共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
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土壤水分特征曲线模型比较分析 总被引：22，自引：4，他引：22
在分析土壤水分特征曲线经验模型中特征参数的基础上，选取5种不同质地土壤，利用张力计测定了土壤水分特征曲线，根据实验资料确定了土壤水分特征曲线经验模型中参数，采用回归分析方法建立了参数与土壤物理特性间的函数关系，为采用土壤颗粒组成等土壤物理特性确定土壤水分特征曲线提供了指导。 相似文献
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利用两区和两流区模型模拟氯离子在黑垆土中的迁移过程 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以原状长武黑垆土为研究对象,针对不同输入方式、不同孔隙水流速条件下的氯离子溶质迁移过程,分析原状土壤中大孔隙存在条件下溶质迁移的特征,对两区模型和两流区模型的各拟合参数进行对比和分析。结果表明:大小脉冲输入条件下,氯离子浓度在试验土柱中均随穿透试验的进行呈现先增加而后降低的趋势,其峰值大小及其出现位置随孔隙水流速变化差异显著,且小脉冲输入时溶质穿透曲线较大脉冲时的不对称和拖尾现象更为显著;两流区模型相对于两区模型可较好描述氯离子的穿透曲线;两模型所得模拟参数随孔隙水流速的变化差异性较大。两模型拟合所得弥散度(λ)随孔隙水流速的变化趋势相同,但两流区模型拟合的弥散度大两区模型拟合值2个数量级。两模型拟合所得可动水含量(β)均随孔隙水流速的增加相应增加,而质量交换系数(α)值均极小。 相似文献
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在室内条件下采用垂直土柱易混置换法,研究土壤团聚体大小对非反应性溶质(Cl-)迁移的影响,并以相同直径的细砂柱作为对照,揭示土壤团聚状况对溶质迁移的影响规律。结果表明:在相同实验条件下,随着土壤团聚体直径的减小,孔隙水流速、溶液流速均减慢,在介质颗粒粒径为0.25～0.5mm时发现优势流的存在;通过分析比较土柱与砂柱的穿透曲线、运移参数,发现穿透曲线与土壤孔隙分布状况密切相关;随着土壤团聚体直径的减小,Cl-在土柱中的溶质出流推后,淋洗结束提前,水动力弥散系数(Dsh)逐渐减小,说明介质的孔隙构造是影响溶质运移的一个重要因素。 相似文献
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估计太湖地区水稻土水分特征曲线的物理-经验方法研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为寻求适于太湖地区水稻土水分特征曲线估算的简便方法,本文以实测土壤基本性质和土壤水分特征曲线为基础,对13种物理-经验方法估计土壤水分特征曲线的效果进行综合评价。结果表明,基于形状相似性的物理-经验方法预测效果要优于多数分形方法,但均差于基于Kravchenko-Zhang分维方法和B rooks-Corey水分特征曲线方程的孔隙表面分形模型(简称KZBC模型)。物理-经验方法在不同压力水头段对含水量的预测精度有差异,在实际工作中不仅要考虑模型的适用性,还要考虑其适用的压力水头范围。KZBC模型估计土壤水分特征曲线精度最高,实用性也较强,是适用于本研究区水分特征曲线估计的最佳方法。 相似文献
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羟丙基甲基纤维素作土壤改良剂对土壤溶质运移的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
羟丙基甲基纤维素(hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose,HPMC)是一种潜在的土壤改良剂,加入土壤中后具有明显的减渗效果,对缓解黄土高原水土养分的流失具有重要意义。该文通过在土壤中施加不同含量的HPMC,研究HPMC对土壤溶质迁移特性的影响。结果表明:1)HPMC质量分数在0～0.5 g/kg范围内,饱和导水率随HPMC添加量增大而逐渐减小,0.5g/kg组相比未添加HPMC的空白组降低37.3%;土壤中保守性溶质的运移速度显著降低;随HPMC添加量增加,溶质的初始和完全穿透时间明显推迟,穿透总历时延长;2)CDE方程和两区模型均能较好地模拟在土壤中添加不同含量HPMC时溶质的运移状况,2种模型的拟合曲线也均能与实测曲线较好吻合,但两区模型的模拟精度更高。3)基于两区模型的参数拟合结果,随HPMC添加量的增加,平均孔隙水流速越小,水动力弥散系数、弥散度和质量交换系数均增加,而土壤可动水体的含水量比率逐渐减少。 相似文献
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含残膜土壤水分特征曲线模型构建 总被引：12，自引：4，他引：8
农膜残留在土壤中累积后必然会改变土壤水动力学性能,导致土壤水分入渗能力下降,并严重影响土壤水和溶质运移。而土壤水分特征曲线是影响土壤水分和溶质运移的重要土壤水动力学参数,为了探索残膜对其影响机理,该文通过室内试验设置了5个不同残膜量(0、50、100、200、400 kg/hm2)处理,研究了残膜对土壤水分特征曲线的影响,构建了残膜条件下土壤水分特征曲线模型(soil water characteristic curve with residual plastic film,RPF-SWCC),并对其性能进行了评价。结果表明:随着土壤中残膜量增多,土壤保水能力逐渐呈降低趋势;且低吸力段(主要排大孔隙土壤水)的当量孔径体积占比增大,而高吸力段(主要排中小孔隙土壤水)的当量孔径体积占比则减小,其中400 kg/hm2残膜含量处理比无膜处理大孔隙当量孔径占比增大近20%。对RPF-SWCC模型参数估计,显示随残膜量增加土壤饱和含水率呈降低趋势,且RPF-SWCC模型拟合精度总体上高于van Genuchten(VG)、Brooks-Corey(BC)及Log normal distribution(LND)常用土壤水分特征曲线模型;对高残膜量处理,RPF-SWCC模型的均方根误差,几何平均数及决定系数R2均优于常用模型,且200、400 kg/hm2残膜含量处理RPF-SWCC模型的均方根误差比VG模型分别降低了24.3%和65.0%,可见构建的RPF-SWCC模型能较好地应用于含残膜土壤的水分特征曲线拟合。该研究可为农膜残留地区水分迁移模拟以及水肥高效利用提供理论依据和技术支撑。 相似文献
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科尔沁沙地土壤水分特征曲线传递函数的构建与评估 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
