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1.
稻纵卷叶螟对不同植物的产卵趋性与取食选择 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】稻纵卷叶螟是我国水稻上的一种重要害虫,在田间除水稻之外还可取食多种禾本科植物并完成生活史,但在大发生年份该虫几乎只在水稻上发生。本研究旨在明确该虫在水稻及其他寄主植物上的产卵选择及后代取食趋性的机制。【方法】采用室内笼罩选择实验比较了稻纵卷叶螟在水稻、玉米、稗草、狗尾草上的产卵与取食选择性以及取食经历对产卵、取食选择的影响。【结果】在笼罩条件下稻纵卷叶螟成虫在水稻叶片上的着卵量占总卵量的49.08%,显著高于其他三种植物;幼虫取食水稻后发育历期为17.29 d,显著短于取食玉米和狗尾草,同时取食水稻后蛹重最重;幼虫期分别取食水稻和玉米的稻纵卷叶螟成虫对四种植物的产卵选择无变化,仍显著偏好选择水稻产卵;低龄幼虫的取食选择性在几种植物之间无显著差异,低龄期取食水稻的幼虫发育到3龄、4龄后对寄主的取食选择顺序为狗尾草水稻、稗草玉米;低龄期取食玉米的幼虫发育到3龄、4龄后对寄主的取食选择为狗尾草玉米水稻、稗草。【结论】稻纵卷叶螟成虫显著偏好在水稻上产卵,产卵选择性不受幼虫取食经历影响,产卵选择性与幼虫的取食选择性并不一致。幼虫取食水稻的发育历期最短,蛹重最高。高龄幼虫显著偏好取食狗尾草,同时,低龄期的取食经历改变了高龄幼虫对水稻和玉米的取食偏好。 相似文献
2.
在室内分别用人工饲料、藜（Chenopodium album L.）或龙葵（Solanum nigrum L.）饲喂甜菜夜蛾（Spodoptera exigua）初孵幼虫,研究饲喂上述2种杂草对甜菜夜蛾存活率、发育历期、化蛹率、羽化率和繁殖力的影响,同时采用室内毒力生物测定的方法,比较取食不同寄主的甜菜夜蛾3龄幼虫对甲氧虫酰肼、虱螨脲及其复配混剂的敏感性变化。结果表明,与取食人工饲料相比,取食藜或龙葵后甜菜夜蛾的存活率下降,总发育历期分别延长3.11 d和7.02 d,单雌产卵量分别增加107.00粒和176.90粒,但化蛹率、羽化率变化不显著;与取食藜相比,取食龙葵后甜菜夜蛾幼虫发育历期延长3.37 d,蛹发育历期缩短0.36 d,雌成虫寿命延长0.60 d,雄成虫寿命延长0.65 d,成虫产卵量增加69.90粒。敏感性测定结果显示：与取食人工饲料相比,取食藜后甜菜夜蛾幼虫对甲氧虫酰肼、虱螨脲和复配混剂的敏感性降低;而取食龙葵后甜菜夜蛾幼虫对甲氧虫酰肼、虱螨脲和复配混剂的敏感性升高,对复配混剂的敏感性变化较小。综上所述,取食藜和龙葵会影响甜菜夜蛾的生长发育及对甲氧虫酰肼、虱螨脲、复配混剂的敏感性。 相似文献
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为了明确甜菜夜蛾(Spodoptera exigua Hübner)幼虫虫粪对其成虫产卵及幼虫取食的影响,采用非选择实验的方法,选用丙酮、甲醇和正己烷3种溶剂对甜菜夜蛾幼虫虫粪中的物质进行提取,然后分别测定3种溶剂幼虫粪便提取物对成虫产卵及幼虫取食的影响。结果表明:丙酮和甲醇幼虫粪便提取物对甜菜夜蛾成虫产卵量有显著的抑制作用,产卵忌避率分别为45.68%和33.21%;而正己烷提取物对成虫产卵的抑制作用不显著。3种溶剂粪便提取物对1龄和4龄幼虫的取食量(面积)均没有显著影响,但显著影响2龄和3龄幼虫的取食行为,其对幼虫的取食抑制率依次为丙酮甲醇正己烷;另外,3种溶剂粪便提取物对甜菜夜蛾幼虫的存活率无显著影响。可见,甜菜夜蛾幼虫粪便中存在对成虫产卵和幼虫取食具有抑制作用的活性物质。 相似文献
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为了解莲草直胸跳甲(Agasicles hygrophila SelmaVogt)在中国的引种研究情况及其存在的问题,进一步促进和推广莲草直胸跳甲在生物防治上的应用。在莲草直胸跳甲引种过程中,分别从不同生长态对环境温湿度的要求、繁殖技术、控制喜旱莲子草的效果3个方面综述中国引种莲草直胸跳甲的研究进展,并结合现状为国内利用莲草直胸跳甲控制喜旱莲子草(Alternanthera phitoxeroides)提出相关研究建议。 相似文献
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草地贪夜蛾（Spodoptera frugiperda）是世界性的重大迁飞性害虫,寄主范围极广。本文比较研究了草地贪夜蛾幼虫取食茶树和玉米叶片的生长适合度。试验结果表明,饲喂茶树叶片的初孵草地贪夜蛾幼虫8 d死亡率高达100%。3龄（9日龄）草地贪夜蛾幼虫取食茶树叶片的幼虫体重增长量显著低于以玉米叶为食的幼虫;取食3 d和6 d后,以茶树叶片为食的草地贪夜蛾幼虫的体重分别是以玉米叶为食的幼虫体重的35.58%和36.67%。取食茶树叶片的草地贪夜蛾幼虫的生长适合度明显低于取食玉米叶的幼虫。主要表现为：（1）8 d后,取食玉米叶的草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫存活率比取食茶树叶片的幼虫高出20%;（2）取食茶树叶片的草地贪夜蛾幼虫的成功化蛹率为54.17%;（3）取食茶树叶片的草地贪夜蛾幼虫的发育历期极显著长于取食玉米叶的幼虫,且蛹重、蛹长和蛹宽极显著低于取食玉米叶的幼虫的蛹。尽管取食茶树叶片的草地贪夜蛾幼虫的生长适合度较低,但是由于茶园中存在草地贪夜蛾嗜食的杂草,初孵幼虫可以杂草为食,3龄以上幼虫可取食茶树叶片并成功化蛹。因此,推测一旦草地贪夜蛾误迁入茶园,在茶园中的嗜食杂草被其食光后,其幼虫很有可能进一步危害茶树。 相似文献
