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1.
A study was conducted with breeding ostriches over two consecutive breeding seasons to determine their response to different concentrations of a well-balanced dietary protein.
Five concentrations of protein were fed to both females and males at an intake of 2.5 kg/bird d. The respective diets contained 75, 91, 108, 123 and 140 g protein/kg feed with energy held constant at 9.2 MJ metabolisable energy/kg feed.
Egg production (mean ± SE, 39.1 ± 3.6 eggs/female/season) was unaffected by dietary protein concentration. Similarly, no significant trends were found for the number of unfertilised eggs (9.1 ± 1.8), dead-in-shell chicks (8.2 ± 1.3), the number of chicks hatched (19.5 ± 2.5) and change in the mass of females (?16.3 ± 10.2 kg). Egg weight decreased linearly as dietary protein content increased.
Age of the ostrich female had a highly significant effect on the number of eggs laid, the number of chicks hatched, the number of dead-in-shell and infertile eggs produced per hen, as well as the mass change of female breeding birds, but did not affect the response of any of these variables to dietary protein content.
It was concluded that ostriches do not benefit from dietary protein contents greater than about 75 g/kg when this is fed at a daily total feed intake rate of 2.5 kg/bird during the breeding season.
2.
本试验旨在通过研究饲粮不同代谢能、粗蛋白质水平对新杨绿壳蛋鸡产蛋后期(44~56周龄)生产性能、蛋品质及血清生化指标的影响,得出其产蛋后期饲粮代谢能和粗蛋白质的适宜配比。选取768羽体重相近的43周龄末新杨绿壳蛋鸡,随机分为6组,每组4个重复,每个重复32羽。采用2×3因子(代谢能水平为10.87和11.08 MJ/kg,粗蛋白质水平为15.00%、15.50%和16.00%)设计试验,共设计6种饲粮。试验预试期1周,正试期12周。结果表明:1)饲粮不同代谢能、粗蛋白质水平对绿壳蛋鸡产蛋后期产蛋率和料蛋比有显著影响(P0.05),饲粮代谢能和粗蛋白质水平在产蛋率上表现出极显著的交互作用(P0.01),其中,高能低蛋组(代谢能为11.08 MJ/kg,粗蛋白质为15.00%)产蛋率最高,料蛋比最低。2)饲粮较高粗蛋白质水平(16.00%)能显著提高绿壳蛋鸡产蛋后期鸡蛋的哈氏单位(P0.05);饲粮较高代谢能水平(11.08 MJ/kg)能显著提高绿壳蛋鸡产蛋后期鸡蛋的蛋黄颜色(P0.05);饲粮代谢能和粗蛋白质水平在蛋品质上未表现出显著的交互作用(P0.05)。3)高能低蛋组绿壳蛋鸡血清尿素氮含量最低;饲粮较高代谢能水平(11.08 MJ/kg)能显著降低绿壳蛋鸡血清总胆固醇含量(P0.05)。综上,在本试验条件下,饲粮代谢能、粗蛋白质水平分别为11.08 MJ/kg和15.00%时,更有利于绿壳蛋鸡产蛋后期生产性能的发挥和蛋品质的改善。 相似文献
3.
1. The effect of three metabolisable energy (ME) concentrations 12.2, 11.3 and 10.5 MJ ME/kg and two forms of diet (mash and pellet) on egg production in summer and winter were studied. The different ME values were obtained by diluting the 12.2 MJ ME/kg diet with sugar beet pulp of 2.88 MJ/kg DM. In a 3rd summer experiment the water intake of hens on these diets was examined. Data were analysed by factorial analysis of variance, and the relationship between performance and dietary energy concentration was examined by regression analysis.
2. The use of low energy diets (10.5 to 11.3 MJ ME/kg) decreased egg production in both seasons, but pelleting diets improved egg production and egg weight in summer. Egg weight was not affected by energy density in winter, but decreased in the summer when energy density increased.
3. In winter, food consumption was not affected by the dietary ME, while in summer food consumption increased when the dietary ME increased. Therefore, energy intake was not the same at all energy densities, but tended to increase as the energy density increased.
4. In summer, pelleting improved food efficiency and egg production and increased water consumption and the ratio of water to food intake. Water intake and water: food ratio decreased with increasing dietary energy concentration. 相似文献
4.