为了快速准确的获取某一区域的水力性质,该文以科尔沁沙地典型沙丘-草甸相间地区为研究区,在对该区49个不同地貌类型采样点土壤水分特征曲线与土壤基本物理化学特性参数测试分析的基础上,采用函数参数非线性规划法构建了土壤干容重、粒径分布、有机质、pH值、电导率值等基本参数与水分特征曲线之间的传递函数,并进行了精度评估与分析。结果表明:1)研究区土壤水分特征曲线的坡度陡峭,不同地貌类型与土地利用方式下,土壤水分特征曲线有较大差异,相同负压下,土壤持水量按照流动沙丘-半固定沙丘-固定沙丘-农田-草甸的顺序递增;土壤的供水能力按照流动沙丘-半固定沙丘-固定沙丘-草甸-农田的顺序递减;2)利用土壤基本物化特性参数通过函数参数非线性规划法建立了研究区土壤水分特征曲线的传递函数,干容重和砂粒含量是预测土壤水分特征曲线模型参数的主要变量,增加土壤的理化指标可以提高预测精度,然而有机质含量、pH值、电导率值对本区土壤水分常数的影响并不大,对水分特征曲线模型3个参数的影响略微增加;3)通过对传递函数的检验与精度评估分析,各参数的平均误差均在0附近;饱和含水率、残余含水率的均方根误差分别为0.017、0.023;土壤水分常数的相关系数在0.95附近,饱和含水率、残余含水率的误差比的几何标准偏分别为1.04、1.27。表明所建土壤水分特征曲线传递函数的精度较高,可用于该区土壤水分特性研究。该研究可为该区水分、溶质运移、水-热-盐耦合运移模拟提供技术支持和理论保证。 相似文献
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基于CT数字图像的土壤孔隙分形特征研究 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
通过CT扫描获得了河南封丘地区3种不同质地潮土样本的高精度图像,利用数字图像分析方法识别出土壤孔隙及其轮廓线,然后用计盒法确定了表征土壤孔隙形态不规则性的分形维数.在此基础上,通过不同形式的分形模型预测了土壤水分特征曲线.结果表明,河南封丘地区不同质地潮土的孔隙分形维数(包括面积和轮廓线分维)差异不明显;预测水分特征曲线时,针对不同质地的土壤选择适宜的分形模型才能得到较好的模拟结果. 相似文献
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边界层方法是描述土壤溶质迁移的简单方法,通过边界层距离与时间的关系可以估计溶质迁移参数。基于边界层方法,研究了土壤溶质迁移的数学模拟及相应参数估计问题。假定土壤溶质浓度剖面为指数函数,得到了描述溶质浓度分布的指数函数模型。各参数对边界层距离的影响分析表明,应选取较小的孔隙水流速度、短历时推求土壤溶质迁移参数;对不同模型预测土壤溶质分布进行比较,结果表明,在短距离处指数型解与精确解的误差比其它都要小。误差分析表明了指数函数模型的有效性和实用性。 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(22):2935-2946
The concern for groundwater pollution by agrichemicals through solute movement within the soil is widespread. Zeolite is a type of soil amendment that is utilized to improve physical properties of soil and ameliorate polluted soil. The high negative charge of the zeolite and its open space structure allows adsorption and access of heavy metals and other cations and anions. The objectives of this research were (i) to determine the effects of different application rates of zeolite (0, 2, 4, and 8 g kg?1) on the immobile water content and mass exchange coefficient in a loam soil and then (ii) to determine the effects of optimum application rate of zeolite on the immobile water content and mass exchange coefficient of sandy loam and clay loam soils in saturated conditions by a mobile and immobile (MIM) model. In a disturbed soil column, a method was proposed for determination of MIM model parameters, that is, immobile water content (θim), mass exchange coefficient (α), and hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient (Dh). Breakthrough curves were obtained for different soil textures with different zeolite applications in three replicates, by miscible displacement of chloride (Cl?1) in disturbed soil column. Cl?1 breakthrough curves were evaluated in terms of the MIM model. The results showed that the pore water velocity calculated based on the total soil volumetric water content (θim+ θm) and real pore water velocity calculated based on the mobile water content (θm) increased in the loam soil with an increase in zeolite application rate, so that, between these different rates of zeolite application, the maximum value of pore water velocity and real pore water velocity