共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
豌豆彩潜蝇Chromatomyia horticola是我国重要的潜叶蝇类蔬菜害虫,寄生蜂是其重要的天敌。2018年7月,豌豆彩潜蝇首次在西藏地区被发现。为探明西藏地区豌豆彩潜蝇的发生情况及其天敌寄生蜂种类,于2018年-2019年对西藏拉萨、林芝、山南、日喀则4个地区进行了调查采样。结果表明,豌豆彩潜蝇在西藏地区发生程度中等,为害等级达Ⅲ级。调查到被其为害的寄主植物为5科7属7种,主要嗜好菊科和豆科植物。豌豆彩潜蝇的寄生蜂种类包括3科8属12种,其中优势种为豌豆潜蝇姬小蜂Diglyphus isaea、双斑潜蝇姬小蜂Diglyphus bimaculatus和西伯利亚离颚茧蜂Dacnusa sibirica,分别占总羽化寄生蜂个体数的35.71%、28.18%和21.01%,豌豆潜蝇姬小蜂主要来自寄主植物豌豆,双斑潜蝇姬小蜂和西伯利亚离颚茧蜂的发生期最长,7月-9月均有发生。同期,我们在西藏调查发现了入侵种南美斑潜蝇Liriomyza huidobrensis,为此,本文还讨论了西藏地区豌豆彩潜蝇和南美斑潜蝇的寄生蜂种类组成差异和寄生蜂的控害特性及控害效应,以期为制定生态调控和绿色防... 相似文献
2.
3.
植物乙醇提取物对美洲斑潜蝇寄生性天敌的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文研究了马缨丹（Lantana camara、飞机草Chromolaena odorata和蟛蜞菊Wedelia chinensis乙醇提取物以及机油乳剂对美洲斑潜蝇两种主要寄生蜂底比斯釉姬小蜂Chrysochairis pentheus((Walker）和丽潜蝇姬小蜂Neuchrysocharis formosa(Westwood)的影响，研究结果表明：供试的上植物乙醇提取物对美洲斑潜蝇上述两种寄生蜂的成、幼蜂无毒杀作用，对底比斯釉姬小蜂和丽潜蝇姬小蜂的寄生行为均无影响。 相似文献
4.
5.
6.
7.
为了研究蚕豆Vicia faba挥发物在南美斑潜蝇Liriomyza huidobrensis及其优势寄生性天敌甘蓝潜蝇茧蜂Opius dimidiatus寻找寄主中的作用,本文采用了4种行为观测法进行试验,分别为＂I＂型嗅觉仪单刺激源、＂Y＂型嗅觉仪双刺激源、双室器双刺激源和田间模拟多刺激源的行为反应。试验分别设置健康植株处理、虫害植株处理和机械损伤植株处理及空气或泥土对照。结果表明,南美斑潜蝇雌虫和甘蓝潜蝇茧蜂雌虫在寻找寄主的过程中对蚕豆挥发物有显著的趋向作用。健康蚕豆植株处理和虫害植株处理分别对南美斑潜蝇雌虫和甘蓝潜蝇茧蜂雌虫选择寄主有显著的引诱作用。4种行为观测法所得结果基本一致。 相似文献
8.
美洲斑潜蝇外寄生蜂——贝氏潜蝇姬小蜂研究进展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
贝氏潜蝇姬小蜂是为害多种农作物的几种潜叶蝇类害虫的重要寄生蜂。作为一种重要生物防治因子，在北美和西欧的一些国家和地区已经进行商品化生产，用来防治蔬菜及观赏性花卉上的美洲斑潜蝇和三叶草斑潜蝇。为了对其有一个较全面的了解。本文详细的论述了贝氏潜蝇姬小蜂的寄主范围。生物学，饲养繁殖及化学杀虫剂对其影响的进展。 相似文献
9.
10.
潜蝇姬小蜂的寄生行为观察、扩繁与限制释放 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
潜蝇姬小蜂[Diglyphus isaea (Walker)]是寄生美洲斑潜蝇(Liriomyza satiuae Blanchard)的优势天敌,属膜翅目,小蜂总科,姬小蜂科,潜蝇姬小蜂属.最早的自然种群是在欧洲、北非和日本被发现,80年代被引入美国、加拿大和新西兰,以后世界各地也相继引种.中国农业科学院生物防治研究所1995年首次从荷兰引入该种蜂,目的在于控制90年代以来传入,在我国猖獗为害的美洲斑潜蝇.通过在检疫温室的饲养扩繁和小面积的隔离释放,我们对潜蝇姬小蜂的幼虫和成虫的寄生行为进行了观察,并开展了小规模扩繁和限制释放试验,其结果如下. 相似文献
11.
12.
美洲斑潜蝇Liriomyzasativae是近年传入我国的重要害虫。据广东（广州）、云南（昆明）和江西各地采的寄生蜂标本鉴定,主要有潜蝇茧蜂Opiussp．潜蝇凹面姬小蜂Chrysocharispentheus（Walker）,潜蝇姬小蜂Diglyphusisaea（Walhar）,港闭口崎姬小＄Oryo～训四dW（ffe而加）,潜绳网坛娇小问m叩o～SP．（种名待定）,异角姬小峰怪m冲M。。（Giradt）和借用黄斑响小峰T～dtAsaSp．（种名待定）,其中除冈岭和异角两种沉小挂外,其他种类在南昌地区也均为豌豆植潜蝇的寄生峰。据南昌地区的调查,豌豆植潜蝇寄生蝶种数约20种,而美洲斑浴… 相似文献
13.
