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1.
Benigna V. Roxas Carmen Ll. Intengan Dr. Bienvenido O. Juliano 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1980,30(3-4):213-222
A six-month feeding trial was undertaken in a children's home in Manila on three groups of 27 preschool Filipino children, each on a diet in which rice contributed about 50% of the energy. Total zinc intake of 4–6 mg daily was obtained from analyses of food composites of the institutional diet. Supplementation of this diet with 5 mg zinc and substitution of high-protein (10.4%) rice for average-protein rice (~7.4%) together resulted in significantly faster height and weight increases in the experimental group than in the control group. Zinc supplementation alone, however, did not improve the growth of the children. 相似文献
2.
C. W. Miles C. E. Bodwell E. Morris J. A. Ziyad E. S. Prather W. Mertz J. J. Canary 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1987,37(4):341-359
The effect of long-term consumption, under practical conditions, of beef extended with soy protein on serum zinc levels of men, women and children was studied. Fifty-two families were randomly assigned to consume for 180 days 1 of 7 beef products: all beef, beef extended with either soy isolate, soy concentrate or soy flour (20% reconstituted soy product, 80% beef), or beef extended with each of the 3 soy products fortified with 60 mg Fe and 25 mg Zn/100g protein. The beef product was consumed by the subjects as their principal source of protein for 1 meal a day (children 1–8 yrs) or 1–2 meals a day (11 per week) for adult men and women. A control group consumed their usual self-selected diet. Diet records (4-day) of all foods and beverages consumed by the subjects were obtained pre-study and 63±7 and 126±7 days for calculation of nutrient intakes. No deleterious effects were found on the serum zinc levels when subjects consumed beef extended with soy protein for 180 days.Mention of a trademark or proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may also be suitable. 相似文献
3.
为明确花生高产高效适宜的磷-锌配施模式及其可能机制,通过田间试验,研究了不同施锌方式下外源磷对花生根系形态、叶绿素含量及产量的影响。结果表明：与对照相比,施磷促进了花生根系和地上部生长,提高了叶片叶绿素含量,增加了产量及产量构成因素,P45、P90、P135和P180处理的产量分别比不施磷（P0）平均增加36.8%、60.7%、48.3%和39.2%。不同施锌方式对花生根系形态特征和地上部营养生长指标无显著影响,但对单株饱果数、单株饱果重和叶片叶绿素含量影响显著,叶面喷锌（Znf）和土壤施锌（Zns）处理的花生产量分别比不施锌平均增加6.4%和10.1%,表明土壤施锌方式增产效果较好。施锌方式与施磷量交互效应对花生根系和地上部生长、产量及产量构成因素无显著影响,各指标在ZnsP90处理达到最大。综上,在砂姜黑土区花生生产上,土壤施用90kg P2O5/hm2配合30 kg ZnSO4·7H2O /hm2改善了花生根系形态特征,提高了光合特性,是利于花生生长发育和高产的适宜磷肥和锌肥施用方式。 相似文献
4.
Phytase activity, phytate, iron, and zinc contents in wheat pearling fractions and their variation across production locations 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Z.H. Liu H.Y. Wang X.E. Wang G.P. Zhang P.D. Chen D.J. Liu 《Journal of Cereal Science》2007,45(3):319-326
Pearling is an effective method for evaluating the distribution of chemical components in wheat grain. Twelve pearling fractions (P1–P12) of wheat grain were obtained using two rice polishers for 10 cultivars (six soft red wheats and four hard white wheats) grown at two locations with different environmental conditions in Jiangsu Province, China. The results show that the effects of cultivar, location, and pearling on wheat flour phytase activity, phytate, iron, and zinc contents were all significant, with pearling having the greatest effect. All the four components showed a diminishing trend as pearling progressed from the outer layers to the inner part of wheat grain. Generally, the P2 fraction (the outer 4–8% layer of wheat grain) had the highest phytase activity and phytate and iron contents, whereas the P1 fraction (the outer 0–4% layer) ranked the highest for zinc content. Growing location had a large influence on grain phytase, phytate, and iron, but the differences between locations decreased as pearling level increased. 相似文献
5.