为研究22~42日龄肉鸡WOD168公鸡适宜的能量、蛋白质水平,以1 350只22日龄健康的肉鸡WOD168公鸡为试验对象,采用2×3因子设计,研究代谢能水平(ME分别为12.98、13.19 MJ/kg)、粗蛋白水平(CP分别为17.5%、18.5%、19.5%)及其交互作用对鸡生长性能与屠宰性能的影响。结果显示:CP水平为17.5%时42日龄体重显著降低(P<0.01);采食量、料肉比、营养摄入量等均表现出ME、CP的交互作用(P<0.05);屠体率随日粮能量水平提高而降低(P=0.057),而翅膀相对重随蛋白水平提高而提高(P=0.091)。研究提示,22~42日龄肉鸡WOD168公鸡在ME为13.19 MJ/kg、CP为19.5%时可获得最佳生长性能,而ME为12.98 MJ/kg、CP为17.5%时可获得较低料肉比及最佳屠宰性能。 相似文献
5.
Ross G. COOPER 《Animal Science Journal》2005,76(1):1-4
The use of the ostrich as a livestock animal necessitates an understanding of its ability to utilize specific nutrient requirements if efficient growth is to be realized. Male ostriches may have to be raised separately as they grow faster; they require higher protein diets and are more efficient feed converters for longer periods than female ostriches. Male ostriches exhibit slightly faster maturation rates than female ostriches. The corresponding age at which maximum growth is attained is 181 days for male ostriches and 199 days for female ostriches. The growth curve of ostriches is sigmoid and asymptotic. Body mass reached in 1 year is approximately 104 kg. The metabolic age of ostriches at hatching is approximately 13.7 days. Feed conversion has an impact on growth. The ostrich chick (aged <2 months) has a high feed conversion to body mass ratio of 2:1, which requires very accurate and careful management of chick nutrition. 相似文献
6.
试验旨在研究日粮能量和蛋白质添加水平对蛋鸭生产性能的影响。采用3×3完全随机试验设计,3个能量添加水平（10.8、11.3和11.8 MJ/kg）和3个蛋白质添加水平（17.0%、19.0%和21.0%）。选用16周龄的金定蛋鸭432只,随机分为9组,即试验1组（10.8 MJ/kg、17.0%）、试验2组（10.8 MJ/kg、19.0%）、试验3组（10.8 MJ/kg、21.0%）、试验4组（11.3 MJ/kg、17.0%）、试验5组（11.3 MJ/kg、19.0%）、试验6组（11.3 MJ/kg、21.0%）、试验7组（11.8 MJ/kg、17.0%）、试验8组（11.8 MJ/kg、19.0%）和试验9组（11.8 MJ/kg、21.0%）,每组4个重复,每个重复12只鸭,试验期90 d。结果表明:①日粮中能量的添加水平显著影响蛋鸭平均蛋重（P<0.05）,而对采食量和料蛋比的影响均无显著影响（P>0.05）;②日粮中蛋白质的添加水平对蛋鸭生产性能的影响差异均不显著（P>0.05）;③在本试验添加水平范围内,能量和蛋白质的互作效应未对蛋鸭的生产性能产生影响（P>0.05）。综合认为,在海南地区产蛋期蛋鸭能量添加水平11.3 MJ/kg,蛋白质添加水平17.0%效果较好。 相似文献
7.
Effect of the gut microflora on chick growth and utilisation of protein and energy at different concentrations of dietary protein 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The effect of the gut flora on chick growth and protein and energy utilisation at a marginal dietary energy level (calculated metabolisable energy value 11.7 MJ/kg) was determined with diets containing 227 or 293 g protein/kg. Germ-free (GF) and conventional (CV) chicks were reared for 10 d on the diets, and excreta were collected during the last 4 d. The chicks were killed and carcases and droppings were analysed for N and fat. The GF chicks grew significantly faster than the CV controls on both diets. The growth of CV chicks given the high protein diet was similar to that of GF chicks given the adequate protein diet. Protein and energy utilisation were significantly less for CV than for GF chicks on both diets. It was concluded that the energy requirement of CV chicks was greater than that of their GF counterparts, and that their poorer growth was due to utilisation of some dietary protein as an energy source. 相似文献
8.
