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1.
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2.
Significant numbers of humans with atopic dermatitis develop Malassezia-specific IgE. Immediate skin-test reactivity to Malassezia has been demonstrated in atopic dogs. The aim of this study was to compare the serum IgG and IgE response to Malassezia in atopic dogs with and without clinical evidence of Malassezia dermatitis and/or otitis, nonatopic dogs with clinical evidence of Malassezia dermatitis and/or otitis and healthy dogs. Cytology was used to diagnose clinically significant Malassezia dermatitis and otitis. Contact plate cultures confirmed the validity of this technique. Reproducible enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for Malassezia-specific IgG and IgE in canine serum were established. Atopic dogs had significantly higher serum IgG and IgE levels than either healthy dogs or nonatopic dogs with clinical evidence of Malassezia dermatitis and/or otitis. There was no significant difference in IgG and IgE levels between atopic dogs with and without clinical evidence of Malassezia dermatitis and/or otitis. The implications of these findings in the pathogenesis and management of canine atopic dermatitis are discussed.  相似文献   

3.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the functionality of canine anti-Malassezia IgE via the passive transfer of immediate hypersensitivity localized to the skin (ie, cutaneous anaphylaxis) from atopic dogs with dermatitis attributable to overgrowth of Malassezia pachydermatis (Malassezia dermatitis [MD]) to healthy recipient dogs by use of the Prausnitz-Küstner (P-K) technique. ANIMALS: 7 clinically normal dogs, 32 atopic dogs with MD, serum from 11 atopic dogs with MD, and 3 healthy dogs without prior sensitization to M pachydermatis. PROCEDURE: Serum from atopic dogs with MD was used for P-K tests in 3 clinically normal recipient dogs. Serial dilutions of untreated, heat-inactivated, IgE-absorbed, and bovine serum albumin (BSA)-absorbed (control) aliquots of serum were injected ID in triplicate for dermal sensitization. Twenty-four, 48, and 72 hours later, a crude extract of M pachydermatis was injected ID into the sites used for sensitization injections, and immediate hypersensitivity reactions were graded on a 4-point scale. RESULTS: Untreated serum caused P-K reactivity beginning 24 hours after passive sensitization and persisting through 72 hours (titers, 1:32 to 1:64). Heat inactivation and IgE-absorption of serum eliminated P-K reactivity, whereas treatment of serum with BSA did not. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Analysis of P-K test results supports the passive transfer of cutaneous anaphylaxis by anti-Malassezia IgE and indicates it is functional in type-1 hypersensitivity reactions of atopic dogs with MD. Reduction or blockade of anti-Malassezia IgE in atopic dogs with MD may provide better clinical control of the disease.  相似文献   

4.
The adherence of Staphylococcus intermedius to canine keratinocytes in normal dogs was compared to that in dogs suffering from atopic dermatitis, primary seborrhoea and bacterial pyoderma. Statistically significant greater adherence by S. intermedius to keratinocytes occurred in atopic dogs and dogs suffering from pyoderma when compared with the normal group (P < 0.01) and dogs suffering from primary seborrhoea (P < 0.05). This is similar to the results of a study of human atopic dermatitis by Cole and Silverberg (1986) who demonstrated increased adherence by S. aureus to keratinocytes from atopic dermatitis patients when compared with adherence to keratinocytes in a variety of non-atopic dermatoses. This increased adherence by pathogenic staphylococci to keratinocytes may in part explain the high incidence of staphylococcal pyoderma seen in both canine and human patients suffering from atopic dermatitis.  相似文献   

5.
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory and pruritic skin disease commonly seen in dogs and humans that is characterised by the presence of allergen-specific IgE. Data from skin tests and serological analysis suggest that the house dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae is the most important allergen in dogs with atopic dermatitis. The aim of this study was to determine if D. farinae specific peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) responses could be detected in dogs with atopic dermatitis. PBMCs were isolated by the density centrifugation from dogs with atopic dermatitis that were skin test positive for D. farinae, dogs with atopic dermatitis that were skin test negative for D. farinae, and healthy dogs. Cells were cultured with increasing concentrations of the D. farinae extract, no antigen, vaccine antigens or concanavalin A (ConA). There was significantly greater responsiveness of PBMCs from the D. farinae positive dogs than from either the D. farinae negative or healthy dogs (ANOVA, P<0.05). In contrast, no significant differences were observed in the control responses between the three groups. This is the first study to demonstrate that D. farinae specific circulating memory cells are involved in the pathogenesis of canine house dust mite hypersensitivity.  相似文献   

