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1.
The objective of this study was to determine if plasma iohexol clearance, computed by a 1-compartment model defined by 3 plasma samples. was an accurate measure of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in dogs. Twenty-two adult Beagle dogs of both genders were studied. Ten dogs had intact kidneys, and 12 dogs had surgically reduced renal mass. A bolus injection of iohexol was made, and blood was obtained for plasma iohexol assay after 120, 180, and 240 minutes. Plasma was analyzed for iohexol concentration by means of 3 assay methods: chemical, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP). Urinary clearance of exogenous creatinine was used to measure GFR for three 30-minute periods occurring between 150 and 240 minutes after iohexol injection. Plasma clearance of iohexol and renal clearance of creatinine were compared by linear regression analysis and by limits of agreement techniques. Plasma iohexol clearance and urinary exogenous creatinine clearance were significantly correlated (chemical R2 = .90; HPLC R2 = .96; and ICP R2 = .96). The 1-compartment iohexol clearance:exogenous creatinine clearance ratios were 1.04 +/- 0.17, 1.05 +/- 0.14, and 1.10 +/- 0.15 for the chemical, HPLC, and ICP methods of assay, respectively, indicating that plasma iohexol clearance slightly overestimated GFR. Assuming a +/- 2 standard deviation interval for error, corrected plasma iohexol clearance measured GFR with +/-34% accuracy for the chemical, +/-26% accuracy for the HPLC, and +/-27% accuracy for the ICP method. These results indicate that plasma iohexol clearance should have utility for detection of renal dysfunction earlier in the course of progressive renal disease than is possible with measurement of plasma creatinine or urea concentrations.  相似文献   

2.
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated by plasma clearance of iohexol (PCio) in 52 conscious cats presented for a variety of reasons to Angel Animal Hospital over a 2-year period. Cats were divided into four groups according to their clinical conditions and reasons for measuring PCio. The median PCio (ml/min/kg) was 3.68 in normal cats (NM), 2.39 in cats with suspected renal disease (SP), 1.35 in cats referred to confirm renal dysfunction (RD), and 0.84 in cats with apparent clinical signs of renal failure (RF). There was a significant difference between the results for each group. The respective medians of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and plasma creatinine concentration (Pcr) (mg/dl) were 15 and 1.40 in NM cats, 21 and 1.71 in SP cats, 30 and 2.20 in RD cats, and 48 and 3.30 in RF cats. The reference values of BUN and Pcr were 21 +/- 7 mg/dl and 1.5 +/- 0.4 mg/dl (mean +/- SD). Diminished renal function could not be detected in SP cats by either BUN or Pcr, while a marked decrease of GFR was demonstrated before BUN and Pcr increased, indicating the insensitivity of BUN and Pcr in detecting renal dysfunction in cats. PCio can be performed non-invasively in conscious cats, which improves the veterinarian's ability to detect early stages of chronic renal disease.  相似文献   

3.
BACKGROUND: Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) can be measured by clearance methods of different markers showing discrepancies and different reproducibility in healthy cats. Studies comparing different methods of GFR measurement in hyperthyroid cats have not yet been performed. HYPOTHESIS: Plasma clearance of exogenous creatinine (PECCT), exo-iohexol (PexICT), and endo-iohexol (PenICT) could lead to differences in GFR measurement and the need to use the same clearance method when comparing GFR before and after radioiodine treatment in hyperthyroid cats. ANIMALS: Fifteen client-owned hyperthyroid cats. METHODS: GFR was measured 1 day before and 1, 4, 12, and 24 weeks after treatment. Intravenous injection of iohexol was followed immediately by IV injection of creatinine. Plasma creatinine was measured by an enzymatic method. Plasma endo- and exo-iohexol were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to ultraviolet detection. RESULTS: Globally, the 3 GFR methods resulted in significantly different (P < .001) GFR results. GFR results among the different methods were the same (P= .999) at all time points. All 3 techniques indicated decreasing GFR after (131)I treatment. For each GFR technique, a significant decrease in GFR was observed between time point 0 and all other time points. This decrease stabilized 4 weeks after treatment, with very little decline afterward. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: It is mandatory to use the same GFR technique in follow-up studies. GFR testing at 4 weeks posttreatment could allow assessment of the final renal functional loss after treatment in hyperthyroid cats.  相似文献   

