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1.
Noémi Van Bogaert Guy Smagghe Martine Maes Mathias De Backer Kris De Jonghe 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2017,149(1):25-33
In Belgium pospiviroids are routinely detected in various hosts. The most frequently found pospiviroids are: Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd), Chrysanthemum stunt viroid (CSVd), Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd), Tomato apical stunt viroid (TASVd) and Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid (TCDVd). Apart from the high incidence of pospiviroids in latently-infected ornamentals, viroids have also been found in plants where they cause disease: PSTVd and TCDVd in tomatoes and CSVd in chrysanthemum. In order to gain more epidemiological data on these infections, this study has conducted phylogenetic analyses of Belgian isolates for each of these five pospiviroid species. PSTVd and CEVd-isolates show a clustering depending on host plant identity. This was not observed for TCDVd and TASVd. A very high degree of sequence similarity was noticeable for CSVd-isolates from various hosts. During the past decade, PSTVd and CSVd-infected mother plants have been systematically eradicated in Belgium after positive detection results, also when found in symptomless plants, leading to a decreased trend of these quarantine pests in the past few years. However, other non-quarantine pospiviroid species are still ubiquitously present in many ornamentals. Since these pospiviroids can be equally harmful to crops as the two quarantine pests PSTVd and CSVd, there is still a risk that transmission occurs from symptomless-infected ornamental plants to economically important crops in Belgium such as tomato, pepper and chrysanthemum. 相似文献
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Yosuke Matsushita Tomio Usugi Shinya Tsuda 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2011,130(4):441-447
In situ hybridization was used to analyze the distribution pattern of Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid (TCDVd) in floral organs of tomato plants. Following TCDVd invasion of floral organs, it became localized only in sepals
at an early developmental stage, then reached other floral organs at the flower opening stage, with the exception of part
of the placenta and ovules. When distribution of TCDVd was compared with that of Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd), TCDVd was not detected in the outer integument around the embryo sac even though PSTVd was able to invade there,
suggesting that such specific distribution might reflect the frequent occurrence of viroid disease on crops caused by PSTVd-seed
transmission. 相似文献
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Rudra P. Singh Andrea D. Dilworth 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2009,123(1):111-116
Two novel aspects of Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid (TCDVd) are reported, namely that TCDVd was detected in symptomless plants of Vinca minor, a trailing ground cover surviving at subzero temperatures (−12°C); and that TCDVd was seed-borne in tomato and detected
in high percentages in tomato seeds and seedlings. Soaking seeds in a low concentration of sodium hypochlorite did not eliminate
the viroid. The sequence analysis showed that the TCDVd isolate consists of 360 nucleotides and has sequence identity between
96% to 99% with isolates of TCDVd from other hosts. 相似文献
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Jasna Milanović Vesna Kajić Snježana Mihaljević 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2014,139(4):785-788
Viroids of the genus Pospiviroid are able to induce diseases in a wide range of host plants including important crop species. Although occasional disease outbreaks of Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) and closely related pospiviroids have been reported in potato and tomato, recent studies found an increase in number of latent infections in ornamental solanaceous species. In order to verify the presence of PSTVd and other pospiviroids in Croatia, a survey was conducted between 2009 and 2012. A total of 182 samples belonging to five ornamental species and two solanaceous crops were analyzed. Eight plants belonging to two different species (Solanum jasminodes and Lycianthes rantonnetii) were found infected by PSTVd and, in addition, one S. jasminoides plant infected by Tomato apical stunt viroid (TASVd). Viroid infection was confirmed by mechanical inoculation on tomato plants to observe symptom expression. Molecular characterization of the isolates was done and complete viroid sequences were submitted to the GenBank. This is the first evidence of the presence of PSTVd and TASVd and their variability in Croatia. 相似文献
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Shohei Matsuura Yosuke Matsushita Reiko Kozuka Sachiko Shimizu Shinya Tsuda 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2010,126(1):111-115
Quantitative PCR revealed that Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid (TCDVd) was present in substantial amounts in viroid-infected tomato flowers. Healthy tomato plants were arranged in two
different glasshouses, and plants were mechanically inoculated with TCDVd. Bumblebees (Bombus ignitus) were then introduced into the glasshouses to reveal whether the viroid was transmitted from infected source plants to neighbouring
healthy plants. TCDVd infection was found in neighbouring tomato plants more than 1 month after the introduction of the bees,
some of which expressed symptoms, in both glasshouses. Thus, bumblebees transmitted TCDVd from tomato to tomato by pollination
activities. 相似文献
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Taro Tsushima Sakiko Murakami Hirotsugu Ito Ying-Hong He Adkar Purushothama Charith Raj Teruo Sano 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2011,77(4):253-256