6.
Recent studies have indicated that dogs with canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) may have a disorder of fatty acid metabolism: possibly low or absent activity of delta6-desaturase or delta5-desaturase, or both. To clarify this possibility, we examined the erythrocyte and plasma fatty acid patterns of 8 dogs with CAD and their 8 healthy housemates. Atopic dermatitis was diagnosed according to the criteria proposed by Willemse; other causes of dermatitis were excluded clinically and by appropriate tests. Erythrocyte ghosts were prepared from blood samples. Membrane lipids were extracted and separated by thin-layer chromatography. From plasma and lipid fractions, fatty acid content was determined by gas chromatography. In erythrocytes, but not in plasma, we observed significant differences in the fatty acid pattern that suggested a reduction in the n6 fatty acid products of the delta6- and delta5-desaturases in dogs with atopic dermatitis when compared with healthy housemates.  相似文献   

7.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate reactions to intradermal injections of Tyrophagus putrescentiae extract in healthy dogs and dogs with atopic dermatitis and to compare the prevalence of positive reactions in the two groups. Twenty-one healthy dogs and 26 atopic dogs were tested intradermally with T. putrescentiae extract at 1000, 500, 250, 125, 63, 32 and 16 PNU/mL. Reactions were evaluated objectively and subjectively. A Mann-Whitney test was used to determine differences in grade of reaction to storage mites between healthy dogs and dogs with atopic dermatitis. Positive reactions to storage mite extract were most common at 1000 PNU/mL with approximately one third of normal and atopic dogs showing a positive reaction to T. putrescentiae. There was no significant difference in the incidence of positive reactions between normal and atopic dogs for any of the Tyrophagus extract concentrations.  相似文献   

8.
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations were measured in 20 dogs with atopic dermatitis prior to treatment with a standard therapeutic dosage of prednisolone (0.93-1.06 mg/kg) every other day for 5 weeks after 7 days of treatment with the same dosage once daily. The severity of their physical signs was scored before and 6 weeks after prednisolone treatment by the canine atopic dermatitis extent and severity index version 3 (CADESI-03) and the Edinburgh Pruritus Scale (EPS). The 20 dogs with atopic dermatitis that were treated with prednisolone did not have significantly lower serum concentrations of 25(OH)D than a group of 36 healthy dogs, and the physical severity of the atopic dermatitis was not correlated to pretreatment serum 25(OH)D concentrations. However, dogs which had a marked improvement of their physical signs, defined by a post-treatment EPS score of 0 and/or an 85% reduction in CADESI-03 score, had significantly higher pretreatment serum 25(OH)D concentrations than dogs with a suboptimal response (P = 0.003 and P = 0.03, respectively). Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were also measured in a previously published cohort of atopic dogs that were treated with ciclosporin. This cohort of dogs was recruited in a similar time frame to the prednisolone-treated dogs, and all samples were handled in the same way. In contrast to the prednisolone-treated dogs, there was no significant difference in 25(OH)D concentrations in dogs that responded optimally to ciclosporin compared with suboptimal responders. Additional studies are required to establish whether vitamin D has a synergistic therapeutic effect with prednisolone in dogs with atopic dermatitis.  相似文献   

9.
Nine dogs meeting the diagnostic criteria for canine atopic dermatitis were enrolled in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over clinical trial. In this pilot study, zileuton (a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor) given orally at 2 mg kg(-1) three times daily for 4 weeks significantly decreased erythema in dogs with atopic dermatitis but had no effect on pruritus. Zileuton was well tolerated and no adverse clinical signs were noted. However, one dog developed mild alanine aminotransaminase elevation, which resolved within 1 week of discontinuation of therapy. Monitoring of alanine aminotransaminase may be necessary in dogs receiving zileuton. Further studies with larger number of dogs are needed to evaluate the efficacy of zileuton as treatment for canine atopic dermatitis.  相似文献   

