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1.
BACKGROUND: Upper respiratory tract disease (URTD) of cats is caused by a number of pathogens, including Chlamydophila felis and Mycoplasma spp. For effective treatment of both infections, doxycycline and enrofloxacin are recommended, but adverse effects limit their use in cats. HYPOTHESIS: That the fluoroquinolone pradofloxacin is effective against C. felis and Mycoplasma infection in cats with URTD or conjunctivitis. ANIMALS: Thirty-nine cats with signs of URTD or conjunctivitis. METHODS: Placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial. Cats were randomly entered into 1 of 2 treatment groups: treated PO with either 5 mg/kg pradofloxacin q24h or 5 mg/kg doxycycline q12h for 42 consecutive days. Changes in health status and clinical scores were evaluated. The presence of C. felis and Mycoplasma spp. was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nested PCR of conjunctival swabs, respectively. RESULTS: At the beginning of the study, C. felis and Mycoplasma spp. were detected in 23 and 20 cats, respectively. Cats of both groups responded rapidly with a marked improvement in clinical signs within the 1st week. During treatment with either drug, C. felis DNA copy number declined quickly. Complete elimination of Mycoplasma spp. was achieved in both groups; however, whereas all cats receiving doxycycline eliminated C. felis, 4 cats treated with pradofloxacin remained PCR-positive. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: This study demonstrates that both pradofloxacin and doxycycline have good efficacy against C. felis and Mycoplasma spp., resulting in a marked improvement of clinical signs. However, C. felis DNA remained in some cats after treatment with pradofloxacin, suggesting that infection might not have been eliminated.  相似文献   

2.
OBJECTIVES: To describe clinical and laboratory findings associated with cats experimentally infected by inoculation with the 2 recognized genotypes of Hemobartonella felis (small variant, Hfsm; large variant, Hflg) and to determine the response of cats to treatment with azithromycin. ANIMALS: 18 young adult domestic shorthair cats of both sexes. PROCEDURES: Cats were inoculated with H felis and monitored weekly, using CBC counts and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) designed to detect both genetic variants of H felis. Beginning 26 days after inoculation, 11 cats were administered azithromycin (15 mg/kg of body weight, PO, q 12 h, for 7 days). RESULTS: Inoculation resulted in coinfection with Hflg and Hfsm, and both variants were detected by PCR. Clinical abnormalities and anemia were most severe in Hflg- and dual-infected cats. Results of PCR and CBC were positive for H felis in 112/112 (100%) and 42/112 (37.5%), respectively, samples collected after inoculation. Administration of azithromycin had little effect on clinical variables, including anemia. All cats, regardless of treatment with azithromycin, had positive results for the PCR at the end of the study period. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In these cats, Hflg was more pathogenic than Hfsm, and coinfection with both variants was detected. Results of the PCR were superior to results of CBC for detecting infection with H felis. Azithromycin administered at the dose and duration reported here was not efficacious for the treatment of cats with hemobartonellosis.  相似文献   

3.
The concentrations of enrofloxacin were measured in the tears, saliva and serum of 14 cats with signs of upper respiratory tract infection and eight with no signs, after daily doses of 5 mg/kg. Enrofloxacin concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentration of Chlamydophila felis were found in the saliva and tears of the cats with and without signs of upper respiratory tract infection. In a prospective randomised clinical trial, the efficacy of enrofloxacin against C. felis infection in cats with conjunctivitis was compared with the efficacy of doxycycline. Twenty-five cats were randomly assigned to treatment with either enrofloxacin or doxycycline for 14 days; 15 of the cats tested positive for C. felis by an immunofluorescent antibody test on conjunctival swabs. The two treatment groups showed equal improvements in the clinical signs of conjunctivitis and C. felis infection status; in each group three cats were still C. felis antigen-positive after the 14-day course of treatment, indicating a persistent infection. No side effects were observed in the cats treated with enrofloxacin.  相似文献   

