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为给小麦抗旱蛋白质组学研究提供技术支撑,以两个抗旱性不同的冬小麦品种周麦18和晋麦47三叶期幼苗为材料,比较分析了PEG胁迫处理后两种不同蛋白质提取方法TCA/丙酮法和磷酸钠缓冲液研磨法对IEF/SDSPAGE双向电泳的影响,并在IPG胶条pH范围、蛋白质上样量和SDSPAGE胶浓度等方面进行了探索与优化。结果表明,采用TCA/丙酮法提取叶片全蛋白,选用17 cm、pH 4~7的IPG线性胶条,在上样量为150 μg·胶条-1,以及12%SDSPAGE胶浓度下进行双向凝胶电泳,蛋白质能够更好地被分离,2DE图谱上可分辨出约400个蛋白点。利用该体系比较了PEG胁迫后两个品种双向电泳图谱的差异,周麦18有9个蛋白点存在差异,其中5个下调表达,4个上调表达(3个新诱导表达);晋麦47有5个蛋白点存在差异,均上调表达(1个新诱导表达)。 相似文献
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为了从蛋白质水平进一步揭示小麦抗旱机理,以旱地小麦品种晋麦47为试验材料,采用蛋白质双向电泳技术,结合质谱鉴定技术,研究幼苗在正常供水与水分胁迫(-0.5 MPa的PEG-6000溶液处理48h)后叶片蛋白质组表达谱间的差异,分析水分胁迫差异表达的蛋白种类及其功能.研究发现,在正常供水和水分胁迫处理两种条件下,幼苗叶片蛋白的双向电泳图谱均可重复检测到850个蛋白点;31个蛋白点在两种供水水平间表达量存在显著差异,其中17个蛋白点在水分胁迫处理下表达量明显增加,14个蛋白点表达量明显减少.对这些蛋白点进行肽指纹图谱分析,并利用Mascot软件在NCBInr数据库搜索,最终有26个蛋白点被成功鉴定;其中,未知功能蛋白7个;已知功能蛋白19个,主要涉及能量、代谢、抗病与防御、细胞结构、转录与翻译以及信号转导等功能类别.结果表明,小麦体内的多个代谢及调控途径参与了对干旱的应激反应.最后,本文还对鉴定到的差异蛋白点与水分胁迫的关系进行了分析和讨论. 相似文献
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为了在基因和蛋白表达水平上研究小麦的慢条锈性机制,运用双向电泳技术分析了条锈菌侵染的2个小麦品种(川麦107和80-8)的对照和发病14 d叶片的差异表达蛋白,从2-D图谱上找到9个差异表达蛋白,其中点P5是在接种并发病的川麦107中新诱导出的一个差异蛋白质.通过基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱技术(MALDI-TOF-MS)获得6个蛋白质的肽指纹图谱(PMF),数据库搜索鉴定出2个蛋白质.这2个蛋白质是磷酸核酮糖激酶(Phosphoribulokinase,PRK)和脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(Dehydroascorbate reductase,DHAR). 相似文献
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孕穗期水稻不同功能叶的发育蛋白质组学分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
从蛋白质组学角度对杂交水稻汕优63孕穗期4个叶位功能叶片蛋白质组变化进行了研究,以揭示水稻孕穗期叶片蛋白质组的表达差异。4个不同时期功能叶片蛋白质经双向电泳得到分离,应用Imagemaster 2D Elite 5.0软件对所得到的双向电泳图谱进行分析比较,共得到差异表达蛋白质点23个,差异表达蛋白质点经质谱分析,有14个得到鉴定。对鉴定出的蛋白功能进行研究,结果表明:差异表达的蛋白质大部分(9个)为参与光合作用和呼吸作用的蛋白质;其次为与蛋白结构及功能调控相关的蛋白质(3个),表达量表现为随叶位上升而上调;其余为参与氨基酸代谢的蛋白质(2个),表达量在较低叶位叶片中无显著规律,在剑叶中的表达量显著上调。蛋白质是细胞功能执行者,受细胞功能或细胞环境变化的影响,因此,上述蛋白质发生变化的原因应与水稻不同叶位叶片生长发育特性有关。 相似文献
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为了解野生二粒小麦响应干旱胁迫的调控机制,分析了干旱胁迫下小麦根的相对含水量、丙二醛、脯氨酸和过氧化氢含量,采用双向电泳(2-DE)结合MALDI-TOF-TOF-MS方法分离和鉴定了野生二粒小麦根中干旱响应蛋白的变化。结果表明,随着干旱处理时间的延长,野生二粒小麦根的相对含水量下降,脯氨酸含量先上升后降低,过氧化氢含量和丙二醛含量上升;复水后的野生二粒小麦根的相对含水量、脯氨酸含量有所升高,但未达到对照的水平。通过对干旱处理6d后根系的总蛋白进行双向电泳分离和MALDI-TOFTOF生物质谱鉴定,成功鉴定出26个差异表达蛋白,13个上调表达,13个下调表达。26个差异表达蛋白的功能主要涉及信号传导、氧化解毒、碳代谢、能量代谢、蛋白质生物合成及细胞骨架稳定。推测野生二粒小麦为适应干旱胁迫,通过根部感应胁迫信号,并传导至细胞内,影响小麦根中蛋白质的生物合成、氨基酸代谢、碳水化合物代谢、细胞骨架形成;通过抗氧化酶系统和抗氧化物质的作用,将过多活性氧加以清除;通过增加胞内脯氨酸含量,降低根中水分损失。 相似文献