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水稻黑条矮缩病毒对非介体稻飞虱——白背飞虱适应性的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为明确水稻感染病毒病后对非介体稻飞虱的影响,在室内研究了水稻感染黑条矮缩病病毒后对白背飞虱的生态适应性及其体内相关的保护酶和解毒酶活性的影响。结果表明, 在感染病毒水稻植株上取食对白背飞虱若虫存活率、发育历期、成虫性比、雌成虫体质量、产卵量和卵孵化率等影响不显著,但雌成虫寿命和卵历期显著缩短。取食感病稻株的成虫体内保护酶(CAT、SOD和POD)和解毒酶(AchE、 GST和CAE)的活性均显著增强。结果证明水稻感染黑条矮缩病病毒后非介体白背飞虱的适应性提高。 相似文献
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在温度(28±1)℃、RH(75±5)%、光照周期14(L)∶10(D)的条件下,研究了经抗、感性初步筛选获得的5份抗性和5份敏感橡胶树种质对六点始叶螨发育与繁殖的影响。结果表明:抗、感橡胶树种质对六点始叶螨的发育历期、产卵量、后代卵孵化率、性比和成螨寿命均存在显著影响;抗性橡胶树种质对六点始叶螨的发育与繁殖具有显著的抑制作用。取食抗性橡胶树种质IRCI12后,六点始叶螨不能完成发育与繁殖,取食后成螨存活率仅为6.80%,且最多可存活7.40 d;平均每雌产卵量为4.90粒,且不能孵化。与取食敏感种质RRII103、RRII105、IAN2887、IAN2904和桂研77-11-23(多)相比,取食抗性种质热研87-6-5、IAN717、RRIM600和RRIC52后,六点始叶螨各龄螨的发育历期均显著延长,产卵量显著减少,后代孵化率和雌性百分率显著降低,成螨寿命显著缩短。该结果为深入开展橡胶树抗螨性机理和橡胶树抗螨种质的挖掘及其利用研究以及充分发挥抗性种质在橡胶树害螨防控中的主导作用提供理论基础。 相似文献
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在室内温度15℃～25℃(平均18℃)、相对湿度70%、光周期12 L:12 D条件下,测定黏虫在玉米和小麦上各发育阶段的历期、存活率和产卵量,组建黏虫在两种寄主植物上的生命表。结果表明,与幼虫期取食小麦相比,取食玉米的幼虫发育历期极显著缩短(1.168±0.337)d;成虫产卵前期和产卵历期分别显著缩短和延长(1.063±0.435)d、(2.692±0.991)d;单雌平均产卵量增加240.533±153.965粒;蛹质量、世代存活率均明显提高。生命表参数表明,幼虫期取食玉米的黏虫种群净增殖率(R_0)、内禀增长率(r_m)和周限增长率(λ)分别为573.96、0.10和1.10,较取食小麦的高;平均世代周期(T)和种群加倍时间(t_d)分别为66.59和7.27,较取食小麦的低。黏虫的生长发育和繁殖在小麦和玉米间存在显著差异。与小麦相比,玉米更适宜黏虫的生长发育和繁殖,为近年来黏虫频繁在玉米上暴发成灾提供一定的理论依据。 相似文献
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棉铃虫取食棉花和玉米对其生长发育和繁殖的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在室内用棉花生殖器官(蕾、铃)和玉米生殖器官(雌、雄穗)分别饲养棉铃虫,观察两种食料对棉铃虫生长发育和繁殖的影响。结果表明,(1)取食棉花棉铃虫的幼虫发育历期为18.21天,比取食玉米的长4.39天,差异达极显著水平;(2)取食玉米棉铃虫的雌雄蛹发育历期,较取食棉花的分别长1.0～1.5天,达显著差异;(3)取食棉花棉铃虫的雌雄蛹重分别比取食玉米的高0.033g和0.0342g,差异达极显著水平;(4)取食棉花棉铃虫的化蛹率、羽化率分别比取食玉米棉铃虫高18％和40％以上,而取食玉米棉铃虫蛹的死亡率是取食棉花的约4倍;(5)两种食料对棉铃虫成虫繁殖力的影响存在显著差异,取食棉花棉铃虫成虫的单雌产卵量和单雌抱卵量比取食玉米要高出400粒左右;(6)两种食料对幼虫存活、成虫交配、成熟卵产出以及卵孵化等方面的影响差异均不显著。 相似文献
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通过田间调查和室内试验测定了绿额翠尺蛾（Thalassodes. proquadraria Inouce）的产卵选择性。结果表明：绿额翠尺蛾在荔枝树的四周嫩叶上均能产卵，在东、南、西、北4个方位上产卵量显著高于中位的产卵量；绿额翠尺蛾的卵散产，通常一片叶只有一粒卵；卵主要产在荔枝嫩叶长度为7～36 mm的叶尖上，其中长度为12～21 mm叶上的产卵量最多；雌成虫对不同寄主植物有很强的选择性，在荔枝、龙眼、芒果和莲雾4种寄主植物上，荔枝上的卵量显著多于其余3种寄主植物；绿额翠尺蛾雌成虫产卵对荔枝品种也有很强的选择性，在妃子笑、三月红、无籽、风霜、丁香5个荔枝品种上，最喜产卵于妃子笑和丁香上，而在三月红和风霜上的卵量很少。研究结果可为该虫进一步的监测和防控提供理论基础。 相似文献