4.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate efficacy of monthly administration of selamectin and fipronil against Ctenocephalides felis in cats. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. ANIMALS: 36 healthy cats. PROCEDURE: Cats known to be free of fleas were infested with 100 unfed adult fleas on days -28 and -21. On days 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120, sixteen cats (8 pairs/treatment group) were treated by topical administration of selamectin (6 mg/kg [2.7 mg/lb] of body weight) or fipronil (7.5 mg/kg [3.4 mg/lb]). Four control cats (2 pairs) were not treated. On day -6 and every 2 weeks after initial treatment, comb counts were performed to detect fleas. Flea counts were recorded, and fleas (< or =50) that had been removed were replaced onto the cat. On day 89, fleas were not replaced. On day 91 and every 7 days until the end of the study (day 150), cats were challenged with 20 adult fleas. Flea counts were compared between and within treatments. RESULTS: 14 days after treatment, geometric mean flea counts were reduced by 71.2% by fipronil treatment and 35.3% by selamectin treatment. Both treatments resulted in 97 to 98% reduction in flea counts on day 29 and 99.8 to 100% reduction from day 44 to the end of the study. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL Relevance: Selamectin is as effective as fipronil in treating infestation in cats housed for 3 months in a flea-infested environment under conditions known to support the flea life cycle and in protecting against subsequent weekly challenges with C felis for an additional 2 months.  相似文献   

5.
The new perspectives about hemotrophic mycoplasma infections in cats and dogs can be summarized as follows: Haemobartonella and Eperythrozoon species infecting the dog and cat have been reclassified as mycoplasmal parasites and given the names M haemofelis (Ohio or large form of H felis), M haemominutum (California or small form of H felis), and M haemocanis (H canis). The prevalence of hemotrophic mycoplasma infections in anemic cats in the United States is about 25% and usually involves M haemofelis. However, nonanemic cats may also be infected most commonly with M haemominutum. Chronic infections with hemotrophic mycoplasmas may promote myeloproliferative disorders in FeLV-infected cats. M haemocanis infection in dogs may be a widespread latent disease in kennel-raised dogs and is being investigated. The PCR assay is exquisitely sensitive for detection of M haemofelis and M haemominutum, and testing of blood donor cats and perhaps dogs should be done regularly. Fleas are involved in the transmission of M haemofelis to the cat, whereas R sanguines may be involved with transmission of M haemocanis to the dog. Treatment with doxycycline effectively controls acute infection in the cat and dog, and enrofloxacin may also be effective in the cat, but none of the antibiotics tested to date consistently clears the parasites.  相似文献   

6.
Haemobartonella felis infection was demonstrated in 38 cats which could be divided into four groups as follows: group A, feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) free cats with H felis infection alone; group B, FeLV free cats with H felis infection and other clinical conditions; group C, FeLV positive cats with H felis infection but no clinical manifestation of FeLV related or any other intercurrent disease; and group D, FeLV positive cats with H felis infection and clinical manifestations of FeLV related or other diseases. Cats in group A were healthy carriers of the infection and none was anaemic, whereas some in group B had clinical haemobartonellosis and anaemia. This anaemia was mainly mild, normocytic and normochromic. Most of the cats in group C and all in group D were more severely ill and anaemic, the anaemia usually being macrocytic and hypochromic. Splenomegaly occurred only in groups C and D. Treatment with tetracyclines did not eliminate H felis from any of the cats and blood transfusions were ineffective in promoting long term recovery from anaemia in cats with intercurrent H felis and FeLV infections. The findings in the cats in groups C and D were further compared with those in a fifth group of cats which were infected with FeLV but free of H felis.  相似文献   

7.
OBJECTIVE: To develop a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay that detects and differentiates the Ohio strain of Haemobartonella felis (H. felis-OH) and the California strain of H. felis (H. felis-CA) and to apply the assay to blood samples from cats with and without suspected haemobartonellosis (suspect and control cats, respectively). SAMPLE POPULATION: 220 blood samples were examined; 82 were from suspect cats, and 138 were from control cats. PROCEDURE: A PCR assay was designed to detect and differentiate H. felis-OH and H. felis-CA. RESULTS: On the basis of PCR assay results, the overall prevalence of H. felis infection was 19.5% (43/220). Suspect cats (28.0%; 23/82) were significantly more likely than control cats (14.5%; 20/138) to be H. felis infected. Significantly greater numbers of suspect cats were H. felis-OH infected (12.2%, 9/82) or H. felis-OH and H. felis-CA infected (4.9%, 4/82) than control cats (0% [0/138] and 0.7% [1/138], respectively). Significantly more anemic cats were H. felis-OH infected (14.3%; 4/28) or H. felis-OH and H. felis-CA infected (7.1%; 2/28) than nonanemic cats (2.3% [3/128] and 0.8% [1/128], respectively). The PCR assay was more accurate than cytologic examination for detection of H. felis. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Haemobartonella felis infections are more common in cats than previously recognized. Haemobartonella felis-OH is apparently more pathogenic than H. felis-CA. The PCR assay is more accurate than cytologic examination for detection of H. felis infection and is an effective clinical tool for the detection and differentiation of both H. felis strains known to infect cats.  相似文献   

