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粘孢子虫是变温动物体内常见的原生动物类寄生虫 ,除少数种类寄生在两栖动物、爬行动物、环节动物和昆虫外 ,其寄主范围基本上是鱼类 ,可以说粘孢子虫是鱼类所特有的一类寄生虫 ,并给渔业生产造成极大的危害。自从 1 82 5年Ｊｕ ｒｉｎｅ首次发现粘孢子虫所引起的鱼病以来 ,粘孢子虫及其所引发病害的研究已走过了 1 70多年的历程 ,取得了丰硕的研究成果 ,尤其是在分类学、生活史和免疫学方面。在分类上 ,国内以陈启鎏等的专著《中国动物志粘体门粘孢子纲 (淡水 )》[1] 为标志而达到系统化阶段 ;在生活史和免疫学方面 ,国外应用分子生物学手… 相似文献
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沈阳市于洪区鱼场粘孢子虫、烂鳃并发症的发生、防治初探李长华，蒋吉生，边佩华，董杰（沈阳市水产科学研究所）沈阳市于洪区鱼种场是全国集约化养鲤高产典型。自１９８５年在沈阳市率先集约化养鲤以来，鱼病频繁发生。特别是１９９５年７月近１０Ｄ成鱼池暴发了粘孢子虫... 相似文献
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我国淡水鱼孢子虫病主要有球虫、粘孢子虫、微孢子虫及单孢子虫四大类。其中以球虫、粘孢子虫种类繁多，鱼病流行范围广，危害严重。笔者1997～2004年对广西青狮潭水库灌区鱼苗场鲤鱼出现的肤孢虫病进行了8年的跟综调查研究。 相似文献
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胺硫基烷复合剂治疗鲫鱼粘孢子虫病的组织病理学研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
粘孢子虫是鱼类体内外常见的寄生性原生动物，因孢子有坚硬的外壳，不易为药物杀伤，此类鱼病难以取得较好的疗效。作者通过多年试验，采用胺硫基烷复合剂，取得了８０％以上的治愈率。本研究对患病鲫鱼的体表，鳃，味蕾，肝脏等进行组织病理学观察，并作治疗前后的对比，证明该药物具有特效，为鱼类的粘孢子虫病防治找到了一种新药。 相似文献
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1987～1990年对辽宁省鱼病调查结果表明,主养鲤、鲫塘粘孢子虫病呈上升趋势。为此于1996～2000年在沈阳和辽阳两市部分主养鲤、鲫池塘进行了防治试验。试验采取室内外相结合的方法,对粘孢子虫病的种类、寄生部位和药物及剂量进行了对比试验。结果表明,泼洒0.3×10-6～0.4×10-6敌敌畏乳剂(80%),同时投喂孢子散或0.2‰～0.3‰的敌敌畏药饵3～5d,并适当更换池水,可有效地防治鲤鲫体内外的粘孢子虫病。 相似文献
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Status of galaxiid fishes in Tasmania,Australia: conservation listings,threats and management issues
Scott A. Hardie Jean E. Jackson Leon A. Barmuta Robert W.G. White 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2006,16(3):235-250
- 1. Fish of the family Galaxiidae are restricted to the southern hemisphere where they occupy a diverse array of habitats ranging from over 2000 m in elevation to sea level. Some species are diadromous and, hence, freshwater, estuarine and marine habitats are used during their life‐cycle; other species complete their entire life‐cycles in freshwater environments.
- 2. Tasmania has a diverse galaxiid fauna that accounts for 64% of native freshwater fish species found on the island. The Tasmanian galaxiid fauna is characterized by high species richness (5 genera and 16 species), endemism (11 species), restricted distributions, and non‐diadromous life histories (11 species).
- 3. The galaxiid fauna of Tasmania has significant conservation status with 69% of species considered ‘threatened’. The conservation status of the fauna is recognized at State, national and international levels.
- 4. The key threats to galaxiids in Tasmania are exotic species, hydrological manipulations, restricted distributions, general habitat degradation and exploitation of stocks.
- 5. Although work has recently been undertaken to conserve and manage Tasmanian galaxiid populations, the fauna is still thought to be imperilled. Knowledge gaps that need to be addressed include the biology and ecology of most species (e.g. reproductive biology, life histories, habitat use and requirements) and impacts of habitat manipulations, as well as mechanisms and impacts of interactions with exotic species. Techniques to monitor accurately the status of galaxiid species and their populations need to be developed and the coexistence of some galaxiids with introduced salmonids should also be examined.
