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1.
龙眼越冬期间冠层温度与大气温度关系的初步分析(英文) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
[Objective] The study aimed to provide supports for developing chilling and freezing injury monitoring and disaster damage assessment of longan(Dimocarpus Longan Lour.).[Method] Based on field observation data,the relationships between longan canopy temperature and air temperature under different weather types(sunny,cloudy to sunny,cloudy,rainy,radiation chilling injury and advection chilling injury)in 2007-2008 winter were analyzed.[Result] Diurnal variations of longan canopy temperature under sunny and radiation chilling injury weather conditions were most dramatic,followed with those under cloudy to sunny condition,while variations under cloudy,rainy and advection chilling injury conditions were mild.Diurnal variations of orchard air temperature were also closely related to weather types.By using linear and curvilinear regression methods,the relationship models between longan canopy temperature and observation station air temperature were established.The models for cloudy,rainy and advection chilling injury had better effects than those for sunny,cloudy to sunny and radiation chilling injury;the models for night were better than those for daytime and the whole day.[Conclusion] To some extent,applying the relationship models between longan canopy temperature and observation station air temperature could make up the shortcoming of meteorological data which were higher than the real values. 相似文献
2.
A Preliminary Analysis of the Relationship between Longan Canopy Temperature and Air Temperature during Overwintering Period 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
MENG Wen-jiao TAN Zong-kun LIU Chun-feng .Xingbin Fruit Bureau in Laibin City Guangxi Province Laibin .Guangxi Meteorological Disaster Mitigation Institute Nanning .Laibin Meteorological Bureau Guangxi Province Laibin 《（《农业科学与技术》）编辑部》2008,(4)
[Objective] The study aimed to provide supports for developing chilling and freezing injury monitoring and disaster damage assessment of longan(Dimocarpus Longan Lour.).[Method] Based on field observation data,the relationships between longan canopy temperature and air temperature under different weather types(sunny,cloudy to sunny,cloudy,rainy,radiation chilling injury and advection chilling injury)in 2007-2008 winter were analyzed.[Result] Diurnal variations of longan canopy temperature under sunny and radiation chilling injury weather conditions were most dramatic,followed with those under cloudy to sunny condition,while variations under cloudy,rainy and advection chilling injury conditions were mild.Diurnal variations of orchard air temperature were also closely related to weather types.By using linear and curvilinear regression methods,the relationship models between longan canopy temperature and observation station air temperature were established.The models for cloudy,rainy and advection chilling injury had better effects than those for sunny,cloudy to sunny and radiation chilling injury;the models for night were better than those for daytime and the whole day.[Conclusion] To some extent,applying the relationship models between longan canopy temperature and observation station air temperature could make up the shortcoming of meteorological data which were higher than the real values. 相似文献
3.
[Objective] The experiment aimed to study the effects of meteorological factors under different weather conditions on soil respiration. [Method] The path analysis was used to analyze meteorological factors which influenced soil respiration of wheat field under different weather condition and at jointing stage. [Result] In sunny day, the correlations between ground temperature at 5 cm, solar radiation, air relative humidity, air temperature and soil respiration were all at significant level while solar radiation and ground temperature at 5 cm were the major factors which influenced soil respiration. In cloudy day, solar radiation was a major factor which influenced soil respiration. [Conclusion] The soil respiration and surplus path coefficient in sunny day were all higher than these in cloudy day, which demonstrated that except influenced by ground temperature, air temperature, solar radiation and air relative humidity, the soil respiration was also influenced by other factors especially biological factor. 相似文献
4.
YAN Chuan DING Yan-feng LIU Zheng-hui WANG Qiang-sheng LI Gang-hua HE Ying WANG Shao-hua 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2008,7(6):678-685
Based on the experiment of measuring panicles and leaves, air temperature, and humidity above the canopy of rice cultivars after heading in 2005 and 2006, we investigated the temperature difference （TD） between the air and organs of rice plant and its relationship with spikelet fertility. The results showed that TDs between the air and organs of rice varied with air temperature, air humidity, and plant type. For similar air humidity, TDs were lower at the air temperature of 28.5℃ than at higher temperature of 35.5℃, whereas for the same air temperature, the TDs decreased as the air humidity increased. TDs were also affected by plant type of the cultivars. Erect panicle cultivars showed higher TDs than those with droopy panicles under similar climatic conditions, and cultivars with panicles above flag leaf （PAFL） had higher TDs than those with panicles below the flag leaf （PBFL）. Cultivars grown in a location with lower air humidity and higher temperature, such as Taoyuan, China, had higher spikelet fertility than those in higher humidity under the similar air temperature during the grain filling stage. This is partially attributed to the larger TDs under the lower humidity. Rowspacing and the ratio of basal-tillering to panicle-spikelet fertilizer showed a significant influence on TD and subsequently on spikelet fertility, suggesting the possibility of increasing spikelet fertility by agronomic management. 相似文献
5.
