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1.
大亚湾杨梅坑人工鱼礁区渔业资源变动初步研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
杨梅坑人工鱼礁区位于大亚湾西北部,2007年12月25日完成投礁9．51×10^4m^3,礁区面积2．75km^2。分别于2007年、2008年和2009年春季,采用拖网和刺网相结合的方法,进行了1次建礁前的本底调查和2次建礁后的跟踪调查。结果表明,礁区2次拖网跟踪调查的游泳生物平均渔获种数分别为建礁前调查的2．13倍和2．50倍,平均资源密度分别为建礁前调查的3．38倍和8．19倍,平均尾数资源密度分别为建礁前调查的11．57倍和23．39倍。礁区2次刺网跟踪调查礁区游泳生物平均渔获种数分别为建礁前的2．29倍和3．14倍,平均渔获率分别为建礁前的5．51倍和9．49倍,平均尾数渔获率分别为建礁前的11．33倍和10．06倍。渔业资源生物多样性指数呈上升趋势。 相似文献
2.
Yoshiki Matsushita Shusuke Machida Haruyuki Kanehiro Fumio Nakamura Naoto Honda 《Fisheries Science》2008,74(2):230-235
ABSTRACT: A small number of fishers in Chiba Prefecture of eastern Japan use cotton gill nets to catch Japanese spiny lobster Panulirus japonicus. To examine the advantages of cotton gill nets, we analyzed changes in mesh breaking load of a new cotton gill net used in a fishing operation. A new cotton gill net was also soaked in a seawater tank to simulate ghost fishing conditions. The average mesh breaking load of new cotton mesh was 50.3 N. This value decreased to 19.0 N after 38 days (∼912 h), and after 82 days (∼1968 h) the mesh could be easily torn (breaking load 0.07 N). Under fishing conditions, the cumulative soak time was only 744.4 h over 19 months. The average breaking load at the end of this period was 43.1 N, a strength 86% that of the presoaked mesh. The mesh breaking load of a cotton gill net continuously soaked for 744.4 h was 26.1 N, as estimated from tank experiment data. Thus, a cotton gill net maintains reasonable strength under typical use conditions, but will degrade if lost at sea. 相似文献
3.
为探明流刺网船的捕捞作业情况,根据海阳市2014—2016年流刺网船的渔捞日志,对流刺网船渔获状况进行了分析,并对近海渔业资源利用动态进行了初步探讨。研究表明:流刺网船分为4种作业类型,分别是A类:交替使用海蜇(Rhopilema esculentum)漂流三重刺网、鲅鱼漂流单片刺网和对虾漂流三重刺网;B类:交替使用海蜇漂流三重刺网、对虾漂流三重刺网和青鳞小沙丁鱼(Sardinella zunasi)漂流单片刺网;C类:交替使用海蜇漂流三重刺网、鲅鱼漂流单片刺网、对虾漂流三重刺网和单拖网;D类:交替使用海蜇漂流三重刺网、对虾漂流三重刺网、青鳞小沙丁鱼漂流单片刺网和单拖网。B类的全年单船日平均渔获量低于同一年的其它3类,C、D两类的全年单船日平均渔获量年间波动较大,C类和D类大部分月份单船日平均渔获量都高于A类和B类。结果显示,不同类型各年常见优势种为海蜇、口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)和三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus),夏季4类作业类型渔获物群落结构相似度较高,A、C类在春季或秋季的部分月份渔获物群落结构相似度高,B、D类在春季和秋季的部分月份群落结构相似度较高。 相似文献
4.
