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1.
甘蓝型高油酸油菜具有油酸含量高,亚油酸、亚麻酸含量低的特点,长期食用可降低心脑血管疾病发病风险,同时甘蓝型高油酸油菜适应性强,易于推广种植。然而,四川地区甘蓝型高油酸油菜种质资源收集、筛选工作不够系统全面,甘蓝型高油酸油菜品种、食用油品牌严重缺乏。为加强甘蓝型高油酸油菜资源保育与可持续开发利用,对其资源、育种和产业面临的问题进行了总结,为四川省开展甘蓝型高油酸油菜育种提供了一些思路和方向。 相似文献
2.
为了加速甘蓝型油菜高亚麻酸杂交育种进程。以高亚麻酸油菜种质为试验材料,采用快速选育方法进行油菜高亚麻酸CMS及保持系的选育。结果表明：选育周期从5～6年缩短为4年,亚麻酸含量由11.85%提升至16.96%,含油量由45.0%提升至48.8%,单株亚麻酸产出量由0.98 g提升至1.53 g。与原CMS（陕6A）相比,“YM-1A”的含油量、单株产量、亚麻酸含量、异交结实系数、单株亚麻酸产量分别提高8.45%、4.49%、59.43%、12.8%、80.65%;而自交结实系数降低56.86%。因不育性、农艺、品质等性状显著提高,YM-1A在甘蓝型油菜高亚麻酸杂交育种中具有较高的利用价值。 相似文献
3.
《分子植物育种》2021,19(16):5496-5502
高含油油菜可提高单位面积产油量,因而受到广泛关注,但不同含油量油菜种子中代谢物的差异尚未清楚。本研究以2个含油量不同的甘蓝型油菜近等基因系授粉后20～35 d种子为材料,使用超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱分析不同含油量材料间代谢物差异。以低含油量材料为对照,共筛选出46种差异代谢物,其中24种与油脂合成通路相关,14种与脂肪酸合成通路相关,3种与糖代谢相关,2种与维生素代谢相关,1种与激素代谢相关,2种与花青素代谢相关。高含油油菜种子种固醇、花青素、硬脂酸、亚油酸等脂肪酸较高,亚麻酸含量较低。该结果有助于揭示油菜种子中油脂合成的机制,可为高含油油菜育种提供参考。 相似文献
4.
优质油菜的含义及其栽培技术要点 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
1 优质油菜的含义优质油菜指油菜产品的品质经过育种改良后形成的具有优良性状的新品种。国内外油菜育种家们认为最理想的油菜种质应该是 :脂肪酸组成中应是低芥酸、高油酸、高亚油酸和低亚麻酸 ;饼粕中含硫代葡萄糖甙低 ,含芥子碱、植酸微量 ;高油分和高蛋白质含量、低纤维素含量或具有黄色种皮颜色等。这些指标和要求应按阶段分步骤达到。目前 ,我们所说的优质油菜主要是指单低油菜 (低芥酸 )和双低油菜(低芥酸、低硫代葡萄糖甙 ,以下简称硫甙 ) ;高含油量或具有黄色种皮颜色。1.1 降低芥酸含量 ,改善菜籽油脂肪酸组成研究证明 ,菜籽油… 相似文献
5.
以甘兰型油菜品种的单株种子为材料,进行规格播种,研究菌核病对油菜单株产量等主要经济性状及菜籽品质、种子发芽和出苗的影响,结果表明:油菜受菌核病危害后,一次有效分枝数、全株有效角果数及角粒数减少,千粒重减轻,进而影响单株产量;同时菜籽含油量下降、种子发芽率降低,进而影响田间出苗率。而且这些性状均与发病程度呈负相关;再者脂肪组成成份中,芥酸和花生烯酸含量随发病程度的加重而下降;油酸和亚麻酸等其它脂肪酸则均随发病程度的加重而提高。 相似文献
6.
