共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 500 毫秒
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围产期奶牛由于干物质摄入不足与能量输出增加,产生能量负平衡,导致机体代谢紊乱,引发营养代谢性疾病,阻碍奶牛养殖业的健康发展。胰岛素对肝脏、骨骼肌、脂肪等组织的稳定代谢具有重要调控作用,体内胰岛素通路功能的正常可保证围产期奶牛处于健康状态,降低营养代谢性疾病发生率。通过提高围产期奶牛能量代谢,改善氧化应激及胰岛素相关关键通路和激酶等方式可有效提高胰岛素敏感性,维持葡萄糖和脂质代谢稳态,提高健康状况和生产性能。本文阐述了胰岛素通路调控各组织代谢的作用机制、胰岛素抵抗的发生及对围产期奶牛糖代谢、脂代谢、健康状况和生产性能的影响,并揭示相应的调控措施,为预防围产期奶牛营养代谢性疾病提供理论参考依据。 相似文献
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肝脏中脂肪酸代谢平衡的破坏是肝脂肪变性的主要原因,胰岛素和葡萄糖都能独立调控肝脏中脂肪酸的生成,在这些调控中起重要作用的转录因子如SR EBP-1,C hR EBP,PPAR等与肝脂肪变性的发生有紧密联系。 相似文献
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骨骼肌作为脊椎动物机体的重要组织,其胚胎期发育起始于生皮肌节的肌源性祖细胞增殖、分化成的成肌细胞,进一步发育形成肌管,最终形成肌纤维。整个发育过程受到复杂严密的调控,任何调控异常都可能影响骨骼肌正常的发育过程。近年来研究表明,除了生肌调控因子、肌细胞增强因子、配对盒因子外,非编码RNA包括微小RNA（microRNA,miRNA）、长链非编码RNA（long noncoding RNA,lncRNA）和环形RNA（circular RNA,circRNA）都可作为重要的调节因子广泛参与调控骨骼肌发育过程。其中miRNA主要作用于靶mRNA,通过诱发靶mRNA的去稳定性和/或抑制翻译,在转录后水平调控相关基因表达;lncRNA长度较长,具有高级结构,可以在转录前和转录后水平,通过多种作用方式调控相关基因表达;circRNA主要作为miRNA "海绵",竞争性结合miRNA,进而参与骨骼肌发育调控网络。作者将从骨骼肌发育、miRNA作用机制、miRNA与骨骼肌发育、lncRNA作用机制、lncRNA与骨骼肌发育、circRNA作用机制、circRNA与骨骼肌发育7个方面进行综述,以期为研究非编码RNA调控骨骼肌发育提供参考。 相似文献
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转录因子MondoA是细胞内葡萄糖代谢的关键调控因子,与Max-like蛋白x(Mlx)形成异源二聚体调控糖酵解相关基因的表达,介导细胞代谢反应,从而维持胞内外葡萄糖稳态。由于人类代谢性疾病和癌症通常伴随着葡萄糖代谢紊乱,因此更好地理解细胞的葡萄糖感应及代谢机制,将为治疗代谢性疾病和癌症提供新的方向。论文综述了细胞中MondoA的分子特征、葡萄糖对MondoA的激活、MondoA对糖代谢的调控及其与癌症的关系,并讨论了可能的研究方向,为细胞代谢机制的研究和代谢性疾病的治疗提供参考。 相似文献
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目前发现的与肝脏脂质代谢相关的转录因子主要包括过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPARs)、肝X受体(LXRs)和固醇调节元件结合蛋白(SREBPs)。这些转录因子通过对脂类代谢基因的调节,从而在维持机体的脂代谢平衡中起着重要作用。随着对转录因子的深入研究,以其为作用靶点的药物相继被开发出来,广泛应用于肥胖、高血脂、糖尿病等脂代谢障碍性疾病的防治,并表现出良好的临床效果和应用前景。论文通过综述肝脏脂质代谢关键转录因子的调控靶基因、调控机制和临床应用,旨在促进肝脏脂质代谢关键转录因子的进一步研究,以及临床新药的开发与应用。 相似文献
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猪胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ基因表达与调控的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ(Ⅰ nsulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ,I GF-Ⅰ)是机体生长、发育和代谢的一个重要调控因子,同时也是生长激素(growth hormone,GH)启动生长活性的主要介导者.血液中的I GF-Ⅰ主要来源于肝脏,以内分泌的形式作用于其他组织;许多肝外组织也能合成I GF-Ⅰ,其主要以自分泌或旁分泌的形式发挥作用.多种因素调控其表达.本文就猪I GF-Ⅰ的表达与调控方面的最新研究进展进行一综述. 相似文献
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传统观点认为,脂肪酸的主要作用是给细胞供能。最近研究显示,脂肪酸对细胞的生长发育和代谢都有调控作用。骨骼肌作为脂肪酸代谢的重要场所,是脂肪酸发挥调控作用的主要靶标。棕榈酸与骨骼肌胰岛素抵抗（IR）密切相关;油酸通过过氧化物酶体增殖体活化受体促进脂肪酸的氧化和甘油三酯的合成;亚麻酸可通过促进葡萄糖的利用,缓解骨骼肌的胰岛素抵抗;共轭亚油酸（CLA）通过多条信号通路影响骨骼肌的代谢活动;二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）和花生四烯酸（ARA）能显著改变骨骼肌肌球蛋白重链的基因表达;二十碳五烯酸（EPA）对骨骼肌的糖代谢、线粒体活动和Apelin系统都有一定影响。作者通过对不同脂肪酸对骨骼肌的调控作用进行探讨,试图揭示不同脂肪酸的差异化调控机制,从而为开发脂肪酸产品提供一定的理论依据。 相似文献
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糖尿病是一种由于胰岛素分泌绝对或相对不足而导致的以高血糖为特征的全球性疾病。近年来随着基因重组和基因转移技术的迅速发展,基因研究成为研究糖尿病发病机理的一条新途径。用质粒PGL3-Basic作为载体,将胰岛素2启动子(insulinⅡpromoter)插入其中,构建带有荧光素酶报告基因的质粒,转染入胰岛β细胞MIN6中进行葡萄糖诱导试验,以利用双荧光素酶报告基因系统检测胰岛素分泌情况。结果表明,葡萄糖浓度依赖性的诱导胰岛素报告基因的表达。该灵敏的胰岛素报告基因载体的成功构建,为研究胰岛素的分泌提供了一个有力的工具,有利于糖尿病等疾病的研究和治疗。 相似文献