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为从蛋白组学角度认识小麦抗白粉病机制,以含有抗白粉病新基因Pm40的小麦品系L699为材料,采用蛋白质双向电泳和质谱技术(MALDI-TOF-MS)检测小麦叶片接种白粉菌24h后的差异蛋白。结果表明,经PDQuest软件分析,接种白粉菌后小麦叶片中有18个蛋白质斑点表达量上调,38个蛋白质斑点表达量下调。对表达量上调的蛋白质斑点进行质谱分析和数据库检索,共鉴定出15种蛋白质,其中13种参与防御反应、碳水化合物代谢和蛋白质周转。这些差异蛋白与抗病途径、植株生理过程密切相关,在小麦抗白粉病过程中起很重要的作用。 相似文献
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为了解干旱胁迫对小麦籽粒灌浆期蛋白表达的影响,以强筋优质小麦品种藁城8901为材料,采用双向电泳以及质谱鉴定分析了干旱胁迫和正常生长条件下成熟籽粒清蛋白和球蛋白表达谱的差异。结果表明,与正常生长条件相比,干旱胁迫后,小麦籽粒出现130个差异蛋白质点。通过MALDI TOF-TOF质谱鉴定和数据库搜索,最终成功鉴定出57个差异蛋白,其中上调表达29个,下调表达19个,特异表达7个,沉默表达2个;涉及ADP-葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶、α-淀粉酶抑制剂、过氧化还原酶、β-淀粉酶、二硫键异构酶、丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂、超氧化物歧化酶等13种蛋白质,其中代谢类10个,能量类2个,蛋白质加工和储藏6个,病害防御相关17个,转录1个,功能未知和假定蛋白21个。说明干旱胁迫影响小麦籽粒灌浆期的多个代谢途径,进而影响小麦产量和品质。 相似文献
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La对UV - B辐射下大豆幼苗 NRA和可溶性蛋白的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在温室模拟增强紫外辐射UV - B (280～320nm)环境下,研究镧(La)对UV - B胁迫下大豆幼苗叶片硝 酸还原酶活性(Nitrate reductase activity,NRA) 、可溶性蛋白、淀粉和可溶性糖含量的影响。结果显示,高低两个紫 外强度剂量下,叶片NRA较对照组都有显著下降,处理5d后降幅分别达到40. 9%和42. 0%;而经过适宜浓度 LaCl3 (20mg/L)预处理后,降幅较UV - B单独处理组均有明显升高,分别为39. 2%和38. 9%。蛋白质、淀粉和可溶 性糖含量变化与NRA相似,但是紫外辐射处理组蛋白含量变化较对照组呈现先升高后下降趋势。结果表明适宜 浓度的La3 +能够促进NRA以及UV - B胁迫下NRA活性的提高,缓解UV - B胁迫对植物的伤害。 相似文献
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大气CO2浓度倍增及UV B辐射对冬小麦幼苗生长发育及抗氧化特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为给未来气候环境下小麦育种和栽培提供依据,以鲁麦14为材料,在人工模拟条件下研究了大气CO2浓度倍增和UVB辐射对冬小麦幼苗生长发育和抗氧化特性的影响。结果显示,大气CO2浓度倍增可增加冬小麦株高、比叶重、地上部干重和分蘖数,显著提高抗氧化酶活性和类黄酮含量,降低了细胞膜透性;而高剂量的UVB处理效应与此相反。在高CO2浓度和UVB复合处理下,CO2倍增通过提高抗氧化酶活性,增加类黄酮含量,修复膜过氧化损害,明显减缓由高剂量UVB辐射对冬小麦的不利影响,有利于小麦幼苗生长发育。说明高浓度CO2可以缓解UVB辐射对冬小麦幼苗生长产生的负效应。 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献
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Résumé
Fusarium culmorum et, dans une moindre mesure,F. avenaceum, F. sambucinum, Colletotrichum coccodes etCylindrocarpon sp. ont été isolés de tubercules entreposés en atmosphère contr?lée (AC) et atteints de pourriture grave. Des expériences
d'inoculation de tubercules avec 10 espèces ou variétés fongiques et conservation en AC à 8 et 10°C ont montré que: 1) les
champignons non pathogènes en atmosphère normale (ex.:Cylindrocarpon sp.) le devenaient en AC, 2) ceux qui étaient faiblement pathogènes en atmosphère normale étaient nettement plus virulents
en AC (ex.:F. culmorum), 3) les espèces ou variétés virulentes en conditions d'air normales (Fusarium sulphureum etPhoma exigua var.foveata) ne provoquaient pas de pourriture plus grave en AC et leur activité pouvait même être légérement freinée.