能量水平对0～21日龄岭南黄肉鸡生产性能、胴体品质和体组成的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
将600只岭南黄初生雏鸡随机分为5组,每组120只,公母各半,分栏饲养,饲粮代谢能水平(MJ／kg)分别为11.88,12.19,12.92,13.22和13.60,观察21天。结果,11.88 MJ／kg组公雏平均日增重显著低于其余四组(p<0.05),料肉比显著高于其余四组(p<0.05),13.60MJ／kg组腹脂率最高,极显著高于其余四组(p<0.01),13.22和13.60MJ／kg组体蛋白含量极显著低于11.88,12.19MJ/kg组(p<0.01);对母雏,饲粮代谢能12.92,13.22和13.60MJ／kg组平均日增重显著或极显著高于11.88,12.19MJ／kg组(p<0.05或P<0.01),料肉比显著低于11.88 MJ／kg组(P<0.05),11.88 MJ／kg组体脂肪含量显著低于其余四组(p<0.05),但体蛋白含量显著高于其余四组(p<0.05),灰分含量极显著高于12.92,13.22和13.60MJ／kg组(p<0.01)。 相似文献
9.
T. H. Khoo 《British poultry science》1977,18(3):223-226
1. Diets containing 170 or 190 g protein/kg and 10.9 or 11.7 MJ ME/kg in all combinations were offered to dwarf hens in two dietary presentations: a complete mash or a form in which part of the protein and calcium contents were presented as soyabean meal pellets and limestone grit respectively.
2. Egg production and egg mass output were higher with the 190 g protein/kg diets.
3. Lower‐energy diets gave better egg production, while higher‐energy diets containing 190 g protein/kg improved food conversion efficiency.
4. Separation of protein and calcium constituents tended to give better egg production, food conversion efficiency, shell thickness and egg mass output. 相似文献
10.
用1600只42日龄岭南黄鸡以2(性别)×5(代谢能水平)试验设计,向玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加不同剂量植物油、沸石粉和玉米芯粉,使5种代谢能水平分别为:12.134,12.552,12.970,13.389,13.807MJ／kg,观测鸡的生产性能。结果:以生长性能、能量和粗蛋白质沉积率以及胴体品质为评价指标时,43~63日龄最适饲粮代谢能水平分别为13.376MJ／kg、12.958MJ/kg和12.540MJ/kg;以肌肉脂肪含量为评价指标时,公、母鸡饲粮代谢能最适需要量分别为12.958和13.376MJ／kg;以空体成分为评价指标时,母鸡最适饲粮代谢能水平为12.540MJ/kg。 相似文献
11.
Apparent (AMEn) and true (TMEn) metabolisable energy values, corrected for nitrogen retention, of wheat bran, saltbush (Atriplex nummularia), common reed (Phragmites australis), lupins, soyabean oil cake meal (SBOCM), sunflower oil cake meal (SFOCM) and fishmeal were compared in 7 successive trials using 12 mature South African Black ostriches and 10 adult Australorp cockerels per ingredient. TMEn values of 11.91, 7.09, 8.67, 14.61, 13.44, 10.79 and 15.13 MJ/kg for wheat bran, saltbush, common reed, lupins, SBOCM, SFOCM and fishmeal, respectively, were found for ostriches in comparison to lower (P<0.05) values of 8.55, 4.50, 2.79, 9.40, 9.04, 8.89 and 13.95 MJ/kg for cockerels. The higher (P<0.05) ME values for ostriches confirm that the ostrich is capable of digesting foodstuffs, especially those with high fibre concentrations such as drought-resistant fodders, more effectively than poultry. Plant protein sources could make a considerable energy contribution to diets for ostriches. It is concluded that it is essential to use energy values of foodstuffs determined using ostriches and not extrapolated values derived from poultry in diet formulation for ostriches. 相似文献
12.
选用60日龄体质量均匀、健康的塞北乌骨鸡120只,随机分为I～V个试验组,每个试验组设4个重复,每个组6只乌骨鸡（雌雄各半）,探讨饲粮中添加不同水平能量（10．38,10．94,11．51,12．34,12．96MJ／kg）,对塞北乌骨鸡体增质量、血液指标和免疫器官的影响。结果表明。育成期公鸡在12．34MJ／kg时体增质量最高,母鸡在12．96MJ／kg时体增质量最高;80日龄时公鸡调节血糖的能力优于母鸡,对肝脏具有很好的保护力;LDL—C与日粮能量引起体质量的变化具有一定的相关性。总胆固醇的含量在育成期随着日粮中能量水平的增加而逐渐下降。日粮能量水平不同,对内脏器官的影响也不同,都存在不同的显著性差异。 相似文献
13.