在双低油菜脂肪酸中，以棕榈酸（16：0）、油酸（18：0）、亚油酸（18：2）、亚麻酸（18：3）为主，这几种脂肪酸中每一种占双低油菜总脂肪酸含量都在1％以上，其余10种能够检测得到的脂肪酸（12：0，14：0，16：1，20：0，20：1，20：2，22：0，22：1，24：0，24：1）的含量都在1％以下。双低油菜中的饱和脂肪酸包括月桂酸、豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、油酸、花生酸、山嵛酸、木蜡酸等。双低油菜因其低饱和脂肪酸和高不饱和脂肪酸含量而被推崇为最健康的植物油。 相似文献
7.
中国是世界上油菜籽第一大生产国,油菜籽产量接近全世界总产量的30%,在农业经济中占有重要地位.种业是农业发展和农业安全的基石,标准化种子生产方式和高质量种子生产是现代农业发展的前提.但是中国种子生产发展相对落后于农业经济中其他部门,特别是加入WTO以后,种业和落后的种子生产模式面临来自全球的挑战.国际油菜种子生产主要分为3～5级,一般包括:育种家种子、先基础种子、基础种子、注册种子和合格种子,主要优势体现在以育种家种子作为种子繁育的唯一种源、限代繁殖、种源纯度高,不需选择等,具备完善产权保护制度、质量检测与过程检验并重,同时标准种子生产模式可以从多方面提高效率、节省育繁成本、提高种子质量.本文在国内外油菜种子分级制度、生产程序和质量标准分析的基础上,提出中国油菜四级种子生产程序创新与种子质量标准新体系建立的构想,为构建新的质量标准体系提供前提,从而对提高中国油菜种业竞争力、有效地服务国内农业生产提供参考. 相似文献
8.
油菜是我国的主要油料作物．北方和南方均有种植。20世纪80年代以来．我国双低油菜产业发展迅速,种植面积逐年扩大．各地油菜育种单位相继开展了品质分析工作。由于芥酸、硫甙的含量均是受有关遗传基因的控制,因此,在油菜育种工作中．需要对大量的杂交后代进行品质分析．以筛选出优质的单株或单粒种子。自20世纪70年代以来．各油菜育种单位相继开展了油菜品质分析工作．由于不断地提高技术和改进方法．使油菜品质分析的检测速度有了很大的提高。油菜品质分析项目主要有含油量、芥酸、脂肪酸组分、硫代葡萄糖甙的测定。下面介绍几种常用的分析方法。 相似文献
9.
油菜是我省主要农作物之一，播种面积已占全省农作物种植面积的三分之一，而且90％为优质杂交油菜，即低芥酸、低亚麻酸、高含油量。杂交油菜在我省油料作物生产中起着重要作用，其中种子纯度是最关键的因素。近年来，种子纯度合格率呈上升趋势，但油菜种子纯度仍然制约着优良品种的增产作用，这已引起种子生产、管理等部门的高度重视。本文通过对我省杂交油菜制种中存在的问题，提出了几项质量监督措施，以供种子生产、管理及检验人员参考。 相似文献
10.
11.
In order to enhance the economic value of edible rapeseed oil, an improvement of quality is necessary. Mutagenesis of rapeseed resulted in a low linolenic acid content and a low ‘linolenic acid (CIS: 3) level to linoleic acid (CIS: 2) level’ ratio, that is, the linoleic desaturation ratio (LDR), in the seeds of the Canadian variety ‘Stellar’. As an early breeding marker for low linolenic acid content, the pollen fatty acid composition was determined on 80 doubled haploid plants derived from a single F1 hybrid obtained from a cross between ‘Stellar’ and a high CIS: 3 variety ‘Drakkar’. Fatty acid analysis on seed and pollen showed that the low CIS: 3 and the low LDR traits from the ‘Stellar’ variety were expressed in pollen and in seeds, and that a very close correlation (r = 0.88) existed between seed and pollen for these two traits. The inheritance of these traits is controlled by two major genes with additive effects, both in seed and pollen. However, minor genes also appeared to be expressed in pollen and seed. These genes may allow the production of plants with lower CIS: 3 levels than that of the low linolenic acid content parent. The efficiency of this new tool for early screening in breeding programmes is discussed. 相似文献
12.