A new variant of Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) was detected for the first time from dahlia grown in Japan. The dahlia isolate of PSTVd formed a quasi-species and
a major sequence variant consisting of 361 nucleotides in length, including five substitutions, three insertions, and one
deletion, when compared to the intermediate strain from potato. In bioassays with the new isolate, Rutgers tomato developed
mild stunting and leaf curling. 相似文献
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Rudra P. Singh Andrea D. Dilworth Xiaoping Ao Mathuresh Singh Santosh Misra 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2010,127(1):63-72
Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid (TCDVd) manually inoculated to transgenic (cv.‘Desiree’) potato plants containing antimicrobial cationic peptides failed
to develop symptoms in above ground plant parts, but infected tubers were symptomatic. Plants from the infected tubers (second
generation plants) emerged as either severely stunted (bushy stunt isolate, BSI) or tall and symptomless. Molecular characterization
of BSI isolates showed TCDVd sequence variants 95 to 98% identical to TCDVd sequences from the database, while a viroid variant
identical to TCDVd type isolate (acc # AF162131) was cloned from symptomless plants. The TCDVd BSI variants had novel U165C,
GU177-178AA, and UCAC181-184CUUU nucleotide substitutions in the terminal right (TR) domain of the viroid molecule. The cloned viroid cDNAs of the BSI were infectious to experimental (cv. ‘Sheyenne’) tomato
plants causing stunted plants with profuse auxiliary shoots. Visual evaluation of the susceptibility of the BSI to 18 potato
and 21 tomato cultivars revealed severe symptoms in most cultivars of both species. The progeny variants accumulating in each
potato and tomato cultivar exhibited the same novel TR domain in most cultivars, with only a slight variation in a few. The severity of the stunting symptoms induced by TCDVd from
BSI isolates in both potato and tomato cultivars has not been noted previously with other TCDVd isolates and, as such, it
is proposed that this new isolate be recognized as a distinct genotype. Emergence of this type of sequence variant in commercial
fields or commercial tomato greenhouses could potentially cause relevant losses in both crops. 相似文献
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J. Th. J. Verhoeven L. Hüner M. Virscek Marn I. Mavric Plesko J. W. Roenhorst 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2010,128(4):417-421
Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) has been recently found in many solanaceous ornamental plant species. This study reports on the effectiveness of
mechanical transmission between Brugmansia suaveolens, Solanum jasminoides, potato and tomato. Inoculation with ‘infected’ plant sap diluted in water, rubbing with contaminated finger tips and cutting
with contaminated razor blades all resulted in transmission of PSTVd. Temperature, plant species and source of inoculum were
found to be critical factors. An average temperature of 15°C only resulted in a few infections, whereas transmission at 20
and 25°C was more successful. Tomatoes were more susceptible to PSTVd than B. suaveolens, S. jasminoides and potatoes. Furthermore, S. jasminoides was a better source of inoculum than B. suaveolens. No transmission was obtained after repeated addition of inocula to tomato roots. These results indicate that PSTVd can be
transmitted between plant species in practice by crop handling. 相似文献
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Nikon Vassilakos Oxana Kektsidou Maria Papaeythimiou Christina Varveri 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2012,134(4):859-864
Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) is an EPPO A2-listed quarantine pathogen and its detection in large scale surveys requires complex decision schemes. In this study, a simple and rapid application of direct-RT-PCR was evaluated together with dot blot hybridization for the detection of PSTVd in dormant potato tubers harvested from primary infected plants, as well as in tomato and solanaceous ornamental plants. In all infected dormant potato tubers tested, both direct-RT-PCR and dot blot hybridization detected two different PSTVd isolates, with direct-RT-PCR being ten times more sensitive than dot blot. Similarly, in infected tomato and Brugmansia spp., PSTVd was detected by direct-RT-PCR with higher sensitivity compared to that of dot blot hybridization. However, in Brugmansia spp., a ten-fold decrease of the typical working concentration of the sap was required for an unequivocal detection of the viroid by direct-RT-PCR. The potential to use direct-RT-PCR for routine PSTVd examination is discussed. 相似文献
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Takuya Shiraishi Kensaku Maejima Ken Komatsu Masayoshi Hashimoto Yukari Okano Yugo Kitazawa Yasuyuki Yamaji Shigetou Namba 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2013,79(3):214-216
A viroid was detected for the first time in symptomless petunia plants (Petunia spp.) and identified as Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid (TCDVd) based on an analysis of the complete genomic sequence. These petunia plants are a likely source of inoculum for tomato or potato plants because TCDVd induces severe symptoms on these plants. The genomic sequence of this petunia isolate from Japan shared 100 % identity with petunia isolates from the Netherlands and United Kingdom and a tomato isolate from Japan. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all petunia isolates and the tomato isolate from Japan formed a monophyletic clade. 相似文献
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S. L. van Brunschot J. Th. J. Verhoeven D. M. Persley A. D. W. Geering A. Drenth J. E. Thomas 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2014,139(1):1-7