4.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate accuracy of measuring plasma clearance of inulin as an alternative renal function test for estimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in cats. ANIMALS: 10 cats, first studied with intact kidneys and subsequently studied following partial nephrectomy. PROCEDURE: Clearance studies were performed in 10 clinically normal cats; those same cats then underwent partial nephrectomy, and clearance studies were performed again. Plasma concentration of inulin was determined after administration at 50 mg/kg of body weight to cats while renally intact and 45 mg/kg after the partial nephrectomy. Plasma clearance of inulin (PCin) was determined by dividing the dose by the area under the plasma inulin concentration versus time curve. Results for PCin were compared with values obtained simultaneously for urinary clearance of exogenously administered creatinine (Ccr), a widely accepted method for measurement of GFR in cats with intact kidneys and cats with reduced renal mass. RESULTS: Results of PCin were strongly correlated (r2 = 0.912, P < 0.001) with Ccr. Repeatability of determination of PCin was similar to that of Ccr. Sensitivity and specificity of PCin were superior and equivalent to that of Ccr, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Determination of PCin provides a reliable estimate of GFR in cats and is a promising alternative to determining Ccr in cats.  相似文献   

5.
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was determined in 53 cats using an inulin single-injection method. Thirty healthy young adult cats were used to establish normal values. The procedure was also used in 23 cats that were either older than 10 years or had borderline serum creatinine levels. The total clearance was calculated from the decay of the serum inulin concentration after injection of 3000 mg/m(2)body surface area using a two-compartment model. Concomitant inulin and iohexol clearance in nine cats showed excellent correlation between the two methods. Calculated normal values for GFR in 30 healthy cats were 35.9-58.5 (median 46.0) ml/min/m(2)or 2.07-3.69 (median 2.72) ml/min/kg. A few cats with normal creatinine or blood urea nitrogen levels were detected as having reduced GFR and therefore being in a state of early renal dysfunction. The study indicates that single-injection inulin clearance is a valuable tool for routine GFR measurement in cats. An "inulin excretion test" using only one blood sample 3h after the administration of 3000 mg/m(2)body surface area could prove an attractive alternative for the assessment of renal function in daily practice.  相似文献   

6.
Methods of renal clearance to measure glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were compared with plasma creatinine concentration in clinically normal and partially nephrectomized dogs. Glomerular filtration rate was measured by use of a simple 24-hour creatinine clearance method in 36 normal female Beagles. Mean values were 57.6 +/- 9.3 ml/minute/m2 of body surface or 3.7 +/- 0.77 ml/minute/kg of body weight. Variability of this measurement was considerable, as determined in 4 dogs studied on 4 consecutive days. Glomerular filtration rate was measured in the same 36 dogs while they were under anesthesia, using short clearance periods to compare inulin and endogenous creatinine clearance. Mean values for inulin were 41.8 +/- 13.9 ml/minute/m2 of body surface. A close agreement with creatinine clearance was found (correlation coefficient, 0.998). Mean plasma creatinine concentration was 0.82 (range, 0.5--1.0) mg/100 ml. The value of GFR measurement compared with plasma creatinine concentration was determined in 10 dogs after 75% nephrectomy. Sixty days after partial nephrectomy, GFR was reduced to 61% of normal. Mean plasma creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were 1.2 +/- 0.14 mg/100 ml and 20.4 +/- 7.1 mg/100 ml, respectively. Thus, the detection of reduced renal function may be uncertain when plasma creatinine or blood urea nitrogen are used as a means of evaluating renal function. It was concluded that a simple method of creatinine clearance is a sensitive and useful measurement to detect early or borderline reduction in glomerular function.  相似文献   