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The Brokopondo reservoir is situated in north-east Surinam and has a surface area of 150,000 ha. The dam was completed in 1964 for providing hydroelectric power. During the filling stage of the reservoir. 1964–1967, the composition of the fish fauna was studied. From 1967 to the present, no fishery research has been carried out in the reservoir. The aim of a mission, which was conducted in December 1978, was to obtain fundamental information on the fishery potential and fish fauna. Thirty-seven species have been collected with various fishing techniques; of these the characid Serrasalmus rhambeus (Linnaeus, 1766) and the cichlid Cichla ocellaris Block & Schneider, 1801 are possibly exploitable. The potential yeild of the reservoir is estimated at 3500 tonne yr-1. Gill nets with large mesh sizes proved to give the best results of the different fishery techniques tried. A comparison of the recent ichthyofauna with the fish species composition during 1966–1967 is provided and discussed. 相似文献
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西藏水资源丰富,鱼类进化与青藏高原隆起、自然环境隔离演变息息相关,与鱼类和水环境密切相关的鱼类寄生虫区系也逐渐引起关注和重视。初步的研究显示,尽管西藏鱼类种类单一,但鱼类消化道寄生蠕虫种类较多,显示较高的多样性,而且发现了一些裂腹鱼特有的复殖吸虫和棘头虫种类,以及一些以鸟类为终末宿主的线虫和绦虫种类。西藏特有的放生习俗和候鸟迁徙现象,水电工程兴建和水体污染现状,以及土著鱼类资源量下降和青藏高原气候变化等因素,都有可能影响西藏鱼类寄生虫区系的组成与演变。寄生虫区系调查可为该地区鱼类寄生虫的种类、分布和数量提供详细的数据,进而了解寄生虫的形成与演变过程,弄清环境与寄生虫多样性的关系,为西藏渔业资源的开发与利用提供科学依据。本文对上述问题进行了总结和论述。 相似文献
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- 1. Tropical, high islands of the Pacific have developed unique freshwater fish faunas that are currently threatened by a range of human activities. This paper documents distinct differences in life history strategies from fish communities found in streams of Fiji compared with fish assemblages in freshwater systems on larger continental land masses. While river systems of northern Australia and Papua New Guinea have a high proportion of freshwater residents, the Fiji fauna is dominated by amphidromous gobiids that migrate across a broad range of habitats throughout their life cycle.
- 2. The number of amphidromous fish species and the number of all fish species in mid‐reaches of Fiji rivers are significantly affected by loss of catchment forest cover and introductions of tilapia (Oreochromis spp.). On average, stream networks with established Oreochromis spp. populations have 11 fewer species of native fish than do intact systems. The fish that disappear are mostly eleotrid and gobiid taxa, which have important dietary and economic value.
- 3. Based on the strong links between catchment land clearing, non‐native species introductions and loss of migratory pathways for freshwater fish, spatial information was compiled on a national scale to identify priority areas for conservation in Fiji with intact connectivity between forests, hydrologic networks and coral reefs. Areas with high connectivity included remote, largely undeveloped regions of Vanua Levu (Kubulau, Wainunu, Dama, Udu Point, Natewa, Qelewara) and Taveuni, as well as smaller mapping units (Naikorokoro, Sawakasa) of Viti Levu with low density of roads and high relative amounts of mangroves and reefs.