Gear-based management of a tropical artisanal fishery based on species selectivity and capture size 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The population density, species composition and lengths of fish landed by artisanal fishermen using six types of gear: large and small traps, gill nets, hand lines, spears and beach seines were studied in the multi‐species fishery of southern Kenya. Selectivity and catch composition among gears were determined by studying the species richness, diversity, size and mean trophic level of the catches for each gear type, to develop gear‐based management recommendations for this artisanal reef lagoon fishery. One hundred and sixty‐three reef and reef‐associated species from 37 families were recorded in the catch. Beach seines and small traps accounted for the highest number of fish landed (34–35 individuals per fisherman per day). These gears also caught smaller fish than big traps, spears and gill nets. Beach seines caught the highest number of species (14 ± 7 species per day) while most other gears caught four to five species per day with no differences between gears. Predatory species with a mean trophic level of 3.6 dominated catches from hand lines, while the mean trophic level of the other gears was low and ranged from 2.6 to 2.9 with no differences between the gears. The high diversity and small size of fish caught in beach seines indicates that its selectivity overlapped most with large traps and gill nets. Spears and small traps also showed high similarity in species selectivity and small traps captured the smaller mean size of fish, indicating that they are likely to pre‐empt the resource of spears. Large traps, hand lines and spears catch the largest individuals and the species composition of the catch differed sufficiently such that their selectivity should overlap the least and may, therefore, be the preferred mix of gears. The elimination or reduction of beach seines and small traps should reduce the catch of small fish and overlap in selectivity among the existing gears. 相似文献
5.
不同网具在人工鱼礁水平方向上诱集效果的比较 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1
为了解东海典型软相泥地生境鱼礁投放后在水平梯度上的影响能力,于2014年8月在嵊泗人工鱼礁区采用等间距设点的方法,对不同网具(刺网、地笼网、拖网)在评价人工鱼礁区鱼类和大型无脊椎动物组成方面的应用效果进行了初步探讨。结果表明,刺网渔获组成以鱼类为主,占刺网总渔获种类的51.1%;拖网主要为节肢类,其次是鱼类,分别占拖网总渔获种类的41%和37.7%;地笼网的渔获种类分布则较为均衡。比较不同采样方法在鱼礁区水平方向上多样性的表征能力,拖网优于刺网和地笼网,3种网具组合的采样方式优于单种网具或任意两种网具相互组合。自人工鱼礁核心区向外,各站点生物资源量、多样性等指标大致呈逐渐减少的趋势。从上述指标的空间差异来看,三横山鱼礁区的有效辐射距离约为200 m,而东库山鱼礁区辐射距离为200~300 m。研究结论认为,相对于单一采样方法,组合刺网、地笼网和改进型底拖网的综合采样方式可以获得更完整的现场信息,从而更好地揭示人工鱼礁投放后水平方向的资源分布和群落结构状况。 相似文献
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Abstract Length, life history and ecological characteristics of landed fish communities were studied over a 10‐year period to test theories of fishing disturbance during a time of increased gear and closure management in heavily utilised fisheries. It was predicted that with greater management restrictions: (1) the earliest and fastest responses in the fishery will be seen in those species with faster turnovers, or relatively lower vulnerabilities to fishing; (2) the fishery would transition to a landed catch with higher mean trophic levels, and greater mean body lengths. In addition, the removal of a non‐selective, small‐mesh seine nets should benefit the catch of gears that previously had the greatest species selectivity overlap with the seine net. Many predictions were supported, although maximum lengths and lengths at maturity responded more rapidly than anticipated. The response to eliminating the non‐selective seine net was a more rapid increase in sizes caught by gears with a larger overlap in size (hook and lines) than species selectivity (gill nets). The simultaneous comparison of management systems over time indicates that open‐access fishing grounds can benefit from restrictions imposed in adjacent fishing grounds. The study indicated that multi‐species coral reef fisheries management objectives of maximising yields, as well as maintaining the fish community’s life‐history diversity, require management trade‐offs that balance local socio‐economic and biodiversity needs. 相似文献
8.
澄海莱芜人工鱼礁集鱼效果初步评价 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9
2003和2007年分别对澄海莱芜人工鱼礁区进行了投礁前的本底调查和投礁后的跟踪调查。结果表明，投礁后礁区海域游泳生物的资源密度明显比投礁前高，增加了25．63倍；礁区海域各类资源种类均比投礁前丰富，总种数由投礁前的23种增加至41种，比投礁前增加了0．78倍，其中，蟹类种数增加最多，增加了1．75倍；在本底调查中没有出现的经济种类龙头鱼Harpodon nehereus和红星梭子蟹Portunus sanguinolentus在跟踪调查中已成为主要优势种；Shannon—Wienver多样性指数（H’）在礁区和对比区均比投礁前有所增加。表明鱼礁投放后，鱼礁区集鱼效果和群落结构明显改善，人工鱼礁建设取得了明显的生态效益和经济效益。 相似文献
9.