7.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of methimazole on renal function in cats with hyperthyroidism. Twelve cats with naturally occurring hyperthyroidism and 10 clinically normal (i.e., control) cats were included in this study. All cats initially were evaluated with a history, physical examination, complete blood count, serum biochemistry profile, basal serum total thyroxine concentration, complete urinalysis, and urine bacterial culture. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated by a plasma iohexol clearance (PIC) test. After initial evaluation, hyperthyroid cats were treated with methimazole until euthyroidism was achieved. Both groups of cats were then reevaluated by repeating the initial tests four to six weeks later. The mean (+/-standard deviation) pretreatment estimated GFR for the hyperthyroid cats was significantly higher (3.83+/-1.82 ml/kg per min) than that of the control cats (1.83+/-0.56 ml/kg per min). Control of the hyperthyroidism resulted in a significantly decreased mean GFR of 2.02+/-0.81 ml/kg per minute when compared to pretreatment values. In the hyperthyroid group, the mean increases in serum urea nitrogen (SUN) and creatinine concentrations and the mean decrease in the urine specific gravity after treatment were not statistically significant when compared to pretreatment values. Two of the 12 hyperthyroid cats developed abnormally high serum creatinine concentrations following treatment. These results provide evidence that cats with hyperthyroidism have increased GFR compared to normal cats, and that treatment of feline hyperthyroidism with methimazole results in decreased GFR.  相似文献   

8.
BACKGROUND: Important characteristics determining the usefulness of a method for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measurement are convenience, availability, and reproducibility. HYPOTHESIS: The use of different plasma clearance methods could lead to different results and differences in reproducibility. ANIMALS: Twelve healthy cats: 6 young adult cats (age 7-12 months), and 6 aged cats (age 9-12 years) were included in this study. METHODS: A cross-over design was used to compare the plasma clearance of exogenous creatinine (PECCT), exo-iohexol (PexICT), endo-iohexol (PenICT), and chromium-51 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (51Cr-EDTA), and to investigate reproducibility of these methods. Cats of different ages were included to determine if differences in GFR in young adult versus aged cats would be detected with these methods. The PECCT, PexICT, and PenICT were performed in a combined manner. Plasma data were subjected to noncompartmental (creatinine, exo-iohexol, and endo-iohexol) or bicompartmental (51Cr-EDTA) analysis with a statistical moment approach. Area under the concentration-time curve was calculated using the trapezoidal rule with extrapolation to infinity. Statistical analyses were carried out using a random effects model. RESULTS: Globally, the 4 methods differed significantly (P < .0001) in GFR assessment. Clearance of exo-iohexol and chromium-51 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (51Cr -EDTA) showed the highest and lowest reproducibility, respectively. Only plasma clearance of creatinine differed significantly between young adult and aged cats. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: We found considerable differences in reproducibility of different GFR measurements. These findings should be taken into account not only in practice but also in future studies involving GFR measurement.  相似文献   

9.
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal plasma flow (RPF), and the endogenous creatinine clearance (CCr) rate were determined in 13 captive cheetahs, Acinonyx jubatus jubatus (seven females and six males, 1.5-7.5 yr of age, x = 5.02 yr), during general anesthesia with Telazol and isoflurane by measuring the urinary clearances of inulin, para-aminohipppuric acid, and endogenous creatinine, respectively. Methods to determine GFR, RPF, and endogenous CCr in captive cheetahs were evaluated, and the relationship between GFR and CCr for this species was determined. The GFR and the RPF were stable during the procedure, with mean values of 1.59+/-0.17 ml/min/kg body weight and 5.12+/-1.15 ml/min/kg body weight, respectively. Although the mean value for CCr (1.47+/-0.20 ml/min/kg body weight) was significantly less than the corresponding value for GFR, the mean difference (0.11+/-0.02 ml/min/kg weight) between the two measurements was slight, and the values were highly correlated (R2 = 0.928; P < 0.0001). The measurement of CCr in cheetahs should provide a reliable estimate of GFR, facilitating the early detection of renal disease in this species.  相似文献   

10.
OBJECTIVE: To compare glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measured via urinary clearance of inulin (UCI) with plasma clearance of technetium Tc 99m pentetate (99mTc-pentetate) and creatinine in dogs. ANIMALS: 6 healthy Beagles and 18 Beagles with reduced renal function. PROCEDURE: 13 blood samples were obtained between 5 and 600 minutes after i.v. bolus injections of (99m)Tc-pentetate and creatinine. Plasma clearance of (99m)Tc-pentetate was computed on the basis of 1, 2, or 13 samples, and plasma clearance of creatinine was computed on the basis of 2, 5, or 13 samples. During plasma clearance procedures, constant i.v. infusion of carboxyl carbon 14 inulin was begun and UCI was determined in urine collected from 90 to 120, 120 to 180, and 180 to 240 minutes. Clearance procedures were repeated in 12 dogs to evaluate reproducibility of results. RESULTS: Significant association between UCI and plasma clearance was determined via all methods. However, plasma clearances were moderately to markedly different from UCI, depending on test substance, GFR, and sample numbers used for plasma clearance computations. Comparisons were particularly discordant when some methods of limiting samples were used to define plasma clearance. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Values derived from plasma clearance methods for (99m)Tc-pentetate and creatinine were not interchangeable with UCI results, which raises questions about their reliability as clinical research tools for measurement of GFR. Plasma clearance methods that are relative indices of renal function should not be interpreted as accurate measures of GFR without validation.  相似文献   