N. Snehalatha Reddy Chhaya V. Sondge T. N. Khan 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1993,44(3):241-247
A pot-culture experiment was conducted to assess the bioavailability of iron from spinach cultivated in soil fortified with graded levels of iron and zinc (FeSO4 . 7H20 and ZnSO4 . 7H20, respectively). Applications of varying levels of iron to soil increased the total iron and phosphorus contents and decreased the zinc content (P<0.05). The effect of applying varying levels of zinc was the opposite of on the minerals in spinach. The ascorbic acid content was remarkably reduced with varying levels of iron and zinc. Higher levels of zinc and lower levels of iron in the soil increased the bioavailability of iron from spinach (P<0.05). In conclusion, the interactions of 15 ppm zinc with 30 ppm iron significantly enhanced the bioavailability of iron, total iron and zinc contents. 相似文献
6.
测土推荐施锌对水稻产量结构及土壤有效养分的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用土壤养分状况系统研究法(ASI法),在海丰农场的海涂滩地上通过小区和田间试验研究了水稻测土推荐施锌量对水稻产量结构、土壤有效锌及其他土壤养分含量的影响。施锌处理的水稻成穗数、每穗粒数、千粒重和产量均比对照极显著地增加(P<0.01),并且都是在推荐施锌量(15 kg/hm2)条件下最高,其产量比对照提高了16.9%,但当锌施用量超过推荐施用量,即22.5 kg/hm2时,水稻产量结构性能均降低,且与推荐的施锌处理间具有显著差异(P<0.05)。随施锌量的增加,水稻植株和籽粒的含锌量均增加,成熟期提前,且处理间差异显著。土壤有效Zn和NH4+的残留量也是随施锌量的增加而增加,但土壤有效P、K、Ca、Mg却随施锌量的增加而减少,而土壤其他有效养分(S、B、Cu、Fe、Mn)及土壤有机质、pH不受锌施用量影响。推荐的施锌量处理土壤残留有效锌含量为1.83 mg/L,没有发现对水稻产生毒害现象。可以认为,利用ASI法进行测土推荐施锌,不仅能够改善水稻产量结构,而且对土壤环境不会产生污染。 相似文献
7.
在氮、磷、钾肥用量处于最佳施肥量,土壤有效锌含量1.0-1.5 mg/kg试验条件下,水稻增施锌肥后,成穗数、每穗实粒数、千粒重、株高、穗长等均有不同程度的增加,产量明显提高,以施硫酸锌22.5 kg/hm^2的处理最高,平均比不施锌处理增产12.7%。不同类型土壤表现一致,但潮土施锌增产幅度明显高于水稻土,且以成穗数增加为主,水稻土处理每穗粒数明显高于潮土处理。通过回归分析,水稻适宜施锌量为21.5-23.0 kg/hm^2,产量可达9 300-9 800 kg/hm^2。水稻土壤有效锌临界值指标1.48 mg/kg。 相似文献
8.
9.
To explore the zinc stress response in eddo, plants were grown for 15 d in hydroponic solutions containing 1 (control), 200, and 1000 μM zinc, and the hydathode function and changes in the contents of various elements in these plants were investigated. Under 1000 μM zinc, the dry weights of leaf blades and roots are decreased by 17 and 42%, respectively. The zinc contents in leaf blades, petioles, corms, and roots increased with increasing zinc levels in the solution. The zinc content in roots was 6.57 mg g?1 dry weight, which was 2.8–4.3 times higher than in other plant parts under 1000 μM zinc. These results demonstrate that the severe root damage occurring under 1000 μM zinc is due to higher zinc content in the roots. Under zinc stress, the contents of iron and copper in roots increased, but the contents of magnesium and calcium in petioles, corms, and roots, iron in leaf blades and corms, and manganese in petioles and corms decreased. In the guttation fluid, the concentrations of zinc, magnesium, and potassium increased, while the iron concentration decreased under 1000 μM zinc. Thus, elemental changes occurred in the guttation fluid as well as in different plant parts in eddo. In the 200 and 1000 μM zinc treatments, the amount of zinc eliminated via guttation was 2.8 and 8.5 times higher, respectively, than in the control. The results indicate that guttation partly contributes to the excretion of excess zinc under zinc stress conditions. 相似文献
10.
