unaffected by the dietary GS levels. Hence, the overall results indicate that 35% GS can improve growth performance and upregulate myogenic regulatory factors, but 45% GS level will favor lipogenesis and compromise growth. Furthermore, Myf5 gene showed more immediate response than the MyoD to the dietary carbohydrate in magur. 相似文献
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Fernando G. Dellatorre Marcela S. Pascual Pedro J. Barón 《Aquaculture International》2007,15(6):415-424
The feeding behavior of Mytilus edulis platensis, one of the most important aquaculture resources on the East Coast of southern South America, was studied by analyzing clearance
rate (CR) and ingestion rate (IR) to test the hypothesis that cultivated mussels can attain higher clearance and ingestion
rates than their wild counterparts. A number of morphometric relationships between cultivated and wild mussels were also compared.
Gill surface (GS) growth relative to length (L) is isometric in M. e. platensis, with no significant differences between wild and cultivated mussels. At low food concentrations (<15 Chaetoceros gracilis cells μl−1), the CR is maximum and similar in both cultivated and wild mussels, decreasing when the concentration of experimental food
surpasses a threshold level. This concentration threshold is higher in cultivated mussels than in wild ones. While culture
conditions do not affect either GS growth or potential CR, they do affect CR regulation patterns in response to fluctuations
in food concentration, allowing the attainment of higher maximum IR. 相似文献
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To evaluate if the addition of glutamine (Gln) precursors could enhance the utilization rate of plant protein on molecular level, the expressions of glutamine synthetase (GS) gene were analysed under supplementation of α‐ketoglutaric acid (AKG), ornithine‐α‐ketoglutaric acid (OKG), glutamic acid (Glu), and Gln. The relative quantification of GS gene expression in the plant meal (PM) group was significantly lower than the fish meal (FM) group. All the four additives increased the GS gene expression. The additive that most significantly increased the GS gene expression, Gln concentration and GS activity was glutamic acid. Supplementation of AKG in plant meal can improve the GS activity and Gln concentration. Effect of OKG on the activity of GS was not significant. The GS expression was up‐regulated by Gln, but had no significant effects on the Gln concentration and GS activity. In conclusion, substitution of plant protein for animal protein reduced the GS gene expression, and the supplementation of Gln precursors was capable of promoting the expression of GS gene in common carp. 相似文献
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Abdulaziz Anas Douglas W Lowman David L Williams Stewart Millen Srinivas Somnath Pai Thavarool Puthiyedathu Sajeevan Rosamma Philip & Isaac Sarojeni Bright Singh 《Aquaculture Research》2009,40(11):1320-1327
Effect of an extraction method on the structure of glucan and its immunostimulatory response in Fenneropenaeus indicus was investigated. Here we extracted alkali insoluble glucan (AIG) and alkali soluble glucan (ASG) from a filamentous fungi Acremonium diospyri following alkali–acid hydrolysis and the sodium hypochlorite oxidation and dimethyl sulphoxide extraction method respectively. Structural analysis showed that 85% of glucan in AIG was a (1→3)-β- d -glucan and it increased the prophenoloxidase and reactive oxygen intermediate activity when administered to F. indicus . On the other hand, ASG, which contained 93% (1→3)-α-glucan, did not induce significant immune response in shrimp. Here we report that the difference in immunostimulatory potential between AIG and ASG is due to the difference in the percentage of (1→3)-β- d -glucans present in each preparation, which varies with the method of extraction employed. Also our observations suggest that glucan can be used as a potential immunostimulant to shrimp, provided it contains (1→3)-β- d -glucan as the major fraction. 相似文献
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应用单因素试验、复合保护剂组合试验和响应面分析法,对鳗弧菌载体疫苗MVAV6203A-1冷冻干燥的保护剂配方进行筛选和优化。试验结果表明,众多保护剂中半乳糖、海藻糖和脱脂牛奶的组合使用,能够显著提高细胞对冷冻干燥环境的耐受力。以冻干后的细胞存活率为响应值,响应面法优化的结果为:半乳糖4.6%、海藻糖2.3%、脱脂牛奶10.2%,以优化的最佳配方进行的3次重复冻干试验,细胞平均存活率可达77.3%。优化的保护剂配方适用于鳗弧菌载体疫苗的冻干生产。 相似文献
17.