occurred at zeolite application rates of 8.6 and 11.5 g kg?1, which are indicated as the optimum application rates. However, the comparison between different soils showed that the zeolite application rate of 8 g kg?1 could increase pore water velocity of sandy loam and loam soils by 31% more than that of clay loam soil. The immobile water content and mass exchange coefficient of loam soil were correlated with the zeolite application rate and reduced with an increase in the rate of applied zeolite. In a comparison between different soils at zeolite application rate of 8 g kg?1, the immobile water contents of the zeolite-treated soil decreased by 57%, 60%, and 39% on sandy loam, loam, and clay loam soils, respectively, compared with the untreated soil. Furthermore, zeolite application could reduce mass exchange coefficient by 9%, 43%, and 21% on sandy loam, loam, and clay loam soils, respectively. A positive linear relationship was found between θim and α. Zeolite application increased real pore water velocity of sandy loam soil by 39% and 46% compared with loam and clay loam soils, respectively. In other studies there was a decrease in ammonium and nitrate leaching due to the zeolite application, and therefore, an increase in real pore water velocity due to zeolite application in sandy loam soil, as compared with the loam and clay loam soils, may not show more rapid movement of solute and agrichemicals to the groundwater. 相似文献
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A transfer‐function method is proposed to determine transport parameters from solute breakthrough data. The method is based on the assumptions that a linear process governs the transport of solute through soil and that the soil is homogeneous. It needs breakthrough data at two different vertical locations from a pulse input of solute to the soil. The method predicts the response by convoluting the input with the transfer function in the time domain. Solute breakthrough data were measured in unsaturated soil columns by time‐domain reflectometry (TDR). An experimental soil column was placed over a supporting column filled with sandy soil. A constant hanging water table, maintained in the lower column, created suction in the upper column and maintained unsaturated conditions. A solution of calcium chloride (CaCl2) was spread over the soil in the upper column during steady flow of water in the column. Resident concentrations of solute in terms of electrical conductivity were measured at two depths by TDR sensors. We analysed breakthrough curves of CaCl2 in 81 experiments to determine the transport parameters in coarse sand, sandy loam soil and clay loam soil by the transfer‐function method. The transport parameters obtained were compared with those determined by the widely used deterministic equilibrium model of the CXTFIT program. The transfer‐function method provided a better fit between the measured and estimated breakthrough curves in almost all cases and resulted in stable values of the parameters. The method is robust against small errors in measurements. It is a mathematically sound and efficient method for analysing breakthrough data. 相似文献