P. Udayasekhara Rao Y. G. Deosthale 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1988,38(1):35-41
White and brown ragi (Eleusine coracana) varieties were analysed for tannin, phytate phosphorus, total phosphorus, iron, ionisable iron, zinc and soluble zinc content. White ragi had no detectable tannin while in brown varieties it ranged from 351 to 2392 mg per 100 g. Germination brought about a progressive decrease in tannin and phytate phosphorus and an increase in ionisable ion and soluble zinc content of grain ragi. Both in raw and germinated grain, ionizable iron was significantly higher in white than in brown varieties. While ionisable iron was inversely correlated with the level of tannin and phytate phosphorus, soluble zinc was negatively correlated with phytate phosphorus. After extraction of tannin, ionisable iron of brown ragi rose by 85%. On the other hand, in white varieties, addition of tannin extracted from brown ragi, resulted in a 52–65% decrease in ionisable iron content. These studies indicated that poor iron availability in ragi as judged by its low ionisable iron content was due to the presence of tannin in the grain. 相似文献
11.
Julie Joy H. Siscar-Lee Bienvenido O. Juliano Riaz H. Qureshi Muhammad Akbar 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1990,40(1):31-36
Four varieties of rice, differing in salinity tolerance and grown in saline soil (electrical conductivity 5–6 dS/m) at Sadhoke, Punjab, Pakistan, had lighter grain and higher Na content than control samples. Grains of three out of the four rices grown on saline soils had higher brown rice protein (higher nutritional value), less translucent grain, lower starch and amylose content, and lower K than their control samples, but these differences were not related to salinity tolerance. Alkali spreading value and gel consistency were not affected by culture in saline soil. Cooked rice Instron hardness increased in saline culture in two higher-protein samples of the four rices. Amylograph peak viscosity was suppressed by saline culture. 相似文献
12.
G．CHANDEL S．BANERJEE S．SEE R．MEENA D．J．SHARMA S．B．VERULKAR 《水稻科学》2010,17(3):213-227
Deposition of protein and metal ions (Fe, Zn) in rice grains is a complex polygenic trait showing considerable environmental effect. To analyze the effect of nitrogen application levels and native soil properties on rice grain protein, iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) contents, 32 rice genotypes were grown at three different locations each under 80 and 120 kg/hm2 nitrogen fertilizer applications. In treatments with nitrogen fertilizer application, the brown rice grain protein content (GPC) increased significantly (1.1% to 7.0%) under higher nitrogen fertilizer application (120 kg/hm2) whereas grain Fe/Zn contents showed non-significant effect of nitrogen application level, thus suggesting that the rate of uptake and translocation of macro-elements does not influence the uptake and translocation of micro-elements. The pH, organic matter content and inherent Fe/Zn levels of native soil showed significant effects on grain Fe and Zn contents of all the rice genotypes. Grain Zn content of almost all the tested rice genotypes was found to increase at Location III having loamy soil texture, neutral pH value (pH 6.83) and higher organic matter content than the other two locations (Locations I and II), indicating significant influence of native soil properties on brown rice grain Zn content while grain Fe content showed significant genotype × environment interaction effect. Genotypic difference was found to be the most significant factor to affect grain Fe/Zn contents in all the tested rice genotypes, indicating that although native soil properties influence phyto-availability of micronutrients and consequently influencing absorption, translocation and grain deposition of Fe/Zn ions, yet genetic makeup of a plant determines its response to varied soil conditions and other external factors. Two indica rice genotypes R-RF-31 (27.62 μg/g grain Zn content and 7.80% GPC) and R1033-968-2-1 (30.05 μg/g grain Zn content and 8.47% GPC) were identified as high grain Zn and moderate GPC rice genotypes. These results indicate that soil property and organic matter content increase the availability of Fe and Zn in rhizosphere, which in turn enhances the uptake, translocation and redistribution of Fe/Zn into rice grains. 相似文献
13.
为了解水稻耐低锌能力基因型差异的生理机制及F1杂种的耐低锌能力以提高水稻锌效率,解决水稻锌缺乏问题,选用耐低锌基因型水稻IR8192、IR36,锌敏感基因型水稻Ce 64、IR26及杂交后代IR36×IR8192、IR36×IR26和Ce 64×IR26为材料,进行低锌(pZn2+ 11.0)和正常锌(pZn2+ 9.7)营养液培养。结果表明：1)亲本和F1幼苗的株高,叶鞘高,地上部和地下部干质量及锌含量,叶片的叶绿素含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量在pZn2+ 11.0与pZn2+ 9.7条件下的相对值可作为耐低锌基因型水稻的筛选指标;2)在低锌条件下所有亲本及F1各项指标变化趋势相同,但IR8192、IR36、IR36×IR8192、IR36×IR26的叶绿素含量、SOD酶活性降幅较小,POD、CAT、APX活性升幅较大,MDA含量升幅较小,表明上述基因型水稻的耐低锌能力更强。 低锌胁迫下POD、CAT、APX活性增强,可以更有效地清除活性氧,SOD活性则最先下降;3)除根长、APX活性外,在低锌条件下,IR36×IR8192、IR36×IR26各项指标变化幅度均表现出超亲优势,而Ce 64×IR26则表现出偏中亲优势,推测水稻的耐低锌特性主要受基因的显性效应控制,并存在基因的叠加效应,可以通过耐低锌亲本间的杂交获得具有更强耐低锌能力的水稻基因型。 相似文献
14.
