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东海区拖网网囊网目选择性研究 总被引：20，自引：2，他引：18
通过东海区拖网网囊网目对带鱼和小黄鱼的选择性试验,对拖网最适网囊网目尺寸进行了分析研究。结果表明：1．网囊网目45mm,小黄鱼和带鱼的逃逸率均较低,渔获中兼捕大量当年生经济幼鱼;2．网囊网目54mm,小黄鱼的50％选择体长尚小于其优势体长组范围,带鱼的50％,选择体长已部分进入其优势体长组范围;3．网囊网目65mm,选择体长范围与选择鱼种的优势体长组范围基本一致。综合分析认为：目前东海区最理想的拖网网囊网目不小于60mm。 相似文献
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小型渔船绳拖网的研究与试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
１９９３～１９９５年，先后设计和试验了网口目大６ｍ，８ｍ，１０．８ｍ３种规格拖网，普遍增产２０％以上，本文着重介绍１３６ｋＷ渔船使用的网口目大８ｍ的拖网设计方法及试验情况，提出根据捕捞对象习性选择网身形状，根据网以力和渔船功率配置网线，并研究了网目尺寸和网口周长的确定以及网盖和网袖设计。 相似文献
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ABSTRACT: Variations in trawl dimension, bottom contact, and catch with differing warp lengths during walleye pollock surveys conducted by the Fisheries Research Agency were examined. The ratio of warp length to fishing depth (scope ratio) was set at 2.5, 3.0 and 3.5 at depths of 110 m. At a 2.5 scope ratio, the net mouth shape and footgear contact fluctuated, as the trawl door did not contact the bottom. Footgear contact was complete when the scope ratio was 3.0 or more. Walleye pollock, sculpins and flatfishes were the main catch in all tows, and the catch increased with scope ratio. There was no difference in the length frequency of walleye pollock ( n = 300) captured at 2.5 and 3.0 scope ratio. However, the length frequency at 3.5 was significantly different from that of other scope ratios. These results suggest that at a scope ratio of 3.0 or more, the trawl door will not leave the bottom at any depths. To compliment echo surveys for walleye pollock, a 3.0 scope ratio would be optimal, since the catch data for a 3.5 scope ratio was dissimilar from that of scope ratios. 相似文献
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《Fisheries Research》2006,82(2-3):276-282
The role of bioluminescence stimulated by moving fishing gear was investigated using an ISIT video camera mounted inside a pelagic and demersal trawl. Data presented here show that trawling is responsible for generating bioluminescent light. In two Norwegian fjords, the mean number of bioluminescent events per metre of head rope per second were 5.14 ± 2.17 and 2.39 ± 1.0 for a pelagic trawl at ∼270 m depth and a demersal trawl at ∼500 m depth, respectively, travelling at 2–4 knots. By extrapolation of these data, thousands of point-source flashes occur over the entire mouth of a trawl every second during a tow, considerably increasing its visual presence to fish. The occurrence of stimulated bioluminescent flashes on a trawl in deep-water may provide sufficient illumination to permit herding in the absence of ambient space light. The aim of this study is to bring to the attention these preliminary observations of mechanically stimulated bioluminescence by mobile trawl gear as possible visual detection stimulus for fish and its potential to affect catch rates by altering herding, escapement and avoidance behaviour. 相似文献
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Young Bo Song Seong Rip Oh Jong Pyo Seo Bo Geun Ji Bong Soo Lim Young Don Lee Hyung Bae Kim 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2005,36(2):209-216
Eggs and sperm were obtained from a female (6.3 kg/BW) and a male (8.4 kg/BW) longtooth grouper Epinephelus bruneus following HCG injection in July 2003. The eggs were fertilized artMcially with the sperm and incubated in one of two 50-m3 tanks after washing the fertilized eggs. The fertilized eggs were 830–950 pn (average 900 ± 2 μm) in diameter and the respective fertilization and hatching rates were 97.7 ± 0.6% and 96.8 ± 0.5% at a water temperature of 25.0 ± 0.5 C. With this regime, the survival rate by day 93 was 7.5% in the 50-m3 tank. The elapsed time from hatching to opening the mouth was 3 d at 25 C. The initial mouth size (z) of the larvae was 0.22–0.23 mm. The newly hatched larvae were 2.02 ± 0.02 mm TL; this increased to 4.12 ± 0.09 mm TL by day 11. By day 54, the larvae had metamorphosed into juveniles and reached 41.12 ± 1.20 mm TL, and by day 93 the juveniles reached 93.78 ± 1.98 mm TL. In all, 49.5% of the larvae were malformed and the type of malformation was diverse. 相似文献