Summary The extensive rotting of tubers which occurred during storage trials in controlled atmospheres has led to a mycological and pathological study of the rots. The most frequently isolated species wasFusarium culmorum althoughF. avenaceum, F. Sambucinum, Coletotrichum coccodes and aCylindrocarpon sp. were also present. Tubers of cvs Bintje and Ulla were inoculated with 19 isolates of 10 fungal species or varieties associated with rotting of stored tubers (Table 1). The tubers were incubated at 8 or 10°C in normal or controlled (2% O2:1% CO2, 2% O2:6% CO2, 2% O2:12% CO2, 6% O2:6% CO2) atmospheres and the extent of rotting was determined a month later (Tables 2 and 3 and Fig. 2). Species which were weakly virulent in a normal atmosphere (variousFusarium spp. andPhoma exigua var.exigua) were clearly more aggressive in the controlled atmosphere and this was especially evident in the case ofF. culmorum. Species ot pathogenic in a normal atmosphere under experimental conditions (Colletotrichum coccodes, Cylindrocarpon sp.,Phoma eupyrena) caused rotting in the controlled atmosphere. The two species which were virulent in a normal atmosphere (F. sulphureum andP. exigua var.foveata) were also virulent in the controlled atmosphere and in some cases the extent of rotting was even less. As a general rule, rotting caused by weakly virulent fungi was greater in both cultivars in the controlled than in a normal atmosphere.
Zusammenfassung Eine starke F?ulnis von in Kontrotrollierter Atmosph?re gelagerten Kartoffelknollen veranlasste eine mykologische und pathologische Untersuchung. Der am h?ufigsten isolierte Pilz warFusarium culmorum. F. avenaceum, F. sambucinum, Colletotrichum coccodes undCylindrocarpon sp. wurden ebenfalls bestimmt. Neunzehn St?mme von 10 Pilzsorten oder-Arten welche bei Lagerf?ulnis vorkommen (Tab. 1) wurden auf Knollen der Sorten Bintje und Ulla inokuliert. Die Lagerung wurde bei 8 oder 10°C under Normalbedingungen oder kontrollierter Atmosph?re durchgeführt (2% O2:1% CO2, 2% O2:6% CO2, 2% O2:12% CO2, 6% O2:6% CO2). Der F?ulnisgrad (Abb. 1) wurde nach einem Monat bonitiert. Die Ergebnisse sind in den Tabellen 2 und 3 dargestellt und in der Abb. 2 illustriert. Unter in Normalbedingungen nur schwach virulente Arten (verschiedeneFusarien undPhoma exigua var. exigua) waren deutlich aktiver in kontrollierter Atmosph?re. Dies was besonders der Fall fürF. culmorum. Pilze, die im Versuch unter Normalbedingungen nicht pathogen waren (Colletotrichum coccodes, Cylindrocarpon sp., Phoma eupyrena), haben unter kontrollierter Atmosph?re Sch?den verursacht. Hingegen werden die beiden unter Normalbedingungen sehr pathogenen Arten (F. sulphureum undP., exigua var.foveata), durch kontrollierte Atmosph?re wenig beeinflusst. Es wurde sogar in einigen F?llen eine gewisse Verringerung des F?ulnisbefalls beobachtet. Ganz allgemein haben die getesteten kontrollierten Bedingungen die Entwicklung der Pilzf?ulnis an beiden Kartoffelsorten gef?rdert, speziell durch Pilzarten, welche unter Normal-bedingungen wenig Sch?den verursachen.相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
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Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
20.
Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献