12.
拟小食螨瓢虫对木薯朱砂叶螨的行为反应与空间分布相关性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
拟小食螨瓢虫对小薯上朱砂叶螨种群数量具有一定的控制作用.为研究利用拟小食螨瓢虫控制朱砂叶螨,在观察拟小食螨瓢虫成虫对朱砂叶螨成、若螨和卵的逐日捕食量基础上,测定拟小食螨瓢虫对不同密度朱砂叶螨+螨害木薯叶VS健康木薯叶的选择性,调查拟小食螨瓢虫和朱砂叶螨在木薯上的空间分布相关性.结果表明:①拟小食螨瓢虫羽化后第3天对朱砂叶螨成、若螨和卵的捕食量达最大值,并趋于稳定.②当朱砂叶螨若螨和成螨密度为30头/叶及40头/叶时,拟小食螨瓢虫显著地趋向朱砂叶螨+螨害木薯叶复合体;(③当朱砂叶螨若螨和成螨在木薯上的分布数量分别为41.90头和32.60头时,拟小食螨瓢虫在木薯上的分布数壁达最大;(④天敌拟小食螨瓢虫对木薯朱砂叶螨的行为选择与二者在木薯上的空间分布之间存在正相关关系.本研究结果可为探讨拟小食螨瓢虫对木薯朱砂叶螨的选择机制,以便更好地利用其控制木薯朱砂叶螨为害提供科学依据. 相似文献
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《Field Crops Research》1999,61(2):163-177
Field experiments were conducted over three years to investigate the effects of beet yellows virus (BYV) and beet mild yellowing virus (BMYV) on leaf area dynamics in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). Plants infected with BMYV showed normal leaf area growth and the leaf area index (LAI) was not significantly affected by virus infection. Up to 1.4 m2 (leaf) m−2 (soil) of leaf area was yellow, resulting in a maximum proportion of yellow leaf area of ca. 35%. Yellowing symptoms were only found on mature leaves. Plants infected with BYV showed a reduced formation of leaf area compared to healthy or BMYV-infected plants; leaves appearing after infection remained smaller than in healthy or BMYV-infected plots. As for BMYV, only mature leaves developed yellowing symptoms. The total amount of yellow leaf area on BYV-infected plants was similar to that induced by BMYV, but due to the smaller total leaf area index, the proportion of yellow leaf area was greater, up to ca. 50%. Infection with BYV substantially reduced the life span of infected leaves. Both viruses caused a ±20% decrease of specific leaf area in mature yellow leaves, compared to healthy leaves. As a result of a lower LAI and a greater proportion of yellow leaf area, BYV causes a greater reduction of crop light interception on green leaves than BMYV. In BMYV-infected plots, proportion of soil cover by yellow leaves was generally similar to the proportion of yellow leaf area, but significant differences from this pattern were observed for BYV. 相似文献
16.