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为探究离底拖网对游泳动物的群落结构以及捕捞量的影响,于2019年9月和2020年9月在福建海域兄弟岛渔场开展了36网次的底拖网专项试验,通过调整曳纲长度控制底拖网作业过程中的网位变动,分别保持底拖网作业在贴底或离底1 m的状态,以物种组成、渔获量对数均值、优势度、多度谱、多样性等参数,分析和比较了贴底拖和离底拖的游泳动物群落结构变化。结果显示:贴底拖和离底拖游泳动物的种类数分别为126种和79种,贴底拖游泳动物的总尾数和总体质量均为离底拖的3倍,贴底拖的渔获量对数均值比离底拖要高0.36,表明贴底拖网的渔获物以栖息于底层的游泳动物为主;贴底拖的游泳动物多样性、均匀度和丰富度分别为2.81、0.65和10.01,均高于离底拖(2.29、0.60和8.13),经济幼鱼的比例更高,说明贴底拖会对游泳动物的多样性以及幼鱼造成更大的损害;离底拖游泳动物的优势度指数为0.41,高于贴底拖的0.29,其多度谱曲线更陡,说明近底层游泳动物群落优势种分布更集中、数量分布不均匀。研究结果可以为底拖网渔业的科学管理提供依据。 相似文献
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Kuzuhiko Itaya Yasuzumi Fujimori Susumu Shimizu Teruhisa Komatsu Teisuke Miura 《Fisheries Science》2007,73(5):1007-1016
ABSTRACT: To investigate fish density using rigid-mouth, towed net gear, such as a framed midwater trawl (FMT), it is necessary to know the catch efficiency. The catch efficiency with an FMT is described as the rate of fish entering the net (entering rate) versus the rate of fish retention, i.e. the mesh selectivity. This study investigated the change in the catch efficiency under several towing conditions using three types of FMT of different net mouth areas (4.0, 12.3, and 16.0 m2 ) with the same mesh size. The catch efficiency of the FMT was evaluated by comparing catch per unit effort obtained from each towing condition. The catch efficiency of FMT varied with towing speed and net mouth area. Particularly, the effect of net mouth area on the catch efficiency was greater than that of towing speed. Additionally, under the same towing condition, the catch efficiency for large length fish was lower than that for small length fish. 相似文献
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Takuzo Abe Toshihiro Wada Masato Aritaki Nagaaki Sato Takashi Minami 《Fisheries Science》2013,79(5):767-777
This report first describes the morphological and habitat characteristics of larval and juvenile Roughscale Sole Clidoderma asperrimum. Five metamorphosing larvae (22.1–31.7 mm standard length, SL) and 12 juveniles (23.7–46.4 mm SL) were collected from two locations in coastal waters of northeastern Japan, Shizugawa Bay (rocky habitats, 6–12 m depth) and Iwaki (sandy habitats, 10–50 m depth), respectively, using a hand net while SCUBA diving and a small trawl net during May–August in 2008 and 2010. Underwater observation in Shizugawa Bay revealed that metamorphosing larvae and juveniles that had settled on rocks or stones showed transparent and variegated body coloration, which is cryptic to a rocky habitat. Juveniles in Iwaki showed monotonic coloration. The settlement would occur during metamorphosis because the same larva observed on a stone subsequently swam with a left-lateralized body posture. The larval morphology was characterized by a dense covering of fine spines on the whole body surface. Spines on the ocular side developed steadily, gradually forming bony tubercles with growth, whereas those on the blind side regressed with development and finally disappeared in metamorphosed juveniles. Our results indicate that Roughscale Sole can settle and adapt to rocky and sandy habitats in coastal waters with wide depth range. 相似文献
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为研究渤海口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)三重刺网的捕捞性能,以河北省昌黎县的口虾蛄三重刺网为基础,于2013年4、5、7月在河北省秦皇岛近海进行50 mm、55 mm、60 mm和65 mm 4种网目尺寸的三重刺网作业性能比较实验,并与60 mm网目单片刺网和底拖网进行渔获对比分析。结果表明:三重刺网具有捕获渔场中绝大多数渔业种类的能力,选择能力较差。春季的渔获种类19种,为渤海近岸底层种类;夏季的渔获种类19种,除了小黄鱼(Pseudosciaena polyactis)和带鱼(Trichiurus lepturus)等底层鱼类外,还有日本鲭(Scomber japonicus)和蓝点马鲛(Scomberomorus niphonius)等中上层鱼类。春季的渔获结构单一,口虾蛄占渔获量的90%以上,主要兼捕种类鲜明鼓虾(Alpheus distinguendus)占4.1%,渔获选择性较好;夏季的渔获中,口虾蛄比例在75%左右,兼捕对象主要为小黄鱼、蓝点马鲛等经济鱼类的幼鱼,对渔业资源造成一定程度的损害,但渔获选择性比底拖网好。单片刺网的选择性最好,但渔获量低,只有三重刺网渔获量的30%左右,无法满足生产要求。建议开展渤海口虾蛄的可捕产量和分区域捕捞管理研究,开发作业性能更优越的口虾蛄专业捕捞渔具。 相似文献