8.
A novel spot-on formulation containing metaflumizone (ProMeris for Cats, Fort Dodge Animal Health, Overland Park, KS) was evaluated in five laboratory studies to determine the duration of residual efficacy in cats against fleas after a single spot treatment. In each study, eight domestic shorthair cats were randomly allocated to each treatment group and individually housed. One group in each study remained non-treated. In one study, an additional group of eight cats was treated with a placebo formulation. Cats were treated topically with metaflumizone formulation to provide a dose of at least 40mg metaflumizone/kg. Cats were infested with 100 cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis felis) once per week for approximately 8 weeks. Cats were comb counted 48h after treatment and each infestation to determine the number of viable fleas present. There were no significant differences in flea counts between the non-treated control and the placebo-treated control (P>0.05) other than a 26% reduction at week 1, demonstrating that the formulation excipients had no activity. Metaflumizone treatment resulted in significantly lower flea numbers relative to non-treated controls on all post-treatment count days (P<0.05). Metaflumizone provided >90% control of flea infestations up to 7 weeks following a single treatment.  相似文献   

9.
Hemobartonellosis is caused by Mycoplasma haemofelis, previously known as Haemobartonella felis. Cats infected with this organism typically develop regenerative anemia. The related species Mycoplasma haemominutum may also cause anemia. The purposes of this study were to use polymerase chain reaction technology to determine if both organisms exist in naturally infected cats from Saskatchewan and Alberta, and to determine if disease manifestation corresponds to mycoplasma species. Thirteen of 18 cats with regenerative anemia were infected, 12 with M. haemofelis and 1 with M. haemominutum. Eight of 22 cats with nonregenerative anemia were infected, 4 with M. haemofelis and 4 with M. haemominutum. Two of 20 cats with normal complete blood (cell) counts were infected with M. haemominutum. Although both mycoplasma species were identified, ill cats were more often infected with M. haemofelis.  相似文献   

10.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether Ctenocephalides felis can transmit Mycoplasma haemofelis (Mhf) and Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum (Mhm) through hematophagous activity between cats. ANIMALS: 11 cats. PROCEDURE: 2 cats were carriers of either Mhf or Mhm. Nine cats had negative results via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for Mhf and Mhm DNA; 3 of those cats were infected from the chronic carriers via i.v. inoculation of blood. At the time of maximum organism count for each of the Mycoplasma spp, 1 chamber containing 100 C felis was bandaged to the amplifier cats. Five days later, fleas, feces, larvae, or eggs from each chamber were analyzed for Mycoplasma spp DNA. Viable fleas from the chambers were allocated into new chambers (3 Mhm and 6 Mhf) and attached to na?ve cats for 5 days. Cats were monitored daily for clinical signs and weekly via CBC and PCR assay for infection with Mhf or Mhm for a minimum of 8 weeks. RESULTS: Uptake of Mhf and Mhm DNA into fleas, feces, and, potentially, eggs and larvae was detected. Of the na?ve cats fed on by Mhf-infected fleas, 1 cat transiently yielded positive PCR assay results for Mhf on 1 sampling date without clinical or hematologic changes consistent with Mhf infection. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that hematophagous transfer of Mhm and Mhf into fleas occurred and that C felis is a possible vector for Mhf via hematophagous activity.  相似文献   

11.
OBJECTIVES: To determine whether clomipramine differs from fluoxetine in reducing feline urine marking; whether reduction of marking continues in cats treated >8 weeks; whether recurrence of marking, after abrupt drug withdrawal, is less in cats treated >8 weeks; and whether cats that are successfully treated but resume marking after drug withdrawal can be successfully treated again with the same drug regimen. DESIGN: Positive-controlled, double-masked clinical trial. ANIMALS: 22 neutered cats (2 females, 20 males) > or =1 year old with objectionable urine marking. PROCEDURE: Cats that marked vertically > or =3 times/wk were treated with fluoxetine (1 mg/kg [0.45 mg/lb], q 24 h, PO) or clomipramine (0.5 mg/kg [0.23 mg/lb], q 24 h, PO) for 16 weeks, and efficacy was compared. Recurrence of marking was determined after abrupt withdrawal of fluoxetine at 16 or 32 weeks. Reduction in marking in cats treated with fluoxetine for 8 weeks after returning to marking following drug withdrawal was compared with the initial 8 weeks of successful treatment. RESULTS: Efficacy of fluoxetine and clomipramine was similar. Treatment >8 weeks revealed increasing efficacy in reduction of marking. Return of marking after termination of fluoxetine administration occurred in most cats. Cats successfully treated initially with fluoxetine responded similarly to repeated treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Clomipramine and fluoxetine were equivalent in treating urine marking. Longer treatment increased efficacy. Most cats return to marking after abrupt drug withdrawal. A second course of treatment can be expected to be as effective as the first.  相似文献   