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Absorption kinetics of regular, isophane (NPH), and protamine zinc (PZI) insulin were evaluated in seven clinically normal domestic shorthair cats by measurement of serial serum concentrations of insulin after subcutaneous administration of each insulin preparation. These results were compared to measurements of serial serum insulin concentrations after similar dosages of regular insulin were administered intravenously. Regular insulin administered subcutaneously was better absorbed than NPH and PZI insulins (mean bioavailability index 45.4% vs. 33.0% for NPH and 27.3% for PZI), and resulted in a significantly greater maximal increase in mean circulating insulin concentrations above baseline values (3529 pM vs. 1044 pM for NPH and 344 pM for PZI, P<0.05). The mean time interval between insulin administration and time to reach peak concentrations was significantly shorter for regular insulin than for NPH or PZI insulin (0.5 hr vs. 1.6 hr for NPH and 4.1 hr for PZI, P<0.05). There was also a significant difference (P<0.05) in the mean time interval between insulin injection and return of serum insulin concentrations to baseline values between regular insulin (5.6 hr) and NPH (7.7 hr) or PZI (13.1 hr) insulins. When compared with PZI, NPH insulin showed a significantly (P<0.05) greater maximal increase in mean serum insulin concentrations over baseline values. In addition, the interval between insulin administration and time to reach peak concentrations, as well as the time between insulin injection and return of serum insulin concentrations to baseline values, were also significantly shorter with NPH insulin than with PZI. These results suggest that NPH and PZI insulins administered subcutaneously to cats may require a short time to reach peak serum insulin concentrations as well as a relatively short time for circulating insulin concentrations to return to baseline values. If the absorption kinetics are similar to that in this study, most cats with diabetes mellitus would need twice daily injection of NPH or PZI insulin to adequately control the diabetic state. 相似文献
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Tebot I Bonnet JM Paquet C Ayoub JY Da Silva SM Louzier V Cirio A 《Journal of animal science》2012,90(4):1192-1200
To test the effect of insulin on renal perfusion and the participation of NO and PG as mediators of this response, renal blood flow (RBF) was measured in sheep (n = 8) implanted with ultrasonic flow probes around renal arteries and with a systemic arterial pressure (SAP, n = 4) telemetry device. Three protocols were performed: 1) RBF and SAP were recorded (0800 to 1800 h) in fed and fasted sheep, with the latter receiving intravenous (i.v.) infusions (0.5 mL/min) of insulin at 2 or 6 mU/(kg·min); 2) fasted sheep received i.v. infusions of either an inhibitor of NO synthesis (N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, L-NAME) alone [0.22 mg/(kg·min), 1000 to 1200 h] or L-NAME (1000 to 1200 h) + insulin during the second hour (6 mU/(kg·min), 1100 to 1200 h); and 3) the same protocol was followed as in protocol 2, substituting L-NAME with ketoprofen [0.2 mg/(kg·min)], a cyclooxygenase