Distribution of larval fishes among water masses in Onslow Bay, North Carolina: implications for cross-shelf exchange 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A. M. QUATTRINI D. G. LINDQUIST† F. M. BINGHAM T. E. LANKFORD J. J. GOVONI 《Fisheries Oceanography》2005,14(6):413-431
The Gulf Stream (GS) is a major oceanographic feature with potential to influence the recruitment of larval fishes to continental shelf habitats in the southeastern United States. To test the hypothesis that the GS is a source of certain larval fishes to Onslow Bay, North Carolina, we (i) classified water masses as shelf, GS, GS front (GSF), or GS/shelf mixture (GS/S); (ii) compared larval fish assemblages and concentrations among these water masses; and (iii) compared length–frequency distributions and length–concentration relationships of indicator and commercially important taxa among water masses. A total of 21,222 larvae were collected with bongo and neuston nets from April 2000 to December 2001. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analyses revealed distinct larval assemblages associated with different water masses. For bongo catches, bothids were abundant in all water masses, gobiids, callionymids, and labrids were abundant in shelf waters, and myctophids and scombrids were abundant in the GS. For neuston catches, carangids dominated in GS/S, GSF, and GS waters, whereas triglids were abundant in shelf water. Larval concentrations in neuston catches were lower in shelf waters and higher in GS and GSF waters. Concentrations of most taxa in bongo catches were low in the GS and higher in shelf waters. We used trends in myctophid (offshore/GS) and gobiid (shelf) length–concentration data as indicators of the sources of commercially important serranids. Length distributions and concentrations of larval indicator taxa suggested local, shelf spawning, and transport of larvae from offshore. 相似文献
18.
Yue Zhang 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2017,26(5):553-565
The gelatin yield and gel strength of gelatin extracted from the skins of smoked salmon were determined. The skins had a crude protein content of 43.5 ± 1.2% and an estimated collagen content of 23.6 ± 1.0%. Following an alkali extraction process under varying extraction conditions, the protein content varied from 2.78% to 32.1%, and the gelatin yield ranged from 2.23% to 22.4% of the initial skin weight. The gelatin purity (gelatin/protein) ranged from 55.4% to 100%, with the highest Hyp/protein sample arbitrarily designated as being 100% pure, i.e., an assumption of pure gelatin. Statistical analysis showed that HCl concentration, pretreatment temperature, and extraction temperature significantly affected the protein yield and gelatin yield. The wide range of gel strengths indicates that the gelatin might have been hydrolyzed to different extents during the different extraction and cooling processes. Statistical analysis did not show that any of the factors studied affected the gel strength. However, the data indicated that low NaOH concentrations and HCl concentrations might not prevent hydrolysis during the extraction process. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE) showed that the gelatins contained α- and β-chains and that the gelatins composed of higher concentrations of larger molecular weight polypeptide chains had higher gel strengths. 相似文献
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Zhijie Lu Zhendong Qin Vijayaraman Sarath Babu Chengkai Ye Guomao Su Jiabo Li Guang Yang Haiyang Shen Gan Pan Li Lin 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(9):2635-2645
The freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii naturally lives in the freshwater, though it migrates to the brackish water environment during spawning that claimed to be resistant on a broad range of saline fluxes. However, little is known about the osmoregulatory patterns and the effect of an enzyme glutamine synthetase (GS) in M. rosenbergii under stress. Here, we described the identification and functional characterization of GS from M. rosenbergii (Mr‐GS) at molecular and protein levels. The identified Mr‐GS was comprised of 361 amino acids that phylogenetically shared the highest identity with other crustaceans and predicted to contain Gln‐synt_C and Gln‐synt_N domains at the respective terminal regions. Tissue distribution analysis in M. rosenbergii revealed that the Mr‐GS was highly expressed in muscle, and commonly existed in other examined tissues in the following order gills > heart > stomach > brain > haemolymph. Whereas, the mRNA of Mr‐GS was significantly up‐regulated in the muscle and gill tissues following challenges with either hyper (0 → 13‰), or hypo (13 → 0‰) osmotic stress at 3, 6 and 12 hr. Furthermore, the level of Glutamine concentration was positively correlated with the GS mRNA and protein expression patterns in hyper‐osmotic stress, whereas in hypo‐osmotic stress a slight decrease in the gills and maintained a level in the muscle tissues at 3, 6 and 12 hr post‐treatments. Our findings suggest that Mr‐GS potentially exhibited the osmoregulation responses in the gill and muscle tissues of M. rosenbergii throughout the time of osmotic stress, which will benefit for future study on osmoregulation. 相似文献
20.
采用响应面法优化小球藻的最适生长条件。实验选取温度、pH、磷酸盐浓度3个因素,利用响应面法优化小球藻生长的最佳条件。通过对响应面因素进行优化,得到小球藻最佳生长条件为:温度26.43℃,pH 7.25,磷酸盐浓度5.51 mg/L。考虑到仪器的控制因素与实际操作条件,将优化后生长条件修正为温度26.4℃,pH 7.25,磷酸盐浓度5.50 mg/L。最佳优化条件验证试验表明,培养48 h后,藻类生物量平均达到了0.116,比优化前的生物量0.114略有提高,与预测值0.115无显著差别。因此响应面法优化得到的优化条件准确可靠,并具有一定的实用意义。 相似文献