12.
The current recommended treatment for feline chlamydophilosis involves daily oral administration of antimicrobials to all cats within an affected group for a prolonged period of time (4-6 weeks). Not surprisingly, owner compliance can be poor resulting in apparent treatment failure. Recent anecdotal evidence, supported by its efficacy in the treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in humans, has suggested that azithromycin may offer an alternative by allowing less frequent dosing for a shorter duration. A clinical trial was designed to evaluate the efficacy of azithromycin for the treatment of chlamydia (Chlamydophila felis) infection in cats. Whilst azithromycin, given at 10-15 mg/kg daily for 3 days and then twice weekly, provided a similar, rapid resolution of clinical signs and negative isolation scores as doxycycline, C felis was re-isolated in four out of the five cats treated. Furthermore, even daily administration of azithromycin to chronically infected cats was ineffective in clearing infection. The azithromycin protocols used here were therefore found to be unsuccessful in eliminating the carriage of this strain of C felis.  相似文献   

13.
BACKGROUND: Administration of tetracyclines or fluoroquinolones is associated with improvement in clinical and laboratory abnormalities in cats infected with Mycoplasma haemofelis. No treatment protocol has consistently eliminated the organism, and antimicrobial susceptibility may vary among M. haemofelis isolates. Continued search for effective therapies is warranted. HYPOTHESIS: Marbofloxacin administered at the onset of clinical illness will be safe and effective for the treatment of M. haemofelis. ANIMALS: Fourteen young adult, laboratory-reared cats housed together in a specific pathogen-free facility. METHODS: Twelve cats were inoculated IV with 2.0 mL of blood from 2 M. haemofelis positive cats. Clinical parameters were assessed daily. CBC and hemoplasma polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay were performed before inoculation, weekly for 1-3 weeks postinoculation (PI) and twice weekly 3-6 weeks PI. Treatment with marbofloxacin (2.75 mg/kg PO daily for 14 days) was initiated in 6 randomly selected cats when PCV was <30% or fever was >102.5 degrees F (39.2 degrees C). Cats that were PCR positive on day 7 of therapy were treated for 28 days. Cats that were PCR negative on day 42 PI were treated with 20 mg/kg methylprednisolone acetate IM on day 50 PI. RESULTS: Significant differences between groups on some days after inoculation included higher PCV and red blood cell counts, lower mean cell volume, and higher mean cell hemoglobin content in marbofloxacin-treated cats. No differences in PCR assay results were noted between groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Marbofloxacin was safe and resulted in more rapid hematologic improvement in M. haemofelis-infected cats, but did not change clinical scores and did not consistently eliminate infection.  相似文献   

14.
The principal aims of this study were to evaluate the humoral immune response (IgG) of cats with gastric Helicobacter spp. infection, and to determine the prevalence of different types of Helicobacter spp. in the stomachs of cats. The Helicobacter infection status of 45 cats (12 healthy spay/neuter cats, 9 sick cats, 24 colony cats) was determined by evaluating endoscopic gastric biopsies for urease activity, presence of Helicobacter-like organisms (HLO) on histopathology, and genus and species-specific PCR. Serum samples were evaluated with a kinetic enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) utilizing the high molecular cell-associated protein (HM-CAP) fraction of H. felis ATCC 49179.Seventeen of 45 cats were infected with Helicobacter spp.: "H. heilmannii" 9/17, H. felis 4/17, mixed "H. heilmannii" and H. felis 3/17, unclassified-Helicobacter spp. 7/17. H. pylori was not detected in any cat. Kinetic ELISA results were significantly higher for infected cats, than for uninfected cats. Cats infected with different Helicobacter spp. showed similar distribution of OD/min values. There were no effects of age or clinical signs on the results of kinetic ELISA. No correlation between colonization density and seroconversion was observed. There were statistically significant, but weak correlations between the degree of seroconversion and the degree of inflammation, and the number of lymphoid follicles. Infected cats had more severe inflammation in the pylorus and fundus than uninfected cats. Infected sick cats had a higher degree of pyloric, but not fundic inflammation, than healthy infected cats and uninfected sick cats.The results indicate that naturally acquired infection with gastric Helicobacter spp. is associated with seroconversion (IgG) in cats. The similar ELISA values in cats infected with a variety of Helicobacter spp. suggests substantial antigenic homology between different Helicobacter spp. The higher degree of inflammation in infected than uninfected cats, supports a role for Helicobacter as a cause of gastritis in cats.  相似文献   