0~6周龄古典型岑溪三黄鸡对能量、蛋白质和含硫氨基酸营养需要量的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验选用1日龄雌性古典型岑溪三黄鸡1080只,平均分成9个处理,每个处理设3个重复,每个重复为40只,用9种不同的处理日粮,进行为期6周的饲养试验。试验结果表明,能量对古典型岑溪三黄鸡的采食量、增重和料重比影响差异显著（P<0.05）,蛋白质和含硫氨基酸对古典型岑溪三黄鸡的增重、采食量和料重比影响差异不显著（P>0.05）。以增重为衡量指标,能量、蛋白质和总含硫氨基酸水平分别以12.13 MJ/kg、20%和0.97%对古典型岑溪三黄鸡最佳。 相似文献
14.
Bennett DC Kaneko A Karasawa Y 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2012,96(4):600-609
Successful ostrich farming requires knowledge of the nutritional needs of the birds. While much information is available on the nutritional value of various feed ingredients fed to ostriches, there is little known about their specific nutrient requirements. In this study, we measured the maintenance nitrogen requirements (MNR) of ostriches by nitrogen balance. We predict, based on the previous analysis of nitrogen requirements of various species of birds, that ostriches would have a MNR of 13.6-19.1 g N/day and a total endogenous nitrogen loss (TENL) of 2.8-5.1 g N/day. Three adult female ostriches were fed five pelleted diets containing 0.6-2.3% N [4-14.6% crude protein (CP)], 17.5 kJ/g gross energy (11.4 kJ/g ME) and 30% neutral detergent fibre. Each dietary trial consisted of a 10-day adaptation period, followed by a 5-day total excreta collection period. Body mass (109 ± 3 kg) and metabolizable energy intake (20.5 ± 0.7 MJ/day) were unaffected by dietary nitrogen levels. After correcting for excreta nitrogen losses during drying, MNR was calculated to be 481 mg N/kg(0.75) /day or 16.2 g N/day (100 g CP/day), and TENL as 310 mg N/kg(0.75) /day or 10.5 g N/day. Failure to correct for the 10.9 ± 4.1% average N losses during drying would underpredict the 'true' MNR by 35% and TENL by 46%. Our estimate for MNR of ostriches predicts a dietary requirement of 6.7% protein. Our estimate of TENL was nearly twice that predicted, possibly reflecting the high fibre content of their diet. 相似文献
15.
5～8周龄固始鸡能量和蛋白质需要量的研究 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：14
本试验选用 4周龄固始肉鸡 972只 (公母各半 )。采用 3× 3因子设计 ,饲喂代谢能 (ME)和粗蛋白质 (CP)水平不同的 9种玉米—鱼粉—豆粕型日粮。通过饲养试验、比较屠宰试验和代谢试验 ,研究不同的能量和粗蛋白质水平对 5～ 8周龄的固始鸡雏鸡生产性能、屠体成分的影响 ,根据三个试验的研究结果 ,得出固始鸡在 5～ 8周龄阶段 ,其日粮适宜的能量和粗蛋白质营养水平分别为 :代谢能 12 .6 9MJ Kg,粗蛋白质 18.2 0 % ,蛋能比 14 .34g MJ。 相似文献
16.
Brand TS de Brabander L van Schalkwyk SJ Pfister B Hays JP 《British poultry science》2000,41(2):201-203
1. The true metabolisable energy (TME) of canola oilcake and full-fat canola seed was determined for ostriches to broaden our knowledge of canola as a potential protein and energy source for ostriches. 2. Both test materials were diluted with a basal diet, fed to ostriches and TME-values estimated by multiple regression analysis. 3. The TME values for canola oilcake meal and full-fat canola seed for ostriches were respectively 13.76 MJ kg(-1) and 22.5 MJ kg(-1). 4. The TME values obtained for these 2 important protein sources will assist in the more accurate formulation of diets for ostriches. 相似文献
17.
1. A diet containing 110 g crude protein/kg caused smaller losses in egg weight, numbers and body weight in Babcock B300 layers than diets containing 90 g protein/kg, 6.56 MJ ME/kg or 7.90 MJ/kg.