Research on Theories and Techniques of Irrigation for Safeguarding Seed Production of Two-Line Hybrid Rice 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
ZOU Jiang-shi LUE Chuan-gen YAO Ke-min HU Ning XIA Shi-jian 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2006,5(8):596-602
By inducing frequency, intensity and duration of lower temperature in the middle and last ten-day periods in August in the rice-growing areas of southern China, increasing temperature for safe seed production was defined as 2℃. During the sensitive period of fertility, characters of panicle height and canopy structure of TGMS rice, Pei＇ai64S, were measured. Results showed that temperature changes caused by irrigation in fields were below 40 cm of rice plant, and heating effect was significant at 20 cm when the temperature was increased by 3.1 ℃. For the present study, the following irrigation techniques were put forth： the water depth of 15-20 cm, current water used, irrigating after 17：00 and bailing at 10：00 in sunny or cloudy weather, irrigating on whole day, in shady or rainy weather, increasing inflows and outflows in large fields. In the present experiment, pollen fertility and self-fertilized seed setting rate accepted that the techniques were feasible and effective for against lower temperature and safeguarding seed production of two-line hybrid rice. 相似文献
6.
XU Sheng-chun LI Yong-ping HU Jin GUAN Ya-jing MA Wen-guang ZHENG Yun-ye ZHU Shui-jin 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2010,9(11):1594-1601
Chilling is one of the major abiotic stresses limiting yield and quality of many important crops. For better understanding of chilling stress responses in tobacco （Nicotiana tabacum）, growth rate and antioxidant enzymes of seedlings in 2 tobacco cultivars, viz., MSk326 （chilling sensitive variety） and Honghuadajinyuan （HHDJY, chilling tolerant variety） at chilling temperature （5℃） were studied. The results showed that the relative growth rate in chilling period to that in recovery period was significantly higher in roots than that in shoots for both cultivars, suggesting that shoots growth was more easily affected by chilling stress. Chilling stress increased peroxidase （POD） activity and reduced superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity in shoots of HHDJY, and catalase （CAT） activity was little affected. In the roots of HHDJY, chilling stress increased SOD and CAT activities, and had little effect on POD activity. For MSk326, chilling treatment increased SOD activity in shoots and declined CAT activity in roots. MDA concentration in both varieties was increased under the chilling stress, while it was decreased after seedlings were recovered growth for 4 d at normal temperature （25℃）. It showed that tobacco seedlings might have the capacity of recovering from chilling injury for a short term, The relationship between the growth rate and antioxidant enzyme activity was analyzed by stepwise regression. It was found that there was a close relationship between relative growth rate of tobacco seedlings and CAT activity under chilling stress condition and regression equations containing CAT could be used in predicting seedling growth rate of tobacco under chilling stress condition. 相似文献
7.
Napier grass, an important forage crop with potentials in multi-purpose applications, is widely grown throughout the tropics and subtropics. Low temperature severely limits its productivity and geographical distribution in temperate regions of the world. In this study, we investigated the effect of exogenous abscisic Acid(ABA) on chilling tolerance of napier grass(Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) seedlings. Seven-day-old napier grass seedlings were cultured in dd H_2O or ABA solution at different concentrations and exposed to 1 ℃ for different time durations. The chilling injury, membrane stability index(MSI) and proline content were estimated from leaf samples. The results showed that there was obvious morphological injury of leaf blighting and restrained growth for the seedlings under chilling stress, but this damage can be largely reduced(by 2/3) when the seedlings were treated by 100 μmol/L ABA in the culture solution, and that the application of exogenous ABA can help to maintain a good stability of leaf cell membrane as expressed by a high MSI value and a low level of proline in leaf cells. These results suggested that exogenous ABA can significantly alleviate chilling injury in napier grass seedlings by maintaining the stability of leaf cell membrane during chilling stress, and that the chilling tolerance was not ensured by a proline accumulation although a passive accumulation of proline was observed in the seedlings under chilling stress. Our results lay a preliminary foundation for future investigations on the molecular mechanisms of ABA induced chilling or freezing tolerance in napier grass. 相似文献
8.