15.
A novel PCR assay was developed in order to examine the prevalence of Haemobartonella felis (H. felis) in Japanese domestic cats and which was able to differentiate of the Ohio strain and the California strain of H. felis. Blood samples from a total of 21 cats suspected of having haemobartonellosis were examined employing a novel PCR assay and demonstrated positive results in 18 cats which was confirmed by cytological examination of blood smears. Four out of 18 positive cats (22%) were infected with the California strain, whilst the other 12 cats (67%) were infected with the Ohio strain and two animals (11%) were infected with both strains. As most of the cats with moderate to severe anemia were infected with the Ohio strain, it is suggested that the most prevalent strain of H. felis in Japanese domestic cats might be the Ohio strain. In the present study, it was thought that molecular detection and characterization of H. felis may provide valuable information regarding the severity and prognosis of this illness.  相似文献   

16.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of preoperative PO and SC administration of buprenorphine and meloxicam for prevention of postoperative pain-associated behaviors in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy. DESIGN: Randomized controlled study. ANIMALS: 51 female cats (4 to 60 months old; weight range, 1.41 to 4.73 kg [3.1 to 10.4 lb]). PROCEDURE: Cats received 1 of 5 treatments at the time of anesthetic induction: buprenorphine PO (0.01 mg/kg [0.0045 mg/lb]; n = 10), buprenorphine SC (0.01 mg/kg; 10), meloxicam SC (0.3 mg/kg 10.14 mg/lb]; 10), meloxicam PO (0.3 mg/kg; 10), or 0.3 mL of sterile saline (0.9% NaCI) solution SC (control group; 11). Sedation scores and visual analog scale and interactive visual analog scale (IVAS) pain-associated behavior scores were assigned to each cat 2 hours before and at intervals until 20 hours after surgery. RESULTS: Cats receiving meloxicam PO or SC had significantly lower IVAS scores (2.91 and 2.02, respectively), compared with IVAS scores for cats receiving buprenorphine PO (755). Pain-associated behavior scores for cats administered buprenorphine or meloxicam PO or SC preoperatively did not differ significantly from control group scores. Rescue analgesia was not required by any of the cats receiving meloxicam, whereas 3 of 10 cats receiving buprenorphine PO, 2 of 10 cats receiving buprenorphine SC, and 1 of 11 cats receiving the control treatment required rescue analgesia. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: On the basis of pain-associated behavior scores, cats receiving meloxicam PO or SC before ovariohysterectomy appeared to have less pain after surgery than those receiving buprenorphine PO preoperatively.  相似文献   

17.
Feline hemotropic mycoplasmosis (feline hemobartonellosis).   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
Hemotropic mycoplasmas represent an important cause of anemia in cats worldwide. Previously known as Haemobartonella species, sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes of these organisms has led to their reclassification as mycoplasmas. Two species have been identified in cats, M haemofelis and "Candidatus M haemominutum." The latter organism alone has not been associated with disease in naturally infected cats but may cause anemia in FeLV-infected cats and accelerate development of FeLV-induced myeloproliferative disease. The mode of transmission of these organisms remains enigmatic. Nevertheless, development of sensitive DNA-based tests for these unculturable organisms has improved the understanding of the epidemiology and pathogenesis of FHM. Cats with clinical signs and laboratory abnormalities consistent with FHM should be treated with doxycycline; enrofloxacin may represent an effective alternative. Transfusion with packed red blood cells after cross-matching may be required for severely anemia cats, and addition of prednisone may be required if the diagnosis of FHM is uncertain, or response to antimicrobials alone is insufficient. Affected cats should be tested for FeLV, the most common concurrent infection in cats with FHM.  相似文献   