2. The sequence of repletion of depleted birds was body weight, egg weight and egg number. For the first alone more than 420 kJ/d was required, for body weight and egg weight more than 630 kJ/d and for all three more than 1170 kJ/d. 相似文献
18.
1. Performance, gait score (GS), tibial dyschondroplasia (TD), and tibia bone mineralisation and breaking strength were determined in 2880 male and female Ross 208 broilers fed on diets with two different concentrations of dietary metabolisable energy (ME) (11.00 or 12.00 MJ/kg) and 4 different concentrations of available phosphorus (aP) adjusted for dietary ME content (4.0, 4.5, 5.0 or 5.5 g/kg aP in starter and 3.5, 4.0, 4.5 or 5.0 g/kg aP in finisher diets containing 12.00 MJ/kg). 2. Tibia ash, calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) contents in broilers given diets with low ME (11.00 MJ/kg) were greater than those of broilers given diets with higher ME (12.00 MJ/kg). Tibia ash, Ca and P contents increased curvilinearly with increasing dietary aP content. The dietary aP level had no effect on GS. 3. Dietary concentration of ME or aP had no effect on tibia breaking strength. 4. Walking ability, as measured by GS, was negatively correlated with the body weight (BW) of tested birds at 23 and 35 d of age, but the dietary ME content or aP level had no significant effect on GS at 35 d of age. 5. The results indicated that bone mineral content had no clear correlation with the walking ability of broilers. 相似文献
19.
本研究旨在探讨蛋能比保持一定的情况下,低蛋白质补充前3种限制性氨基酸日粮对9～16周龄宁都三黄鸡生长性能和胴体品质的影响。试验选用160羽体重为(573.1±11.0)g的9周龄健康宁都三黄母鸡,随机分为4个处理,每个处理4重复,每个重复10羽鸡。处理Ⅰ组(对照组)为玉米-豆粕型日粮,按照我国黄羽肉鸡饲养标准(2004)进行配制,其中代谢能为13.3 MJ/kg、蛋白质含量为16.5%(蛋白质/代谢能=12.3 g/MJ)。处理Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组(试验组)日粮蛋能比与处理Ⅰ组一致,代谢能分别为12.6、11.8、11.0 MJ/kg,蛋白质含量分别为15.5%、14.5%、13.5%。4组日粮均补充了蛋氨酸、赖氨酸和苏氨酸以满足三黄鸡对其需要。结果表明:(1)日粮蛋白质水平由16.5%降至14.5%,9～16周龄宁都三黄鸡日采食量、日增重和料重比无显著影响(P>0.05);当蛋白质降幅达3个百分点时,尽管补充了蛋氨酸、赖氨酸和苏氨酸,但宁都三黄鸡的生长性能受到显著影响(P<0.05);(2)日粮蛋白质水平降低3个百分点,宁都三黄鸡全净膛率显著升高(P<0.05),但对屠宰率、半净膛率、胸肌率及腿肌率影响不显著(P>0.05);(3)日粮蛋白质水平降低2个百分点及以上同时补充蛋氨酸、赖氨酸和苏氨酸时,宁都三黄鸡的腹脂率显著降低(P<0.05)。综合生长性能和胴体品质指标,在补充前3种限制性氨基酸的情况下,宁都三黄鸡日粮蛋白质降低的幅度不应超过2个百分点。 相似文献
20.
1. Guinea-fowl of both sexes and female chickens were fed from 1 to 12 weeks on diets the energy concentration of which was constant at either 2-6, 2-9 or 3-2 Mcal/kg (10-8, 12-1 or 13-4 MJ/kg) while the calorie to protein ratios were changed, for some groups, from 124 to 157 or 200 at 4 and 8 weeks. 2. Guinea-fowl, but not chickens, were unable to overconsume when the protein concentration was low with the result that the body fat content was not reduced when the protein concentration was increased. 3. In the second trial the ME level of the diets was fixed at 12-6 MJ/kg while the protein content was varied, from 21 to 28% in the diets fed to 6 weeks of age and from 15 to 24% in those fed from 6 to 12 weeks. 4. It is concluded that for the growing guinea-fowl the diet should contain 12-6 MJ ME/kg, the protein concentration reducing from 24 to 26% in the period 0 to 4 weeks to 19 to 20% in the period 4 to 8 weeks and to 16% or less in the period 8 to 12 weeks. 相似文献