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Comparative gear tows were conducted during the summers of 1987–1990 in the Gulf of Alaska. Efficiencies of four types of ichthyoplankton sampling gear were compared with respect to total catch and size distribution of larval fish. Fish were sampled using the bongo net (333 and 505 μm mesh), 1 m Tucker net, 3 m Tucker net and the Methot frame net. Results indicate that the bongo and the 1 m Tucker nets caught similar numbers and size distribution of fish. The larger 3 m Tucker and Method frame nets caught a larger size class of fish but a smaller total catch. Although there was a slightly significant diel difference in total catch detected in the smaller nets, no diel differences in size distribution of fish caught were detected for any of the nets. 相似文献
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Herein, we describe the embryonic and larval development stages of Coilia nasus, an anadromous fish that is indigenous to the Yangtze River and the northwest region of the Pacific Ocean. The success of artificial breeding programmes and modern methods of reproduction allowed us to accurately describe the development stages of C. nasus. These stages were recorded using a binocular microscope and a digital camera‐equipped microscope, and histological and scanning electron microscopy observations were also conducted. Development can be divided into four periods: embryonic, prelarval, larval and juvenile. The fertilized eggs were spherical, transparent, non‐adhesives and buoyant, with an average diameter of 0.80±0.10 mm. Complete early embryonic development took place within 40–43 h post hatching, and the new hatchlings were 2.85±0.20 mm long. The mouth openings (0.25–0.35 mm) appeared at day 6 post hatching. Complete metamorphosis took place by day 60, at which time the larvae transformed into juveniles (65±5.8 mm) and attained skin coloration. 相似文献
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拖网作业参数对南极磷虾捕捞效率的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解南极磷虾(Euphausia superba Dana)拖网作业中捕捞效果及影响因素,根据 2017 年 12 月 2018 年 6月随“龙腾”轮在南极海域生产时收集的作业参数、网具深度和声学数据等信息,利用声学方法获取磷虾集群质量中心深度与期望入网渔获量,结合网位变化和渔捞统计情况量化捕捞效率;利用广义可加模型(GAM)分析不同拖速和曳纲长度下,网位与磷虾集群质量中心的偏离程度,研究其对网具捕捞效率的影响。结果表明:(1)磷虾集群质量中心水深为(37.29±9.72) m,拖网稳定拖曳期间网位深度为(30.72±10.41) m,网位调整幅度为(11.52±7.09) m。网位与磷虾集群质量中心深度偏离(6.33±3.58) m。(2)网次渔获量为(16.25±6.77) t,拖曳过程中网口始终对准磷虾集群质量中心进入网口的磷虾总量为(27.06±10.19) t,捕捞效率为(63±19)%。(3)网位与磷虾集群质量中心深度差值对捕捞效率影响极显著(P<0.001),两者吻合较好时捕捞效率高;拖速与捕捞效率呈显著相关关系(P<0.05),拖速增大网位上升,捕捞效率越低;曳纲长度增加网位下降,但曳纲长度变化与捕捞效率相关性不明显(P=0.087)。研究结果将有助于南极磷虾拖网作业中有效利用磷虾行为特征,改善网具性能,提高拖网捕捞效率。 相似文献
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南极磷虾拖网的性能优化分析 总被引：8，自引：5，他引：3
针对一顶中国目前正在使用的南极磷虾(Euphausia superba)拖网进行网具优化试验,设计了调整参数为浮沉比、上下手纲(等长)和叉纲的三因子L9(34)正交实验,并在3组L/S(水平扩张比)和5级拖速下完成了135次拖曳试验。结果表明:(1)随着拖速和L/S的增加,网具阻力增加,网口高度降低;(2)流速为3 kn情况下,L/S=0.45时,对阻力(Fs)和网具功率消耗(Ps)影响的主次顺序均为沉力(A)>叉纲(C)>手纲(B),对网口高度(Hs)影响的主次顺序为A>B>C,对能耗系数(Ce)影响的主次顺序为C>A>B,水动力性能的最优组合为A3B3C1;L/S=0.5时,对Fs、Hs和Ps影响的主次顺序均为C>A>B,对Ce影响的主次顺序为B>C>A,最优组合为A2B3C3;L/S=0.55时,对Fs和Ps影响的主次顺序均为C>A>B,对Hs影响的主次顺序为B>A>C,对Ce影响的主次顺序为B>C>A,最优组合为A2B3C3;(3)当L/S极低为0.2时,网口的水平扩张约为23 m,虽然此时网口高度有一定的提高,但网具的综合性能却显著下降,能耗系数增加;(4)增加沉力,适当放长手纲和叉纲可以有效提高已定型网具的性能。为确保在低拖速下达到网具的高扩张性能,应考虑改进网板性能,建议采用低拖速高扩张性网板。 相似文献
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Mouth size was examined in larvae and juveniles of three cyprinid fish species: grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella Val.), silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Rich.) and bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis Rich.). A linear relationship was found between mouth size and the total length of fish, from the initial exogenous feeding stage up to 20–30 mm. Based on the mouth size, the size of the prey which could be consumed was calculated assuming 45° of mouth opening for optimum prey width and 90° for maximum prey width. Food particle size considered to be suitable for commencement of feeding amounted to 50–90 μm for silver carp larvae, 90–150 μm for grass carp larvae and 150–270 μm for bighead carp larvae. These criteria can be applied to moving rotifiers and nauplii as well as to the motionless particles of compound, dry diets. 相似文献