- 4. These priority areas for conservation can only be effectively protected and managed through cross‐sectoral collaboration and ecosystem‐based approaches. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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The Ryukyu Archipelago has a diverse fish fauna, but there have been no comprehensive studies of the larval fish fauna of its coastal habitats. The present study therefore investigated the species composition of larval fish communities on the sandy beach of Sedake and in the estuary of Teima Stream at Oh-ura Bay on Okinawa Island. In total, 12,067 individuals comprising 131 or more species that belong to 114 genera and 48 families were collected at night using a small seine net from January to December 1999. The suborder Gobioidei was the dominant taxon in this collection (86 %) and comprised 53 or more species. Most gobioids were postflexion larvae of amphidromous and estuarine species, at the stage just before they recruited to their adult habitats. Body lengths showed little variance within species. This suggests that they do not spend most of their pelagic larval lives in the estuary and on the sandy beach. These environments appear to be the route by which pelagic larvae move to their adult habitats. However, Rhinogobius and Tridentiger postflexion larvae displayed greater variance in body length and development, suggesting that they stay near the shoreline throughout this larval period. 相似文献
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D. Coates 《Aquaculture Research》1984,15(3):81-96
This paper reports on a fundamental study of the fish fauna already present within the irrigation canals. The fauna was investigated with a view to determining its use in the control of nuisance biota. Twenty-seven species of fish were collected, comprising 22 genera and 12 families. This fauna is closely allied to the fauna of the source water, the Blue Nile. Several Blue Nile species are absent and some of those collected are new recordings for the area. Each species of fish collected had neither a suitable feeding habit nor a wide enough distribution to have any significant effect on the levels of nuisance biota. This includes the mosquito fish. Gambusia affinis, which was specifically introduced for mosquito control. Improvement in the ecological conditions within the canals involves both the management of the already-existing fish stocks and the introduction and management of additional species. A reduction in the levels of aquatic weeds using phytophagous fishes should be a high priority with malacopliagous and larvivorous species also being introduced and their stocks managed. Species suitable for introduction, which are generally endemic to the Nile system, are suggested. The fish species diversity falls as the canals become smaller and the water within them subject to much greater variations in flow and quality. The lowest order canals (field canals) are probably unsuitable for permanent fish stocks. The nuisance biota within field canals can be controlled by simple improvements in crop-watering procedures. The widely distributed and diverse fauna found within minor canals suggests that problems due to fish-kills brought about by heavy pesticide and herbicide usage are not so severe as previously thought. The management of the ecological problems is a complex task due to the interrelationships of many factors. 相似文献
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P. D. KIRMSE 《Journal of fish diseases》1978,1(4):337-342
Abstract. A new species of pathogenic haemogregarine is described from farmed turbot ( Scophthalmus maximus L.) as Hamogregarina sachai and its life cycle is demonstrated in its final host. An intralexicocytic schizogony followed by an intraerythrocytic schizogony was observed. This appears to be only the second time that a complete life cycle in the vertebrate host has been described for a marine fish haemogregarine. 相似文献
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Studies on the proposed role of Tubifex tubifex (Muller) as an intermediate host in the life cycle of Myxosoma cerebralis (Hofer, 1903) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Abstract. In a recently proposed hypothesis for the transmission of Myxosoma cerebralis , the causative agent of salmonid whirling disease, it was suggested that there was a developmental cycle in tubificid worms culminating in actinosporean spores, which were infective to the fish. Results are presented here which do not support the actinosporean involvement in the life cycle. On addition of M. cerebralis spores to Tubifex tubifex colonized in sterilized medium, no significant change in the prevalence of Triactinomyxon dubium (i.e. T. gyrosalmo ) was found. Although it is shown that these worms are capable of ingesting M. cerebralis spores, neither hatching of the spores nor further development within the worm has been observed. Field observations on the distribution of actinosporean species show no obvious correlation between the occurrence of T. dubium and M. cerebralis . 相似文献
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Ana Rita Dias Amílcar Teixeira Manuel Lopes‐Lima Simone Varandas Ronaldo Sousa 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2020,30(5):988-999
- Coextinction is the simplest form of secondary extinction and freshwater mussels (Bivalvia, Unionida) may be particularly prone to this phenomenon as their life cycle includes an obligatory parasitic larval stage on fish hosts.
- The main aims of this study were to determine the possible ecological fish hosts of Anodonta anatina (Linnaeus, 1758) in several rivers of the Douro basin in northern Portugal and to assess possible spatial and temporal differences in glochidial (larval) loads. In order to achieve this, electrofishing was conducted from December to April, the fish fauna was characterized, and levels of infestation with A. anatina glochidia were determined.
- Native cyprinid species, mainly Luciobarbus bocagei (Iberian barbel) and Squalius carolitertii (northern Iberian chub), together with the non‐native Lepomis gibbosus (pumpkinseed sunfish) and Alburnus alburnus (common bleak), were found to have the highest glochidial loads. Clear differences in infestation between rivers and throughout time were detected, with an infestation period from January to March, and with the Tâmega River having the highest prevalence.
- Anodonta anatina is able to infest a variety of fish species, and this together with earlier studies showed that the metamorphosis into juveniles occurs mainly in native cyprinid species, although non‐native species like common bleak can also be considered suitable hosts. However, the larvae infesting other non‐native species, such as the pumpkinseed sunfish, do not metamorphose and can be considered ‘dead ends’.
- Overall, the results reported here are important for the conservation of A. anatina (and other unionoid species) because several Iberian rivers (and worldwide) have been subjected to the extirpation of native fish species and the introduction of non‐native fish species. Therefore, careful assessments of fish communities should be conducted to assess possible negative interactions with freshwater mussels.