- 1. Artisanal fishing on coral reefs in Papua New Guinea is an important livelihood activity that is managed primarily at the level of local communities. Pockets of overexploitation exist and are expected to increase with plans for increased commercialization.
- 2. This paper provides a current assessment of the artisanal multi‐species coral reef fishery by examining selectivity of the dominant gear, namely line fishing, spearguns, and gill nets. Each gear has its own strengths and weaknesses in terms of use and conservation of resources, with no clear problem gear.
- 3. The three gears utilize different resources but there was moderate overlap in the species caught, particularly between gill nets and line fishing and marginally between lines and spearguns. Gill nets have the disadvantage of being destructive to coral and the advantage of catching commercial species. Line fishing catches an intermediate number of species but mostly large‐bodied and predatory species that could potentially reduce predation and the mean trophic level of the fishery. Spearguns catch the highest numbers of species, including many non‐commercial and herbivorous fish and could reduce the diversity of fish and encourage algal growth.
- 4. This information could be used in combination with scientific monitoring and traditional ecological knowledge to develop an adaptive management framework that uses local restrictions on the various gears to restore or balance the fishery and ecosystem. Restrictions could be selectively imposed: on gill nets when coral cover is low, line fishing when large‐bodied predators are depleted, and spearguns when biodiversity is reduced and algal abundance high.
10.
Takashi Shimizu Tsutomu Takagi Holger Korte Tomonori Hiraishi Katsutaro Yamamoto 《Fisheries Science》2007,73(3):489-499
ABSTRACT: The net-shape and loading analysis system (NaLA) was developed to determine fishing net configuration and load in a previous study. The system has since been applied to general gill nets and aquaculture nets, and its validity has been proven through model experiments in tanks. In this study, the system was applied to estimate the dynamic behavior of a bottom gill net for walleye pollock, to test the system's applicability of the system to gear operations in the field. To obtain in situ data, four bottom gill net operations were performed in February 2004 off the coast of Sawara, Hokkaido, Japan. During operations, vertical displacements of the bottom gill net's float and sinker lines were measured as representative values of gear behavior, and ocean current direction, and speed at the gear position were observed simultaneously. Then, bottom gill net behavior was simulated using NaLA, incorporating observed environmental conditions and gear specifications. The resulting calculated behavior was compared to measured behavior in terms of the relationship between net height and environmental or setting conditions. Agreement between the calculated and measured net behavior was found. Thus, it is believe that our NaLA calculation model has the potential to simulate the dynamic behavior of bottom gill nets in situ . 相似文献
11.
Rikka Reyes Annabelle del Norte‐Campos Nathaniel C. Aasco Sheila Mae S. Santander‐de Leon 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(8):3129-3138
Biofouling poses low productivity and high maintenance in aquaculture. This study simulated the nets of fish cages to investigate biofouling composition and development as influenced by net colour, immersion period and environmental conditions. Yellow and green net panels were immersed for 60 days and sampled at 7, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days. Results revealed that biofouling composition was dominated by Bryozoan Bugula sp. (31%–38% cover), tanaids Tanaidae (64–146 individuals.100 cm‐2) and nematodes Linhomoeidae and Oncholaimidae (142–189 individuals.100 cm‐2). Biofouling development was observed in succession patterns of harpacticoid–nematode–amphipod–tanaid in yellow nets and amphipod–nematode in green nets. Water velocity within the cages significantly and positively influenced the total cover, biomass and the densities of amphipods, bivalves, polychaetes, fish eggs and bryozoans. Polychaetes, gastropods, fish eggs and macroalgae were present in green nets and absent in yellow nets at 7 days. Uniformity of biofouling assemblage in both net colours was observed beyond 7 days which may be largely explained by brown biofilm formation. The result of the study revealed the dynamics of biofouling in a marine fish farm and provides vital information for developing strategies in biofouling management to lessen its impacts. 相似文献
12.