Undesirable characteristic of rapeseed oil is a relatively high level of linolenic acid (18:3), which is easily oxidized leading
to rancidity and a shortened shelf life of the oil. Previous attempts to reduce linolenic acid levels in rapeseed oil through
breeding have been impaired by complex genetics and strong environmental sensitivity of this trait. Therefore, our objective
was to develop molecular markers for low linolenic acid that could facilitate the breeding of low linolenic rapeseed. Bulked
segregant analysis was employed to identify two RAPD markers associated with 18:3 in a doubled haploid population segregating
for linolenic and erucic acid levels. Based on analysis of individual DH lines, the markers RM350 and RM574, representing
two independent loci, accounted for a total of 39% of the genetic variability in this population. This marker RM350 alone
accounted for 25% genetic variation for this trait with no evidence of recombination. Significant interlocus interaction found
between the markers RM350 and RM574 suggested that epistasis was involved in the genetic control of 18:3 level in this population.
Another marker designated as RM322, which was independent of the other two, was found significantly associated with the erucic
acid level and oil content. RAPD markers identified in this study should be a useful tool for the early detection of low linolenic,
or low or high erucic acid genotypes in rapeseed breeding programs based on doubled haploids.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
13.
14.
SCAR and RAPD markers associated with 18-carbon fatty acids in rapeseed, Brassica napus 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Breeding rapeseed for enhanced oil quality includes the development of varieties with low linolenic acid content. The breeder also aims to develop varieties with a high linoleic acid content because of its nutritional value. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers have been developed for linolenic acid content, but they are not best suited for a direct application in marker-assisted selection. The RFLP technique is too complex and time-consuming and RAPD markers lack codominance, precluding the distinction of homozygous from heterozygous individuals. In this report the conversion of a RAPD marker to a codominant sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker named L1L9 is described. One of the alleles consisting of an 899 bp fragment (allele A), is associated with low linolenic acid content. The other allele consists of an 641 bp fragment (allele B) and is associated with high linolenic acid content. This marker explains approximately 25% of the genetic variation for this trait. Linkage analysis in the mapping population indicates that the SCAR marker probably tags an ω-3 desaturase gene in B. napus. Two RAPD markers were found to be associated with oleic/linoleic acid content. Markers M14-350 and I06-650 explained approximately 10% and 7% of the genetic variation for linoleic acid content, respectively. These two markers were found linked at 12.3cM in the segregating B. napus F2 progeny used for mapping. All the markers reported in this paper should be useful in breeding programmes for developing high linoleic and low linolenic acid rapeseed varieties. 相似文献
15.
Summary The fatty acid composition of seed-oil of breeding lines and F1 hybrids of Matthiola incana was analyzed, using direct esterification and gas chromatography. The breeding lines tested differed significantly with respect to the levels of palmitic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids. Embryonic-stage heterosis in linolenic acid concentration was demonstrated by F1 hybrid seeds, derived from mating horticulturally different lines of M. incana. Linolenic acid content was negatively correlated with both oleic acid content (r=–0.85) and linoleic acid content (r=–0.66). None of the breeding lines or the F1 hybrids significantly passed the limit of 67% linolenic acid. Possible genetic and biochemical explanations for the above phenotypic data are discussed. 相似文献
16.
The zero erucic acid Ethiopian mustard lines developed so far are characterized by an exceptionally high linolenic acid content in the seed oil. The mutant line N2‐4961, expressing low linolenic acid content in a high erucic acid background, was developed through chemical mutagenesis. The objective of this research was to study the inheritance of low linolenic acid content in this mutant. Line N2‐4961 was reciprocally crossed with its parent line C‐101 and the linolenic acid content of the reciprocal F1, F2 and BC1 generations was studied. No maternal, cytoplasmic or dominance effects were detected in the analysis of F1 seeds and F1 plants from reciprocal crosses. Linolenic acid content segregated in 1: 2: 1 ratios in all the F2 populations studied, suggesting monogenic inheritance. This was confirmed with the analysis of the reciprocal backcross generation. The simple inheritance of low linolenic acid content in N2‐4961 will facilitate the transference of this trait to zero erucic acid lines of Ethiopian mustard. 相似文献
17.