18.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of preexisting FeLV infection or FeLV and feline immunodeficiency (FIV) coinfection on the pathogenicity of the small variant of Haemobartonella felis (Hfsm, California variant) in cats. ANIMALS: 20 FeLV infected, 5 FeLV-FIV coinfected, and 19 retrovirus-free cats. PROCEDURES: A client-owned cat, coinfected with FeLV and Hfsm, was the source for Hfsm. Inoculum 1 (FeLV free) was obtained by passage of source Hfsm through 4 FeLV-resistant cats. Inoculum 2 was obtained by further passage of Hfsm (inoculum 1) through 2 specific pathogen-free cats. RESULTS: A mild-to-moderate anemia started 21 days after inoculation, with its nadir occurring at 35 to 42 days after inoculation. Infection with Hfsm induced greater decrease in hemoglobin concentration in FeLV infected cats, compared with retrovirus free cats. Reticulocytosis, macrocytosis, and polychromasia of erythrocytes developed in anemic cats regardless of retrovirus infection status. Mean neutrophil counts decreased during the hemolytic episode. For most cats, the anemia was transient. Four FeLV infected cats, 1 of which was also FIV infected, developed fatal FeLV-associated myeloproliferative diseases. Of the surviving cats, 8 died over the next 24 months from other FeLV-related diseases. Hemolysis did not recur after the initial episode. Inoculum 1 induced more severe anemia than inoculum 2. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Our results support the clinical observation that cats coinfected with FeLV and H felis develop more severe anemia than cats infected with H felis alone. Infection with Hfsm may induce myeloproliferative disease in FeLV infected cats. The small variant of H felis may lose pathogenicity by passage through FeLV-free cats.  相似文献   

19.
OBJECTIVE: To characterize the effects of oral administration of a high dose of enrofloxacin to cats. ANIMALS: 24 (12 male and 12 female) young healthy cats. PROCEDURES: Cats were allocated on the basis of sex into 2 groups (4 males and 4 females/ group) from which 3 subgroups for 3 durations (3, 5, or 7 days) of enrofloxacin (50 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h) or control solution (1 mL of water, PO, q 24 h) administration that began on day -1 were created. Funduscopic examinations were performed daily. Electroretinography (ERG) was performed before and every 2 to 3 days after the start of oral administration. Four cats/study group were euthanized on days 3, 5, and 7, and eyes were collected for light and electron microscopic evaluations. RESULTS: Neurologic, funduscopic, and ERG abnormalities were evident only in cats administered enrofloxacin. Funduscopic changes (granular appearance or graying of the area centralis) were noticed on or before day 3 (after only 3 days of enrofloxacin administration), with subsequent similar changes along the visual streak. Vascular attenuation (between days 2 and 4) and generalized tapetal hyperreflectivity (between days 5 and 7) followed. Reduction in b-wave ERG amplitude preceded funduscopic changes. Morphologic changes in the photoreceptor layers correlated with duration of enrofloxacin administration, with generalized degenerative changes evident after 3 doses. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The study indicated that a high dose of enrofloxacin (50 mg/kg/d, PO) induced retinal and systemic changes. Enrofloxacin at 10 times the recommended dosage is acutely toxic to the outer retina of clinically normal cats.  相似文献   

20.
BACKGROUND: Ineffective clearance of Ehrlichia canis after doxycycline administration has been reported despite the fact that the recommended treatment for canine ehrlichiosis is doxycycline. The effectiveness of doxycycline in clearing E canis infection from the blood and tissues of dogs requires additional evaluation. HYPOTHESIS: Doxycycline (5 mg/kg PO q12h), administered for 4 weeks, will eliminate E canis infection from the blood and tissues of experimentally infected dogs. ANIMALS: Fifteen Walker hound-mixed breed dogs were inoculated subcutaneously with E canis-infected canine histiocytic cells 4 months before doxycycline treatment. METHODS: Four dogs were treated with doxycycline (5 mg/kg PO q12h for 3 weeks), 5 dogs were treated with doxycycline at the same dosage for 4 weeks, and 5 control dogs were not treated. Dexamethasone (0.4 mg/kg i.v.) was given after treatment to precipitate recrudescence of any remaining E canis organisms. Platelet counts, anti-E canis immunofluorescent antibodies, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of E canis deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in blood and tissues were evaluated. RESULTS: E canis DNA was not detected in the blood and tissues of doxycycline-treated dogs after treatment. Platelet counts were within reference intervals, and E canis antibodies decreased. Spontaneous clearance of E canis infection occurred in 2 of 5 control dogs. Three control dogs had E canis DNA detected in blood and tissues, platelet counts remained low or within the reference interval, and E canis antibodies remained high. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: As administered in this study, doxycycline cleared E canis from the blood and tissues of experimentally infected dogs.  相似文献   

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