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The relative mobility of pyrithiobac [sodium 2-chloro-6-(4, 6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-ylthio)benzoate], a new herbicide used for postemergence control of broadleaf weeds in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), was evaluated and compared against that of bromide (Br(-)) tracer on four soils representative of cotton-growing regions using intact soil columns under saturated flow conditions. Pyrithiobac breakthrough curves were asymmetrical in shape with significant tailing and displaced to the left of 1 pore volume in the Houston Black clay (fine, montmorillonitic, thermic Udic Pellustert), Orelia fine sandy clay loam (fine-loamy, mixed, hyperthermic Typic Ochraqualfs), and Ships silty clay (very-fine, mixed, thermic Udic Chromustert) soils. Breakthrough of pyrithiobac in the Hidalgo sandy loam soil (fine-loamy, mixed, hyperthermic Typic Calciustoll) was delayed and more symmetrical, with peak pyrithiobac concentration reached after 1.2 pore volumes. The immobile pore water (IPW) fractions estimated from the Br(-) breakthrough curves ranged from 20 to 87% of total pore water. The IPW values demonstrated that soils with the greatest amount of IPW (Ships with IPW = 87.3%) exhibited the most rapid movement of pyrithiobac (peak concentration after 0.04 pore volume). The experimentally determined pyrithiobac breakthrough curves confirmed the high mobility of this herbicide in these alkaline and predominantly smectitic soils. These results indicate that pyrithiobac mobility was influenced by soil type and preferential flow processes when leached through intact soil columns. 相似文献
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The performance of a functional leaching model (Hall, 1993) is compared with leaching data from two lysimeter experiments with soils of contrasting texture using sodium bromide and potassium chloride as the non-reactive solutes. The model parameters are optimized using the solute elution curves as standards and compared with the physical properties of the soil. A good match with the measured discharge of both water and solute was achieved for both soils using the moisture release characteristics to define the pore volume available for mobile and immobile water. The results indicate that preferential flow takes place through even coarse-textured soils but that there is negligible diffusive exchange of solute between water passing through the macropores and the rest of the soil. 相似文献
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阿特拉津在饱和砂质壤土中非平衡运移的模拟 总被引：8，自引：4，他引：8
针对农药阿特拉津在稳定流场饱和砂质壤土中的运移 ,根据平衡与非平衡假设条件下对流—弥散方程数学模型的解析解 ,基于易混合置换实验获得的阿特拉津和示踪溶质Br- 的穿透曲线及批量平衡法求得的阻滞因子 ,应用CXTFIT 2 0软件 ,通过拟合土柱实验中溶质的出流浓度变化 ,估算了模型的有关参数 ,在此基础上模拟分析了实验土柱不同埋深处阿特拉津的出流浓度和累积淋溶量动态 ,结果表明 ,化学非平衡的两点模型对本文实验条件下阿特拉津运移的仿真具有较高的精度 相似文献