10.
The adherence by three strains of Staphylococcus intermedius to corneocytes collected from healthy dogs was compared to the adherence to corneocytes collected from the inflamed (erythematous) and noninflamed (normal appearing) skin of dogs suffering from atopic dermatitis. All three strains of S. intermedius adhered in greater numbers to corneocytes from both inflamed and noninflamed atopic skin than to corneocytes from healthy dogs. Adherence was greatest to corneocytes from inflamed atopic skin but one strain showed no statistical difference for adherence to inflamed and noninflamed atopic skin. These findings suggest that S. intermedius adheres extensively to both inflamed and noninflamed canine atopic skin. This may be important in the colonization of atopic skin by this microorganism. Strain variation in the ability of S. intermedius to adhere to canine atopic corneocytes is probable.  相似文献   

11.
Background – Canine atopic dermatitis is a frequent diagnosis in veterinary medicine; however, the long‐term prognosis for canine atopic dermatitis has not been evaluated in a systematic fashion. Hypothesis/Objectives – To compare the relative efficacy of commonly used therapies for canine atopic dermatitis in two groups of dogs over 5 and 10 year time periods. Animals – Dogs were identified from the medical record database of a privately owned veterinary dermatology practice in the USA. Methods – Clients completed a four‐part, 28‐question, Internet‐based survey. Surveys were included in the analysis if one entire section was completed. Each question was completed independently of the answers to other questions. Results – Several respondents failed to complete all questions. Some respondents answered similar questions with contradictory answers. Each question was analysed individually. A total of 136 owner surveys were completed, 39 from the 10 year and 97 from the 5 year study dogs. Eighty‐five of 135 respondents indicated that their pet was receiving some form of medical therapy for atopic dermatitis at the time of the survey. Thirty of 90 respondents (33.3%) indicated that their dog improved during a dietary trial. Five dogs met the study’s definition for clinical cure. All five of these dogs had been treated with allergen‐specific immunotherapy. Conclusions and clinical importance – This study revealed that clients believe antihistamines can be a useful part of multimodal therapy for canine atopic dermatitis. The results also demonstrated that a significant number of canines benefited from dietary modification. In addition, allergen‐specific immunotherapy was the only treatment to induce true clinical remission of atopic dermatitis.  相似文献   

12.
Seven dogs with atopic dermatitis and six normal dogs were treated with a spot-on product containing essential oils and unsaturated fatty acids q 7 days for 8 wk. Seven additional atopic dogs received a daily spray containing similar ingredients to the spot-on. In all dogs, transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was measured before and after treatment using a closed chamber device. In atopic dogs, a validated lesion score (canine atopic dermatitis extent and severity index, CADESI) was determined and pruritus was assessed with a visual analog scale before and after treatment. The mean CADESI scores in atopic dogs decreased with the spot-on (P=0.0043) and with the spray (P=0.0366). Similarly, the pruritus scores decreased with the spot-on (P=0.266) and with the spray (P=0.0177). There was a significant difference between the TEWL values of healthy and atopic dogs on the abdomen (P=0.0181) and back (P=0.0123). TEWL decreased significantly on the back after treatment with the spray (P=0.016), but not on the abdomen (P=0.078). Adverse effects were not observed. The results of this pilot study indicate that topical fatty acids and essential oils are a useful treatment option for canine atopic dermatitis.  相似文献   