用改进的叶浸提法和田间共生鉴定法,比较分析了从124份不同来源水稻种质中初步筛选的27份化感种质对稗草和莴苣的化感抑制效果。结果表明,叶浸提液对莴苣的抑制效果明显大于稗草;对稗草和莴苣根长的抑制效果大于苗高和发芽势;叶浸提液法与田间共生法对稗草的抑制效果呈显著的正相关,两种方法的鉴定结果有较高的一致性。叶浸提液对稗草发芽势的抑制指数与田间共生对稗草苗干重的抑制指数及其综合抑制指数呈极显著的正相关,认为稗草种子发芽势可作为测试水稻种质化感效应的重要指标。田间水稻苗高与叶浸提液对稗草根长的抑制指数及其综合抑制指数和田间共生对稗草苗高和苗干重的抑制指数及其综合抑制指数呈极显著的正相关,水稻苗高较高的种质较苗矮的种质表现出较强的化感效应。珍珠42、沙粘1、六月早、青团2号、红脚粘2和地谷的化感效应突出,对稗草的平均综合抑制指数分别为0.56、0.47、0.45、0.45、0.41和0.39,可作为强化感种质提供应用。 相似文献
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A commercially acceptable assessment technique for improved control of cabbage stem flea beetle feeding on winter oilseed rape 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Highly significant relationships between the percentage of leaves showing Psylliodes chrysocephala (L.) feeding scars and the mean number of larvae per plant during autumn, were established from 457 fields (over five different years) in England and Wales, and used to define an index of leaf scarring as an alternative assessment method for control decisions. The index was tested in conjunction with autumn samples using datasets from 786 fields (six years). An action threshold of 50% leaves scarred resulted in similar treatment advice to the current plant dissection method in over 98% of cases. During spring, the relationship between percentage leaves scarred and mean number of larvae per plant was not consistent between years and the index cannot be used for population assessment at this time of year. 相似文献
18.
In 1977 and 1978 in the field the cereal aphid Sitobion avenae F. (Hemiptera:Aphididae) was a pest on winter wheat (cv. Maris Huntsman), but was rare on winter barley (cv. Maris Otter). The results of laboratory experiments can only partly account for this observation. Alates showed no preference between leaves of wheat and barley, flag leaves of wheat and ears of barley, or ears of wheat and barley, the developmental stages available for colonization in the field. Developmental time, teneral weight, reproductive rate and offspring size of apterae were similar when reared on ears of wheat and barley. However, the proportion that developed into alatae and adult mortality were significantly higher on barley. That aphids fed on the rachis of wheat and the glumes of barley was attributed to differences in the ear structure of the two cereals. The possible role of plant structure in determining the resistance of cereals to aphids in the field is discussed. 相似文献
19.
Influence of drought stress on Mexican rice borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) oviposition preference in sugarcane 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Two sugarcane, Saccharum hybrids, varieties were grown in the greenhouse under well watered or drought conditions to examine the influences of stress on Mexican rice borer, Eoreuma loftini (Dyar), oviposition preference and selected nutritional components without impinging factors common to field conditions that alter responses. Our research revealed that, under controlled conditions, drought induced a wider range and greater uniformity of free amino acid (FAA) accumulations than have been previously reported. Drought stress resulted in increased dry leaf tissue and elevated concentrations of 7 of 9 detectable free essential (for insect health) amino acids in stalks, the chief food of Mexican rice borer larvae. Stressed sugarcane was preferred for oviposition, likely related to greater numbers of dry leaves and heightened host plant nutritional quality. Dry leaf tissue, which is not consumed, may be a cue for improving chances of larvae encountering nutrient-enhanced living tissue, and for concealing eggs in folds. Excised dry leaf tissue from the treatments was indistinguishable for oviposition preference; therefore, biochemical status of living tissue may provide oviposition cues. Varieties exhibited no major genotypic differences in FAA accumulations or oviposition preference. 相似文献