Low temperature wheat genotypes are a group of wheat with a slightly low canopy （plant） temperature, and the research on their biological characters and utilization in wheat breeding has been done at home and abroad for more than 20 years, and has made great progress. The research contents and advances include the following respects： Wheat genotypes with slightly low canopy temperature have been verified to exist in nature; these wheat genotypes, which present cold temperature, are superior to conventional wheat materials in some important biological characters and particularly prominently in metabolic function and cellular structure; when they suffer stresses such as drought, high temperature and overcast and rainy weather, they still retain their superiority in some of their important biological characters and therefore have a wide range of ecological adaptability; slightly low canopy temperatures of these genotypes are closely correlated with low temperatures of their second heat sources and their vigorous plants; since their low canopy temperatures can be inherited, they can exert favorable influence on the temperatures of their offspring while crossing with other wheat materials, and in particular, the discovery of cold-source wheat as a contributor to low temperature, has further formed good conditions for breeding high and stable quality low temperature wheat varieties with a high and stable yield. Thus, low temperature wheat genotypes are of great research importance and have great prospects. 相似文献
9.
Harvested tomato( Lycopersicum esculentum Mill)and cucumber (Cucumis Sativus L. )were immersed in 0, 0.01 g/L, 0.05 g/L, 0.1 g/L or 0 g/L, 0.001 g/L, 0.01 g/L, 0.05 g/L, 0.1 g/L salicylic acid solutions for 15 min, respectively. Some of physiological parameters of the fruits related to chilling injury were measured during cold storage (2℃±1℃). It showed that the cell membrane electrolyte leakage, MDA content and free proline content in tomato with 0.01 g/L and 0.1 g/L SA were lower than those of control to a various extent. The immersion in 0. 001 g/L SA could significantly decrease the cell membrane electrolyte leakage and MDA content of cucumber stored at chilling injury temperature as well as decrease free proline content to some extent. 相似文献
10.
Heating “Zhihua“ mangoes (Mangifera indica L. cv. Zhihua) in hot air at 38℃ for 12hours significantly reduced the development of chilling injury following storage for 12days at 2℃. Prolonging the heating up to 72hours acquired similar results. During the 12 days‘ storage at 2℃ following heating for 72hours, the membrane leakage of the mango peels showed little change, while it increased with time for the control fruits, and the endogenous ABA levels in the heated fruits were higher than that in the control. These results indicated that higher ABA rates were linked with stronger chilling tolerance in mangoes. 相似文献
11.
[目的]为开展龙眼寒害冻害监测及灾损评估提供依据。[方法]基于野外实测数据,按晴天、多云到晴、阴天、雨天及辐射寒害、平流寒害(湿冷)等天气类型,分析2007~2008年度冬季龙眼冠层温度与大气温度的变化关系。[结果]晴天和辐射寒害天气下龙眼冠层温度昼夜变化最为剧烈,多云到晴天气次之,阴天、雨天和平流寒害天气下变化相对平缓;果园大气温度昼夜变化同样与天气类型有关。按天气类型建立的观测站大气温度与冠层温度之间的线性、曲线回归关系模型表明,阴天、雨天和平流寒害天气模型效果好于多云到晴、晴天及辐射寒害天气,夜间模型效果好于全天和白天。[结论]该研究建立的关系模型可在一定程度上弥补观测站温度偏高的不足。 相似文献
12.
13.
[目的]研究不同天气条件下不同结构类型日光温室的温度变化规律。[方法]建立2个不同结构的日光温室,在典型的阴晴天观测并记录室外天气情况和室内温度变化。[结果]晴天时,1号温室比2号温室升降温快,17:00后1号温室a点温度比2号温室低;2号温室的升温时间更长;11:00～17:00,1号温室c点温度比2号温室低,其他时间2个温室温度较接近;11:00～16:00,1号温室d点升温较快,其最高温度比2号温室高3.0℃。阴天时,整天内2个温室的温度均呈波动下降趋势;23:00,1号温室a、b点的温度分别降至10.5和7.8℃,2号温室的分别降至8.2和10.5℃;1号温室c点温度一直比2号温室低;1号温室d点温度变化较为平缓。[结论]2号温室的保温效果较好,温度变化较平缓,应作为山东省的重点推广温室类型。 相似文献
14.