13.
Heart rate variability (HRV) is considered to be a measure of autonomic regulation of cardiac activity for assessing stress and welfare in animals. Polar® human heart rate monitors are frequently used in animal studies to measure HRV and have been validated for this use in cows, pigs, and horses. Although Polar® monitors have been used in canine research to measure cardiac activity, we know of no studies that have tested its validity in dogs. Our objectives were as follows: (1) to collect interbeat interval (IBI) data while simultaneously using a Polar® heart rate monitor and an electrocardiogram (ECG) monitor in awake healthy dogs under stationary conditions; (2) to compare Polar® data with ECG data and examine whether any errors occurred in the Polar® data; and (3) to assess the validity of these Polar® data for recording time- and frequency-domain HRV data in dogs. IBI data from the Polar® RS800CX monitor and a telemetric ECG monitor, the Televet 100, were recorded simultaneously for 5 continuous minutes in 10 adult beagles. The Polar® data were compared with the ECG data to identify possible interbeat anomalies, such as those previously identified in pigs and horses. Statistical comparisons for a variety of time and frequency domain parameters (i.e., mean heart rate [ms], mean IBI [ms], R-R max [ms], R-R min [ms], standard deviation, total variance [ms2], and root mean square of successive differences) were performed. Time and frequency domain parameters from the Polar® data were not significantly different from ECG data. The mean heart rate from the Polar® data was 123.98 bpm (range: 101.57-138.35 bpm) and from ECG data was 123.33 bpm (range: 101.57-135.08 bpm). Bland–Altman analysis was used to measure the level of agreement between the 2 data sets. The mean difference between ECG and Polar® data was 0.42 ms (limits of agreement: ?126.76 to 127.60 ms); more than 95% of the differences fell between these limits. We conclude that the Polar® RS800CX digital R-R heart rate monitor is a promising instrument to reliably measure HRV in dogs under stationary conditions.  相似文献   

14.
Fatty acids are increasingly used in the treatment of canine atopic dermatitis and their beneficial effects are documented in several prospective, controlled studies. Results from recent studies have indicated that atopic dogs have disordered fat metabolism, due to decreased desaturase activity. To further clarify these possible abnormalities, we examined serum fatty acid patterns in dogs with atopic dermatitis and normal controls. Atopic dermatitis was diagnosed according to the diagnostic criteria proposed by Willemse, after elimination of other possible causes of pruritic dermatitis. Both the relative and the absolute amounts of fatty acids in sera were determined by gas chromatography. Differences in the serum fatty acid pattern indicating a reduction in desaturase activity were not detected in atopic dogs when compared with controls.  相似文献   

15.
Isolates of Malassezia pachydermatis from healthy dog skin and from dogs with atopic dermatitis were molecularly characterized using internal spacer 1 (IGS1) region analyses, and their phospholipase A2 activity and pH growth profiles were then characterized in vitro. The percentage of isolates from healthy dogs that had the following IGS1 subtypes (isotype, %) were as follows: 1A, 6%; 1B, 27%; 1C, 11%; 2A, 6%; 2B, 6%; 3A, 11%; 3C, 3%; and 3D, 24%. In contrast, 9% of isolates from dogs with atopic dermatitis were isotype IB and 91% were isotype 3D, indicating that isolates of subtype 3D were the most prevalent in dogs with atopic dermatitis. Production of phospholipase A2 was statistically higher in isolates of subtype 3D than in the other subtypes. The subtype 3D isolates showed enhanced growth on alkaline medium compared with non-3D subtype isolates. The main clinical sign of canine Malassezia dermatitis is waxy exudates on the skin, which predispose the patient to development of a yeast overgrowth of the subtype 3D. Increased phospholipase A2 production may be involved in the inflammatory process associated with Malassezia dermatitis.  相似文献   

16.
To compare the efficacy, tolerability and safety of a generic formulation of ciclosporin for human beings with prednisone in the treatment of canine atopic dermatitis), human generic ciclosporin A (hgCsA) (5 mg/kg daily) and prednisone (1 mg/kg daily for seven days, followed by 1 mg/kg every second day) were administered to 13 and seven dogs with atopic dermatitis, respectively, for 42 days. Skin changes were assessed using a modified canine atopic dermatitis extent and severity index (mCADESI-01) and a pruritus intensity scale system. The in vitro functional capacity of phagocytic cells was assessed using the tetrazolium reductase activity and zymosan-stimulated tetrazolium reductase activity tests, as well as measurements of the percentage phagocytic activity and the ingestion capacity of phagocytic cells. Haematological and biochemical parameters were also monitored. There was a greater than or equal to 50 per cent reduction from the baseline in mCADESI-01 scores in 84.6 and 100 per cent of dogs, and a greater than or equal to 50 per cent reduction from the baseline in pruritus scores in 76.9 and 85.7 per cent of dogs, treated with hgCsA and prednisone, respectively. No important adverse physical, haematological or biochemical effects occurred with either drug and no statistically significant changes were detected in any of the four tests assessing the functional activity of phagocytes. The generic formulation of ciclosporin was effective in reducing the severity of physical signs of canine atopic dermatitis and was well tolerated.  相似文献   