11.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether pharmacokinetic analysis of data derived from a single i.v. dose of iohexol could be used to predict creatinine clearance and evaluate simplified methods for predicting serum clearance of iohexol with data derived from 2 or 3 blood samples in clinically normal foals. ANIMALS: 10 healthy foals. PROCEDURE: Serum disposition of iohexol and exogenous creatinine clearance was determined simultaneously in each foal (5 males and 5 females). A 3-compartment model of iohexol serum disposition was selected via standard methods. Iohexol clearance calculated from the model was compared with creatinine clearance. Separate limited-sample models were created with various combinations of sample times from the terminal slope of the plasma versus time profile for iohexol. Correction factors were determined for the limited-sample models, and iohexol clearance calculated via each method was compared with exogenous creatinine clearance by use of method comparison techniques. RESULTS: Mean exogenous creatinine clearance was 2.17 mL/min/kg. The disposition of iohexol was best described by a 3-compartment open model. Mean clearance value for iohexol was 2.15 mL/min/kg and was not significantly different from mean creatinine clearance. A method for predicting serum iohexol clearance based on a 2-sample protocol (3- and 4-hour samples) was developed. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Iohexol clearance can be used to predict exogenous creatinine clearance and can be determined from 2 blood samples taken after i.v. injection of iohexol. Appropriate correction factors for adult horses and horses with abnormal glomerular filtration rate need to be determined.  相似文献   

12.
Plasma clearance of creatinine was evaluated for assessment of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in dogs. In 6 healthy dogs (Experiment 1), we determined 24-hour urine clearance of endogenous creatinine, plasma, and urine clearances of exogenous creatinine administered at 40, 80, and 160 mg/kg in a crossover design (linearity study), plasma iothalamate clearance, and plasma and urine clearances of 14C-inulin. In Experiment 2, plasma creatinine and iothalamate clearances were compared, and a linearity study was performed as for Experiment 1 in 6 dogs with surgically induced renal impairment. Experiment 3 compared plasma creatinine clearance with plasma iothalamate clearance before and 3 weeks after induction of moderate renal impairment in 6 dogs. Plasma creatinine clearances were calculated by both noncompartmental and compartmental analyses. In Experiment 1, plasma inulin clearance was higher (P < .001) than other clearance values. Plasma creatinine clearances at the 3 dose rates did not differ from urine inulin clearance and each other. In Experiment 2, plasma creatinine clearances were about 14% lower than plasma iothalamate clearance (P < .05). In Experiment 3, decreases in GFR assessed by plasma clearances of iothalamate and creatinine were similar. Renal failure decreased the daily endogenous input rate of creatinine by 25%. Limiting sampling strategies for optimizing GFR calculation were proposed, allowing an error lower than 6.5% with 4 blood samples. These results suggest that determination of plasma creatinine clearance by a noncompartmental approach offers a reliable, inexpensive, rapid, and convenient means of estimating GFR in routine practice.  相似文献   

13.
A colorimetric assay used to quantify the non-ionic contrast medium iodixanol in sera was validated and compared with high-performance liquid chromatography. The application of this assay to estimate glomerular filtration rates (GFR) in cattle was examined. Serum iodixanol was de-iodinated by alkaline hydrolysis and the amount of released iodine was subsequently determined using a ceric arsenite method. There was a close correlation between the two methods using identical specimens. In clinically healthy cattle with different body weights, the reference value (166.3-178.8 mL/min/m(2)) based on body surface area was fairly stable as compared with that (2.13-3.63 mL/min/kg) based on body weight. Based on GFR data in healthy and renal-impaired cattle, when the GFR decreased to more than 60% of the reference value, serum urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations increased. The colorimetric assay is a simple method for the estimation of GFR in cattle and requires no expensive equipment.  相似文献   