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To develop ways to catch fewer undersized specimens of Jasus frontalis in the traps of the rock lobster fishery off the Juan Fernández Archipelago (Chile), we studied the use of lobster traps with different-sized escape vents (circular windows of 80, 85, or 90 mm diameter). The traps used in the present fishery served as controls. Selection curves were fit to each of the vent sizes examined in the study. The method of alternating hauls was used for this purpose in a manner similar to that employed with trawl nets. We compared the size–frequency distributions obtained for each vent size with those determined for the control traps. We monitored 2437 traps and obtained a total catch of 13,444 specimens. Undersized individuals decreased in the catch as the diameter of the openings increased. The selection curves fit a logistic-type model adequately. A direct relationship was established between the vent size and the length corresponding of the first catch (L50). The CPUE for legal-sized rock lobster increased in traps having up to 85-mm vents, but this yield dropped in traps fitted with 90-mm vents. The CPUE for undersized rock lobster, however, was inversely proportional to the size of the vents. Unlike typical selectivity literature that relies on the L50, the objective of this study was to maximize the number of legal (≥98 mm Lc) specimens retained in the traps while simultaneously minimizing the retention of undersized specimens. To achieve this, we used a model relating vent size to L50 and the slope of the selection ogives. The optimal diameter for vents in this fishery was determined to be 83 mm. Furthermore, underwater recordings were used to register the escape behavior of the lobsters. These recordings contributed new data on the way in which the lobsters detect, confront, and escape through the vents. 相似文献
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A.J. Courtney M.L. Tonks M.J. Campbell D.P. Roy S.W. Gaddes P.M. Kyne M.F. O&#x;Neill 《Fisheries Research》2006,80(2-3):136-147
This study presents results from an experimental 10-day research charter that was designed to quantify the effects of (a) a turtle excluder device (TED), (b) a radial escape section bycatch reduction device (BRD) and (c) both devices together, on bycatch and prawn catch rates in the Queensland shallow water eastern king prawn (Penaeus plebejus) trawl fishery. The bycatch was comprised of 250 taxa, mainly gurnards, whiting, lizard fish, flathead, dragonets, portunid crabs, turretfish and flounders. The observed mean catch rates of bycatch and marketable eastern king prawns from the standard trawl net (i.e., net with no TED or BRD) used during the charter were 11.06 kg/hectare (ha−1) (S.E. 0.90) swept by the trawl gear and 0.94 kg ha−1, respectively. For the range of depths sampled (20.1–90.7 m), bycatch rates declined significantly at a rate of 0.14 kg ha−1 for every 1 m increase in depth, while prawn catch rates were unaffected. When both the TED and radial escape section BRD were used together, the bycatch rate declined by 24% compared to a standard net, but at a 20% reduction in marketable prawn catch rate. The largest reductions were achieved for stout whiting Sillago robusta (57% reduction) and yellowtail scad Trachurus novaezelandiae (32% reduction). Multidimensional scaling and analysis of similarities revealed that bycatch assemblages differed significantly between depths and latitude, but not between the different combinations of bycatch reduction devices. Despite the lowered prawn catch rates, the reduced bycatch rates are promising, particularly for S. robusta, which is targeted in another fishery. Prawn trawl operators are not permitted to retain S. robusta and the devices examined herein offer the potential to significantly reduce the incidental fishing mortality that this species experiences. 相似文献