inhibitor. In all protocols, plasma insulin and glucose were determined. During insulin administration, euglycemia was maintained and hypokalemia was prevented by infusing glucose and KCl solutions. After the onset of meals, a long-lasting 18% increase in RBF and a 48% insulin increase were observed (P < 0.05), without changes in SAP. Low- and high-dose insulin infusions increased RBF by 19 and 40%, respectively (P < 0.05). As after meals, the increases in RBF lasted longer than the insulin increase (P < 0.05). The L-NAME infusion decreased RBF by 15% (P < 0.05); when insulin was added, RBF increased to preinfusion values. Ketoprofen decreased RBF by 9% (P < 0.05); when insulin was added, RBF increased to 13% above preinfusion values (P < 0.05). In no case was a modification in SAP or glucose noted during the RBF changes. In conclusion, insulin infusion mimics the meal-dependent increase in RBF, independent of SAP, and lasts longer than the blood insulin plateau. The RBF increase induced by insulin was only partially prevented by L-NAME. Ketoprofen failed to prevent the insulin-dependent RBF increase. Both facts suggested that complementary vasodilatatory agents accounted for the insulin effect on sheep renal hemodynamics. 相似文献
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Insulin binding characteristics of canine erythrocyte insulin receptors were studied before and after a 72-hour fast, and one and three days following glucocorticoid (dexamethasone) administration. The 72-hour fast tended to increase maximum insulin binding, but no significant differences were found. The administration of dexamethasone resulted in an increased maximum binding of insulin to its receptors which, at day 1, was due to an increase in receptor concentration, and at day 3, to an increased insulin binding affinity of the receptor. These data suggest that the erythrocyte insulin receptor may be useful in clinical and experimental studies in the dog. 相似文献
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To assess the potential of an intravenous calcium-stimulation test (CST) as an indicator of insulin secretion in cats, indices calculated from CST results were compared with indices of insulin secretion derived from an intravenous glucose tolerance test (ivGTT) and hyperglycaemic glucose clamp (HGC) in 11 healthy, normal glucose tolerant, conscious cats. Intravenous administration of 2.5mg/kg Ca(2+) resulted in a significant increase in plasma free Ca(2+) (P<0.001) and plasma insulin (P=0.047) concentrations but did not affect the plasma glucose concentration. The indices of insulin secretion based on the CST did not correlate significantly with corresponding indices based on the ivGTT and HGC. In conclusion, the CST is not a useful test for assessing insulin secretion in cats. Other indices of insulin secretion, such as fasting insulin concentrations and the homeostasis model assessment of beta-cell function (HOMA-B), are easier to obtain and correlate better with indices of insulin secretion derived from the HGC, the gold standard technique for assessing insulin secretion. 相似文献