14.
The objectives of this study were to compare assay methods for plasma creatinine (Pl-creat) in cats and to describe the disposition of creatinine and iohexol in 12 healthy and moderately azotaemic cats. Exogenous creatinine and iohexol were injected simultaneously by intravenous bolus, and repeated blood samples were taken to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of each marker. Pl-creat was assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Jaffé and enzymatic methods. The enzymatic method was shown to be more reliable than the Jaffé method. Two stereoisomers, exo- and endo-iohexol were identified. The plasma clearance of creatinine (2.3+/-0.66 ml/min/kg) was significantly higher (P<0.001) than that of exo-iohexol (1.7+/-0.40 ml/min/kg). The volume of distribution (447+/-97 ml/kg) and elimination half-life (181+/-77 min) of creatinine were also higher (P<0.001) than those of exo- and endo-iohexol. The estimated daily endogenous production of creatinine was 65+/-23 mg/kg. None of the pharmacokinetic parameters was changed by the azotaemic status of the animals.  相似文献   

15.
16.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate simplified methods for iohexol plasma clearance estimation in dogs and cats. Serial blood samples were taken before and 5, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 150, 180, and 240 minutes after a bolus injection of iohexol in 51 dogs and 25 cats. Iohexol plasma concentration was determined with X-ray fluorescence. Clearance was calculated by dividing the injected dose by the area under the plasma tracer elimination curve estimated with a 2-compartment pharmacologic model. Clearance was normalized to body surface area (BSA). The 10-point clearance was used as a reference for the evaluation of simplified methods. A 2-sample method based on a single exponential fit and a single-sample method based on a linear quadratic model were investigated. Simplified methods were evaluated by calculating the standard deviation of the difference (SDD) between the clearances obtained with the simplified methods and the 10-point reference method. All combinations of sampling times were evaluated. The best sampling times were chosen for dogs and cats as the ones yielding the lowest SDD. Linear regression analysis was performed between the reference method and the optimized simplified methods. The best combination of time for the 2-sample method was 5 and 120 minutes in dogs and 20 and 180 minutes in cats. The best time for sampling in the single-sample method was 120 minutes in dogs and 80 minutes in cats. Plasma clearance of iohexol can be estimated in dogs and cats from 1 or 2 blood samples with a reasonable margin of error.  相似文献   

17.
Background: Hypothyroidism affects renal function in a manner opposite the effects of hyperthyroidism.
Objective: To evaluate the effects of experimentally induced hypothyroidism on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and basal plasma creatinine concentration in dogs.
Animals: Sixteen anestrous, female dogs.
Methods: Hypothyroidism was induced by administration of 131I in 8 dogs, and 8 healthy euthyroid dogs acted as controls. Exogenous plasma creatinine clearance (an estimate of GFR) was measured in all dogs before (control period) and 43–50 weeks after induction of hypothyroidism (posttreatment period). Other pharmacokinetic parameters of creatinine were also determined.
Results: No significant difference was observed for basal plasma creatinine concentration and creatinine clearance between control and hypothyroid dogs in the control period. In the posttreatment period, mean ± SD creatinine clearance in the hypothyroid group (2.13 ± 0.48 mL/min/kg) was lower ( P < .001) than that of the control group (3.20 ± 0.42 mL/kg/min). Nevertheless, basal plasma creatinine concentrations were not significantly different between the hypothyroid and control groups (0.74 ± 0.18 versus 0.70 ± 0.08 mg/dL, respectively) because endogenous production of creatinine was decreased in hypothyroid dogs (22 ± 3 versus 32 ± 5 mg/kg/d, P =.001).
Conclusion and Clinical Importance: Hypothyroidism causes a substantial decrease in GFR without altering plasma creatinine concentrations, indicating that GFR evaluation is needed to identify renal dysfunction in such patients.  相似文献   