The potential of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) for the simultaneous analysis of seed weight, total oil content
and its fatty acid composition in intact single seeds of rapeseed was studied. A calibration set of 530 single seeds was analysed
by both NIRS and gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) and calibration equations for the major fatty acids were developed. External
validation with a set of 75 seeds demonstrated a close relationship between NIRS and GLC data for oleic (r = 0.92) and erucic
acid (r = 0.94), but not for linoleic (r = 0.75) and linolenic acid (r = 0.73). Calibration equations for seed weight and
oil content were developed from a calibration set of 125 seeds. A gravimetric determination was used as reference method for
oil content. External validation revealed a coefficient of correlation between NIRS and reference methods of 0.92 for both
traits. The performance of the calibration equations for oleic and erucic acid was further studied by analysing two segregating
F2 seed populations not represented in the calibration set. The results demonstrated that a reliable selection for both fatty
acids in segregating populations can be made by using NIRS. We concluded that a reliable estimation of seed weight, oil content,
oleic acid and erucic acid content in intact, single seeds of rapeseed is possible by using NIRS technique.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
18.
利用DH和IF_2群体检测油菜籽粒油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸含量QTL 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以德国冬性甘蓝型油菜Express和中国半冬性甘蓝型油菜SWU07为亲本构建包含261个株系的DH群体和包含234个株系的IF2群体,检测不同年份条件下油菜籽粒油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸含量相关的QTL。在DH群体4年环境下共检测出71个QTL,在IF2群体2年环境下共检测出4个QTL。去掉在不同年份和群体中置信区间相互重叠的QTL之后,共得到3个品质性状的51个QTL,其中有15个在2年以上环境中被检测到。这些QTL分别分布在13个连锁群上,其中与油酸含量相关的18个,分布于A01、A02、A04、A05、A07、A09、C01连锁群,揭示3.44%～13.97%的表型变异;与亚油酸相关的12个,分布于A02、A06、A09、C01、C02连锁群,揭示3.84%～19.51%的表型变异;与亚麻酸相关的21个,分布于A01、A02、A03、A04、A05、A08、A09、C01、C02、C03、C06连锁群,揭示2.86%～11.91%的表型变异。这些结果将为油菜脂肪酸品质改良提供更多遗传信息。 相似文献
19.
茶树是中国重要的经济作物,自60年代以来,茶树育种一直是中国茶树研究工作的重点。为了给茶树育种工作提供新的种质资源,取得育种工作的突破性进展,国内外广泛开展了关于其多倍体育种的研究。笔者从多倍体的获得和鉴定方法两方面综述了茶树多倍体育种技术的研究进展,提出要加强多倍体诱导效率和新型诱导剂的研究,指出嵌合体是目前多倍体育种中普遍遇到的问题,茶树离体再生频率及遗传转化体系的构建,对于茶树嵌合体的分离及茶树多倍体离体诱导技术的建立具有重要意义。并分析了茶树多倍体研究的优点和未来发展前景。 相似文献
20.
Zero erucic acid germplasm of Ethiopian mustard is characterized by high levels of linolenic acid (about 21%). Two genetic sources of low linolenic acid (N2‐4961 and HF‐186, about 5%), have been developed in a high erucic acid background. The objectives of this research were to study the genetic relationship between the two low linolenic acid lines and to transfer the trait to zero erucic acid germplasm. F1 seed generations from crosses between both lines had higher average linolenic acid concentration than both parents. F2 seeds segregated for linolenic acid content following a continuous variation from 1.8 to 7.4%, exceeding the limits of the parental distribution ranges. Transgressive recombinants with very low linolenic acid concentration (0.7‐2.7%) were confirmed in the F3 seed generation. The results suggested that N2‐4961 and HF‐186 possess alleles for low linolenic acid at different loci. Transgressive low linolenic acid F3 plants were crossed with plants of a zero erucic acid line and a selection for zero erucic, low linolenic acid was conducted. As a result, a zero erucic acid F3:4 line containing 1.5 ± 0.7% linolenic acid was developed. 相似文献