蚕豆田潜蝇姬小蜂白昼活动规律 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文就蚕豆上潜蝇姬小蜂白昼活动规律进行了研究,在午间13：00-14：00时气温最高时,为潜蝇姬小蜂的活动高峰期,种群(Y)和温度(X)的白昼活动模式为Y=-2．41 1．38x-0．09x^2,r=0．7221;在蚕豆成熟时,潜蝇姬小蜂种群数量最大。 相似文献
14.
Jens P. Levenfors Mariann Wikström Lars Persson Berndt Gerhardson 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(6):535-543
Host range and pathogenicity of a range of Aphanomyces spp. isolates obtained from pea roots but also from a range of other field-grown leguminous crops in southern Sweden was investigated. The Aphanomyces euteiches isolates originating from pea and the few obtained isolates originating from alfalfa, green bean and yellow sweet-clover were highly pathogenic only to pea. The A. euteiches isolated from common vetch differed from these isolates by being weakly pathogenic to pea and other legumes, but highly pathogenic to common vetch. Vetch isolates also formed a well-defined separate cluster based on principal component analysis of pathogenicity pattern on tested crops. Oospores of A. euteiches were observed in root tissue of pea as well as common vetch, alfalfa, green bean, broad bean, red clover and yellow sweet-clover in the greenhouse pathogenicity tests. An Aphanomyces sp. that morphologically differed from A. euteiches, was frequently isolated from several leguminous plants, but was non-pathogenic to all tested crops in the pathogenicity tests. In isozyme analysis the banding pattern of these isolates resembled the pattern of A. cladogamus. Another, different and so far unidentified Aphanomyces sp. from roots of green bean and broad bean, was also non-pathogenic to the tested legume species. Based on the isolates tested, the results obtained suggest that the population of Aphanomyces spp. infecting legume roots in Sweden consists of a pea-specific and a vetch-specific group of A. euteiches. Two other groups comprised (i) Aphanomyces sp. isolates that resembled A. cladogamus, and (ii) isolates, which resembled neither A. euteiches nor A. cladogamus. In addition, the host range of Swedish A. euteiches isolates was not as broad as reported for A. euteiches isolates from other countries. 相似文献
15.
Aphanomyces root rot ( Aphanomyces euteiches ) has become a very destructive disease in French pea crops since 1993. The host specificity of the French pea-infecting populations of this pathogen was investigated by inoculating pea, common vetch, alfalfa, broad bean and green bean with 91 pea-infecting A. euteiches isolates, originating from the main areas of infestation in France. These isolates were compared to 13 isolates from various countries and hosts (pea, green bean, alfalfa). Virulence phenotypes were defined according to the pathogenicity data on the different hosts: all isolates from France infected two to five legume species, with most infecting pea, vetch, alfalfa and broad bean. Four pathotypes were characterized within the French isolates: one type corresponded to broad host range isolates, the second was composed of isolates preferentially agressive on pea/vetch/alfalfa and weakly aggressive on broad bean, and two others corresponding to more specialized isolates that preferentially infected pea/vetch or pea/vetch/alfalfa. Most isolates from France were preferentially pathogenic on pea, like the pea-infecting isolates from other countries, but were less specialized than the alfalfa- and green bean-infecting isolates from other countries. These results suggest that A. euteiches isolates may be maintained on wild or cultivated legumes other than pea in France. 相似文献
16.
Glasshouse trials of Coniothyrium minitans and Trichoderma species for the biological control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in celery and lettuce 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Coniothyrium minitans, Trichoderma harzianum (HH3) and Trichoderma sp. (B1) were tested for ability to control disease caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in a sequence of a celery crop and two lettuce crops in the glasshouse. In control plots, over 80% of celery and 90 and 60% of lettuce in first and second crops, respectively, were infected at harvest. Only the C. minitaris treatment in the first lettuce crop decreased disease and increased marketable yield. Nevertheless, C. minitans reduced the number of sclerotia recovered at harvest in the celery and first lettuce crops and decreased sclerotial survival over the autumn fallow periods following the celery and second lettuce crop. C. minitans survived in soil for over 1 year and spread to infect sclerotia in virtually all other plots. C. minitans infected sclerotia at all times of the year but sclerotia still failed to degrade during the summer months when the soil was dry. The Trichoderma species tested had no effect on disease and almost no effect on the survival of the sclerotia. even though they could be recovered from soil for the duration of the experiments. 相似文献
17.
潜蝇绿凹面姬小蜂的取食寄主习性观察 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
潜蝇绿凹面姬小蜂通过取食和寄生两种方式致死寄主。雌蜂明显选择成熟的豌豆潜叶蝇幼虫寄生,不寄生初孵幼虫,对初孵幼虫的取食量也比较少。在雌蜂一生中,杀死的寄主总数,取食致死占 59.4％。寄生致死占40.5％。取食致死数与寄主致死数密切相关,说明补充营养对该蜂产卵寄生是必需的。 相似文献
18.
19.
The powdery mildew Erysiphe pisi var. pisi, complete with its teleomorph, has been observed on faba beans ( Vicia faba cultivars) for the first time in Britain. It appeared in a glasshouse on Syrian lines of fodder bean and English cultivars of broad bean. It also infected tare ( Vicia sativa ) and sweet pea ( Lathyrus odoratus ), but not edible pea ( Pisum sativum ), ornamental lupin ( Lupinus polyphyllus ), French bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) or sainfoin ( Onobrychis viciaefolia ). Inoculations in a glasshouse showed that another strain of E. pisi var. pisi found on outdoor everlasting pea ( Lathyrus latifolius ) was also capable of affecting faba bean, and was distinguished by its ability to infect edible pea. A third strain found on outdoor ornamental lupin infected only lupin. E. pisi var. pisi was shown to be morphologically and pathogenically distinct from the Erysiphe sp. newly affecting tomatoes in Britain. 相似文献