不同天气条件下温室番茄栽培环境因子的变化特征研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
[目的]研究南疆干旱气候区春季沙尘频发期,不同天气条件下温室内番茄栽培环境因子变化特征,为合理调控戈壁温室内环境因子,指导温室番茄生产提供依据.[方法]采用无线远程环境监控系统监测典型的晴天、多云和沙尘天气温室内温度、湿度、光照、土壤温度的日变化,对温室内环境因子变化特征进行分析.[结果]温度和光照强度日变化在晴天呈明显的“双波峰型”曲线,多云、沙尘天气则呈“单波峰型”,三种天气条件下气温、土壤温度变化均能达到番茄生长发育的适宜温度范围.晴天、多云天气光照强度完全达到番茄生长发育光强的需求,沙尘天气对温室内光强影响较大,日最高光强为29.3 Klx.晴天天气湿度早晚下降的幅度远比沙尘、多云天气小,其变化范围在26.2;～61.1;,沙尘天气湿度下降相对滞后.[结论]南疆早春茬沙尘频发期气温、土壤温度变化均能满足番茄生长发育的适宜温度.沙尘天气通风应使降湿与保温互相兼顾,及时清除棚膜上的尘土,改善温室内光照条件.晴天及时通风降温降湿. 相似文献
15.
气象因子对麦田土壤呼吸速率影响的通径分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
1材料与方法
试验于2008年3月20—31日（冬小麦拔节期）在南京信息工程大学农业气象与生态试验站的小麦田中进行。其中3月27日天空中云量〈10％,3月30日天空中云量〉80％,选择它们作为典型晴天和阴天的代表,对测定数据进行分析。土壤呼吸速率采用美国LI—COR公司生产的Li-8100土壤碳通量测定系统测定,从7：00—18：00每小时测定1次,每次测定重复3次。 相似文献
16.
为了探讨冬春季日光温室内气温的变化规律,合理调控日光温室气温,提高作物产量与品质,利用浙江省慈溪市气象局设施农业基地的标准塑料日光温室内外气温对比观测试验数据,对不同天气类型下温室内外气温变化规律进行分析。结果表明：（1）慈溪地区日光温室室内日平均气温均高于室外,温室内外气温总体变化趋势一致,温室内外气温差的日变化主要受太阳辐射影响;（2）室内气温不同天气类型日变化均呈“单峰”型,白天气温变化速度总体表现为：晴天＞多云＞阴天＞雨天,夜间各天气类型气温变化均较平稳;（3）不同天气类型下室内外气温的关系显著,两者相关性表现为：雨天>阴天>多云>晴天。 相似文献
17.
气象因子对麦田土壤呼吸速率影响的通径分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
[目的]研究不同天气条件下气象因子对土壤呼吸速率的影响。[方法]对拔节期麦田不同天气条件下影响土壤呼吸速率的气象因子进行通径分析。[结果]在晴天,5cm地温、太阳辐射、空气相对温度和空气温度与土壤呼吸速率的相关性均达到极显著水平,太阳辐射和5cm地温是影响土壤呼吸速率的主要气象因子;在阴天,太阳辐射是影响土壤呼吸速率的主要气象因子。[结论]晴天的土壤呼吸速率及剩余通径系数均高于阴天,说明土壤呼吸速率除了受地温、气温、太阳辐射和空气相对湿度影响外,还受其他因素尤其是生物因素的影响。 相似文献
18.
华北平原主要造林树种107杨扦插苗夏季茎流及耗水特性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用以热平衡为原理的Dynamax包裹式茎流测量系统,于2008年夏季对107杨Populus × euramericana ‘74/76’扦插苗的液流变化进行连续监测,利用实验区自动气象站同步检测光合有效辐射、气温和相对湿度等气象因子,结合人工记录的天气状况,分别选取3种最典型的天气条件,分析了107杨扦插苗的茎流变化、茎干耗水量及其与气象因子的关系。结果表明：在不同天气条件下,液流日变化波动曲线及其主要影响因子各异,但光合有效辐射始终是液流变化的主导因子。茎干液流通量密度的变化是各种气象因子综合作用的结果。107杨扦插苗日耗水量的总体变化趋势是从晴天、阴天到雨天依次减少,其平均值分别为1 064.126,567.975和405.914 g·d-1。图3表3参27 相似文献