18.
Commonly used clinical indicators of renal disease are either insensitive to early dysfunction or have delayed results. Decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) indicates renal dysfunction before there is a loss of 50% of functional nephrons. Most tests evaluate global rather than individual kidney function. Dynamic computed tomography (CT) and Patlak plot analysis allows for individual GFR to be tested. Our objectives were to establish a procedure and provide reference values for determination of global GFR in 10 healthy cats using dynamic CT (CTGFR). This method of GFR determination was compared against serum iohexol clearance (SIC). A single CT slice centered on both kidneys and the aorta was acquired every fifth second during and after a bolus injection of iohexol (240 mgI/ml; 300 mgI/kg) for 115 s. Using data from this dynamic acquisition, Patlak plots were obtained, GFR was calculated, and results were compared to global GFR determined by iohexol clearance. The average global CTGFR estimate was 1.84 ml/min x kg (SD = 0.43; range = [1.22, 2.45]). The average global GFR measured using SIC was 2.45 ml/min x kg (SD = 0.58; range = [1.72, 3.69]). GFR measurements estimated by both dynamic CT and SIC were positively associated (estimated Spearman rank correlation coefficient = 0.72; P = 0.0234). The CTGFR method consistently underestimated GFR with a bias of -0.62 (SE = 0.1307) when compared to SIC (P = 0.0011). In healthy cats, CTGFR was capable of determining individual kidney function and appears clinically promising.  相似文献   

19.
A suitable method in the routine veterinary practice for the quantitative determination of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in dogs and cats has not been available until to date. Therefore, we modified the known plasma clearance model (=P-CL). The resulting P-CLterminal was assessed concerning its diagnostic value. P-CL of exogenous creatinine (P-CLcrea) and of inulin were determined in dogs (n=12, Beagle, 6 months of age) and cats (n=11, Domestic Short Hair, 14 months of age). The marker substances were administered as a bolus injection. In fasted dogs, P-CLcrea was 84.3 +/- 14.85 ml/min/m2 after a creatinine dose of 2.4 g/m2. An electrolyte infusion during the clearance determination did not alter the resulting values (p>0.05). In fasted cats, P-CLcrea was 54.7 +/- 5.8 ml/min/m2 (creatinine dose 2.0 g/m2). The inulin clearance, determined at the same time, was 104.5 +/- 19.81 ml/min/m2. Feeding the cats just before and during the test increased P-CL of both markers significantly (p<0.05). In order to adapt the clearance method for diagnostic assessment of GFR in the small animal practice, we aimed at minimizing the number of required blood samples (3 instead of 7 or more) and introduced the modified exogenous creatinine clearance (P-CLterminal). These values determined were 108.4 +/- 20.81 ml/min/m2 in fasted dogs and 66.3 +/- 11.81 ml/min/m2 in fasted cats. An electrolyte infusion (dogs) and feeding (cats) had the same effect on P-CLterminal values as described above for P-CL. In conclusion,the modified exogenous creatinine clearance is a suitable renal function test for the early diagnosis of renal disease in dogs and cats presented in small animal practices.  相似文献   

20.
OBJECTIVES: To determine effects of commonly used diuretic treatments on glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal blood flow (RBF), and urine output (UO) and compare 2 methods of GFR measurement in healthy awake cats. ANIMALS: 8 healthy cats. PROCEDURE: In a randomized crossover design, cats were randomly allocated to 4 groups: control; IV administration of fluids; IV administration of fluids and mannitol; and IV administration of fluids, dopamine, and furosemide. Inulin and para-aminohippuric acid were used for determination of plasma clearance for GFR and RBF, respectively. Plasma clearance of technetium-Tc-99m-diethylenetriaminepentacetic acid (99mTc-DTPA) was also used for GFR determination. RESULTS: Furosemide-dopamine induced the largest UO, compared with other groups. Both mannitol and fluid therapy increased RBF, compared with the control group. Mannitol, and not fluid therapy, increased RBF, compared with furosemide-dopamine. There were significant differences in GFR values calculated from 99mTc-DTPA and inulin clearances between the 2 groups. In all groups, use of 99mTc-DTPA caused underestimation of GFR, compared with use of inulin. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In healthy awake cats, administration of furosemide-dopamine did not increase GFR or RBF despite increased UO. Fluid therapy and fluid therapy plus mannitol improved RBF. Determination of GFR by use of 99mTc-DTPA cannot always be substituted for inulin clearance when accurate measurement is required.  相似文献   

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