福建莆田近海鲻鱼渔业现状及秋冬季产卵群体特点 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文主要根据2010年11月—2011年2月福建莆田近海流刺网作业鲻鱼生产调查资料,分析秋冬季渔获鲻鱼产卵群体组成、性腺成熟度分布等生物学特点及鲻鱼生产基本情况。结果表明:秋冬季(11月至翌年1月)是鲻鱼产卵盛期,也是鲻鱼渔业生产旺季;鲻鱼产卵群体主要为流刺网作业所利用,渔获群体优势叉长450～550 mm;近岸众多的流刺网作业过度捕捞亲鱼是造成鲻鱼资源量不断减少的主要原因之一。为更好地保护和利用莆田近海鲻鱼资源,建议进一步开展流刺网及张网作业对鲻鱼资源合理开发利用的专项调查研究。 相似文献
13.
底层三重流刺网作业是福建省闽东地区近几年发展起来具有一定代表性的作业。笔者通过调查霞浦县三沙镇189艘流刺网作业船,占全镇总数的89%,分析其经济效益及对渔业资源的利用情况。结果表明,目前闽东的底层三重流刺网已经完全替代了传统的流刺网。该网具的渔获物选择性较强,渔场适应性广,生产水平高,效益好,但由于网目规格偏小,对经济鱼类的幼鱼损害较大,要适度发展该作业则应限制网目使用最小规格,以减少渔业资源损害,保障渔业资源的可持续利用。 相似文献
14.
南海主要珊瑚礁(鱼旨)科鱼类的组成与分布 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
1998年3~5月和1999年5~6月,采用手钓、延绳钓和刺网3种作业方式在西沙的浪花礁、华光礁、琛航岛、永兴岛、北礁和南沙的渚碧礁、南薰礁、东门礁、美济礁、赤瓜礁、永署礁、华阳礁等12座珊瑚礁水域进行了2个航次的鱼类资源调查,捕获科鱼类6属25种,渔获量计942尾256.4kg;其中在南沙调查区捕获6属22种,共641尾205.5kg,优势种依次为尾纹九棘鲈、蜂巢石斑鱼、六角石斑鱼、黑边石斑鱼;在西沙调查区捕获6属14种,共301尾50.9kg,优势种依次为尾纹九棘鲈、六角石斑鱼、黑边石斑鱼、蜂巢石斑鱼,同时分析了主要种类尾纹九棘鲈、六角石斑鱼和蜂巢石斑鱼的生物学特征。 相似文献
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ABSTRACT: To analyze the effect of thin twine on gill net size selectivity, a series of fishing experiments using gill nets of two twine thicknesses (no. 0.8 of 0.16 mm diameter and no. 3 of 0.28 mm diameter) and three nominal mesh sizes (41 mm, 46 mm and 51 mm) was conducted in outdoor water tanks containing a rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) population of known size frequency. For nets of the same nominal mesh size, mesh openings of the no. 0.8 twine nets were approximately 2 mm larger than those of the no. 3 twine nets. The effects of both mesh opening and twine thickness are combined in the conventional analysis with the selectivity curve against fish length. Selectivity against the ratio of fish girth to mesh perimeter was calculated to avoid the direct effect of changes in mesh openings due to twine diameter at the same nominal mesh size. Results demonstrated that the thinner twine gill net was more likely to capture rainbow trout of smaller girth than the mesh perimeter. Fish with girths smaller than the mesh perimeter were often retained by the net with its body tangled by the thinner twine, possibly due to the increased flexibility of the thinner twine. 相似文献
17.
Ian G. Baird 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2006,16(5):517-532
- 1. Probarbus jullieni and Probarbus labeamajor are two of the largest carps in the Mekong River Basin, each reaching a maximum weight of about 70 kg. P. jullieni is listed in Appendix 1 of the Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species, and both are listed on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, the first as ‘endangered’ and the second as ‘data deficient’.
- 2. Six years of quantitative monitoring of a large‐meshed gill net fishery for Probarbus just below the Khone Falls in Khong district, Champasak province, in southern Laos shows that 78% of the overall catch is comprised of Probarbus, with P. jullieni making up 65% of landings.
- 3. Over the 6‐year period catches of Probarbus declined significantly. However, catch‐per‐unit effort statistics do not indicate that the fishery is in decline, although fishers are convinced that real stock reductions are a large part of the reason for catch declines and decreases in fishing effort.