In 2011, an outbreak of the quarantine-regulated pathogen Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) occurred in a commercial glasshouse-grown tomato crop in Queensland, Australia. Phylogenetic studies showed that the genotype of this isolate grouped in a cluster of PSTVd genotypes from tomato and Physalis peruviana, and exhibited an interesting mutation (U257→A) that has previously been linked to lethal symptom expression in tomato. Transmission studies showed that the viroid could be mechanically transmitted from crushed fruit sap, but not from undamaged fruits. A low rate of asymptomatic infection was determined for plants in the affected glasshouse, demonstrating the efficacy of using symptoms to detect PSTVd infections in tomato. No PSTVd infections were detected in solanaceous weeds located outside of the infected glasshouse, excluding them from playing a role in the viroid epidemiology. Monitoring and subsequent testing of new tomato crops grown in the facility demonstrated successful eradication of the pathogen. A trace-back analysis linked the outbreak of PSTVd to an infected imported tomato seed-lot, indicating that PSTVd is transmitted internationally through contaminated seed. 相似文献
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J. Th. J. Verhoeven M. Botermans E. T. M. Meekes J. W. Roenhorst 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2012,133(4):803-810
In the Netherlands a survey for pospiviroids was performed in ornamental plants from 2006 up to 2011. Tomato apical stunt viroid (TASVd) was the most frequently found pospiviroid, causing infections in Brugmansia sp., Cestrum sp., Lycianthes rantonnetii, Solanum jasminoides and Streptosolen jamesonii. In addition, five other pospiviroids were detected. In 2011 TASVd also was found in tomato plants in a single greenhouse. The genotype of this isolate was identical to the TASVd genotype found most frequently in ornamentals. This indicates that an ornamental species has been the source of inoculum for the tomato crop. 相似文献
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Composting to sanitize plant‐based waste infected with organisms of plant health importance 
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下载免费PDF全文 G. Kerins J. Blackburn T. Nixon M. Daly C. Conyers S. Pietravalle R. Noble C. M. Henry 《Plant pathology》2018,67(2):411-417
The potential for using the composting process to sanitize plant waste infected with one of three plant pathogens was investigated using bench‐scale composting equipment. Two of these pathogens, the potato wart disease fungus Synchytrium endobioticum and Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) are currently subject to European quarantine regulations. The third, Polymyxa betae, a parasite of sugar beet, is regulated in some European countries when in association with Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV), the causal organism of rhizomania disease of sugar beet. Survival of test organisms following various combinations of compost temperature, exposure time and moisture was determined using RNA‐based detection methodology and/or plant‐based bioassays. Mathematically definable relationships between compost treatment (temperature/time) and organism viability were identified for P. betae and S. endobioticum; these give some indication of the practicality of using composting for dealing with infected wastes. However, for PSTVd, the considerable variability in measured susceptibility of the viroid to the composting process meant that no such definable relationship could be determined and further work would be needed to extrapolate to practical situations. 相似文献
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Tomato plants infected with Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) had severe leaf curling and vein necrosis. The disease symptoms began to diminish during the late stages of infection, however, and almost healthy-looking leaves began to appear on the upper portion of the plants. PSTVd concentrations reached their highest levels in leaves with severe symptoms and decreased in upper leaves recovering from severe symptoms. PSTVd-specific short interfering RNAs (siRNAs), characteristic of RNA silencing, accumulated in all leaves in which PSTVd reached a detectable level, suggesting that recovery from severe disease was induced by RNA silencing via sequence-specific degradation of PSTVd. 相似文献
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Many weeds that are closely associated with horticultural activities are known as natural reservoirs of plant viruses. However, whether these weeds can also serve as hosts of pospiviroids is not well known. Pospiviroids are naked, non‐coding RNA pathogens that cause severe economic damage in many solanaceous crops. In this study, we examined the overall risk of pospiviroid spreading from weeds to economically important crops, by combining the results from previous inoculation studies with new results coming from a survey, a contact experiment and an inoculation experiment. A survey of commercial ornamental glasshouses revealed that ornamental plants mainly belonging to the Solanaceae harbour pospiviroids, in contrast to weed species sampled in the same places. No new weed hosts could be identified after testing weeds that grew in contact with Tomato apical stunt viroid (TASVd)‐infected plants of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and jasmine nightshade (Solanum jasminoides) in an experimental glasshouse. Finally, in mechanical inoculation experiments with TASVd, none of the six tested weed species were determined to be a host at 6 weeks after inoculation. Commonly occurring weed species therefore do not appear to play a significant role as reservoir hosts for pospiviroids. This does not rule out other potential weed hosts that have not yet been tested. Inoculation studies should include rigorous experimental protocols with a sufficient number of replicated as well as adequate positive controls. The information gained through this study may prove useful in future risk assessments for the pospiviroid group. 相似文献
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《EPPO Bulletin》2011,41(3):394-399