17.
In humans, skin barrier dysfunction is thought to be responsible for enhanced penetration of allergens. Similar to conditions seen in humans, canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is characterized by derangement of corneocytes and disorganization of intercellular lipids in the stratum corenum (SC) with decreased ceramide levels. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of a moisturizer containing ceramide on dogs with CAD. Dogs (n = 20, 3~8 years old) with mild to moderate clinical signs were recruited and applied a moisturizer containing ceramide for 4 weeks. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin hydration, pruritus index for canine atopic dermatitis (PICAD) scores, and canine atopic dermatitis extent and severity index (CADESI) scores of all dogs were evaluated. Skin samples from five dogs were also examined with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) using ruthenium tetroxide. TEWL, PICAD, and CADESI values decreased (p < 0.05) and skin hydration increased dramatically over time (p < 0.05). Electron micrographs showed that the skin barrier of all five dogs was partially restored (p < 0.05). In conclusion, these results demonstrated that moisturizer containing ceramide was effective for treating skin barrier dysfunction and CAD symptoms.  相似文献   

18.
The aim of this study was to compare the adherence of four strains of Staphylococcus intermedius and a single strain of Staphylococcus hominis to corneocytes from both normal dogs and dogs suffering from atopic dermatitis. Cells from the skin surface, corneocytes, were collected from 10 normal dogs and 10 dogs suffering from atopic dermatitis. Four strains of S. intermedius, three isolated from canine pyoderma skin lesions (strains A, B and C), and one isolated form from canine synovial membrane sample from a case of septic arthritis (strain D) were compared. S. hominis, which is not normally associated with canine disease, was also evaluated for its ability to adhere to canine corneocytes. S. hominis did not adhere to canine corneocytes. All four strains of S. intermedius adhered well to canine corneocytes collected from both normal and atopic dogs. All strains of S. intermedius showed statistically greater adherence to corneocytes collected from atopic dogs compared with those collected from normal dogs. It was concluded that the adherence assay employed here showed that S. hominis does not adhere to canine corneocytes, S. intermedius adheres preferentially to atopic corneocytes.  相似文献   

19.
The purpose of the study reported here was to determine whether dogs with chronic valvular disease have increased plasma C-reactive protein concentration, compared with that in clinically normal dogs. Blood was collected from 47 dogs with physical and echocardiographic evidence of chronic valvular disease and from 20 healthy controls. C-reactive protein concentration was determined with a commercial canine C-reactive protein enzyme immunoassay. Compared with controls, dogs with chronic valvular disease had higher plasma concentration of C-reactive protein (median 2.17 microg/mL [range, 0.86-33.8 microg/mL]) versus 1.43 microg/mL [range, 0.84-4.99 microg/mL]; P < .001). C-reactive protein concentration was not related to the presence of congestive heart failure or murmur grade. The results of this study suggest that increased concentration of C-reactive protein is found in dogs with chronic valvular disease.  相似文献   

20.
There is an increasing incidence of atopic diseases (asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis) in humans, especially in developed countries. Although there is a genetic predisposition to the development of these diseases, the rapid rise in incidence is suspected to be caused by environmental rather than genetic factors. Neither the incidence nor the prevalence of atopic dermatitis in the general canine population has been studied. As many of the environmental factors associated with the increasing incidence of atopic dermatitis in humans are consistently found in the environment of dogs, it would seem likely that a similar increase in the incidence of this disease would be occurring also in dogs. Epidemiological studies of canine atopic dermatitis are needed to characterize the incidence and prevalence of atopic dermatitis, and to further study the factors that contribute to the development of this disease.  相似文献   

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