- 4. A number of ecological and social factors are affecting the number and quality of gill nets in use, the length of fishing seasons, and gill net efficiency, making it difficult to compare catch‐per‐unit effort between years.
- 5. There has been a shift from using large‐meshed gill nets for catching Probarbus to targeting smaller species using gill nets with smaller mesh‐sizes. This is an example of the ‘fishing down’ of a Mekong fish community, in which large long‐lived species are the first to be affected by heavy fishing pressure.
18.
Giuseppa Buscaino Gaspare Buffa Gianluca Sarà Antonio Bellante Antonio Josè TonelloJr. Fernando Augusto Sliva Hardt Marta Jussara Cremer Angelo Bonanno Angela Cuttitta Salvatore Mazzola 《Fisheries Science》2009,75(3):537-544
There is some evidence that the presence of Tursiops truncatus in fishing areas represents a real economic threat to fishermen due the dolphin feeding on the entangled fish, damaging the
nets and reducing the fish catch. We have carried out experiments to assess the efficiency of a pinger in decreasing the interaction
between the dolphins and fishing nets, in a fishing area off the coast of southern Italy, where Tursiops truncatus is frequently observed to interact with bottom gill nets. Two identical monofilament bottom gill nets (900 m long), one equipped
with pingers and the other without, were used to measure the effect of these pingers on the abundance of the catch and net
damage. For each haul (58 in total), data on dolphin sightings near the nets, damage judged to have been done by dolphins,
weight and species composition of the catch were collected. All damage to the nets were recorded at the end of each haul.
Dolphins in the fishing area were sighted 11 times out of 29 fishing activities (38%). The net equipped with pingers contained
28% more fish (biomass) than the net without pingers (t test, P < 0.04) and was less damaged (−31%, t test, P < 0.01). To assess whether the efficacy of these pingers remain constant over long period, long-term experiments should be
carried out. 相似文献
19.
朱家尖人工鱼礁区鱼类和大型无脊椎动物群落结构变动初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于2002年朱家尖建礁水域的本底调查和2005～2006年4个航次跟踪调查数据,初步探讨了朱家尖人工鱼礁海域投礁前后鱼类和大型无脊椎动物的组成、优势种和群落结构变化。结果表明,投礁后出现的种类数为投礁前的2.8倍,鱼礁海域采集到鱼类和大型无脊椎动物53种,由鱼类、甲壳类和软体类3大类组成,鱼类和甲壳类分别占调查种类的49%和45%;投礁前后,甲壳类优势种发生了很大变化,从低值虾类转变成以日本（Charybdis japonica）和日本鼓虾（Alpheus japonicus）等经济虾、蟹类为主;甲壳类为拖网渔获的主要构成部分;投礁前后鱼类和大型无脊椎动物种类组成具有相近的群落多样性测度值,但皆未达到中等相似水平,优势种在不同月份差异大。人工鱼礁的建设使石首鱼科种类和岩礁性鱼类增加明显,鱼礁生境既具有维持固有种类的优势,还可为更多生物提供栖息地。 相似文献
20.
三横山人工鱼礁区鱼类和大型无脊椎动物诱集效果初探 总被引：12，自引：6，他引：6
为了解人工鱼礁投放对鱼类和大型无脊椎动物(简称FM,以下同)的诱集效果,分别于2007年5、9月和2009年3、5、7月对上三横山人工鱼礁B区与泥底区进行了拖网本底和跟踪调查,并于2009年1-8月对下三横山人工鱼礁A区与鳗头山岩礁和泥底区进行了刺网调查。采用CPUE、Margalef种类丰富度d、经济种类数变化、Whilm多样性指数H′′等反映FM的资源状况。结果显示,(1)鱼礁A区和岩礁区在CPUE、种类丰富度、经济种和多样性上均无明显差异(P>0.05),而两者各指标与泥底区皆存在显著差异(P<0.05);(2)鱼礁B区,投礁后CPUE和经济种类数都明显高于投礁前也大于同期对照区,差异显著(P<0.05);礁区平均丰富度水平高出同期对照区31.1%(P<0.05);多样性水平相对投礁前和对照区都有一定提高,但尚无显著差异(0.05相似文献