水稻锌营养高效基因型的生理特性 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
采用HEDTA螯合缓冲营养液培养法,研究了水稻锌营养高效基因型IR34、IR36、IR8192和锌敏感基因型IR26、测64 7、碧玉早糯在不同锌离子活度（pZn2+>11.5,11.3, 11.0, 10.6, 10.3, 9.7）下的生理特性。结果表明,锌离子活度在对不同水稻基因型秧苗生理特性影响上有明显的区别,其中叶绿素含量、光合速率、MDA含量和根系H+分泌量差异比较明显。在供锌水平较低情况下,水稻锌营养高效基因型叶绿素含量下降速度慢,光合速率降低幅度小,MDA含量升高的幅度小,根系能分泌更多的H+,这些指标可以作为衡量水稻锌营养效率的指标。 相似文献
15.
A commercial starch blocker was used to study the digestin of starch (potato) in mature female rates for four weeks. Two levels of starch blocker were used. The first level was calculated to inhibit starch digestion at 50%, the second was calculated to inhibit starch digestion at 100%. No significant effects on the body weights (271.10±29, 277.7±43, 259.1±25 g) were found among the groups of rats at 0%, 50% and 100% inhibition levels, respectively. Feed intakes were not affected. However, fecal copper and zinc excretions increased significantly (p<0.05) due to the inhibitors. Fecal copper excretions were 0.468±0.14, 0.578±0.09, 0.617±0.07 mg/rat/week, while fecal zinc values were 0.625±0.14, 0.859±0.32 and 0.778±0.26 mg/rat/week when no inhibitor was fed, at 50% inhibition and at 100% inhibition respectively. Thus, while use of starch blockers did not promote weight loss in the mature female rats, utilization of copper and zinc were negatively affected.Published as Nebraska Agricultural Research Division Project Journal Series No. 8791. Supported by funds from the Nebraska Agricultural Division Project No. 91-031 and U.S.D.A. C.S.R.S. Project No. W-143. 相似文献
16.
The effects of various processing methods viz. pressure cooking with soaking, sprouting (48 h), sprouting and pressure cooking, dehulling, and pressure cooking of the dehulled legume on the bioavailability of zinc were studied. The total zinc content varied from 3.28 to 3.37%; the highestbeing in raw ricebeans and the lowest being in dehulled, soaked and pressure cooked, and sprouted and pressure cooked ricebeans, respectively. The soluble zinc content was highest for dehulled soaked and pressure cooked ricebeans (28.2%) and lowest for raw ricebeans (16.0%). The absorption, retention, and balance of zinc were estimated in rats fed experimental and standard ZnSO4 diets using a balance study. The maximum retention of zinc wasobserved in dehulled soaked, and pressure cooked diets (63.37%) followed by sprouted (48 h) and pressure cooked (61.38%) diets. The gain in body weight, total femur zinc and retention of zinc in liver, kidneys and spleen were found to be highest for rats eating the sprouted pressure cooked diet followed by the dehulled, soaked and pressure cooked diet. Plasma zinc levels were found to range from 3.81 to 6.34 mol/dl; they were maximum for rats fed the dehulled, soaked and pressure cooked diet. It can be concluded that dehulling significantly improves the availability of zinc and germination of ricebeans is the best method to enhance the zinc availability. 相似文献
17.
Protein requirements of preschool children consuming rice-milk,rice-toasted mung bean,and rice diets
Maria A. Isabel Cabrera-Santiago Carmen LL. Intengan Benigan V. Roxas Bienvenido O. Juliano Consuelo M. Perez Anacleta S. Loyola Emma R. Alejandro Jovina N. Abadilla Gracia FE B. Yu Aida C. Mallillin 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1986,36(3):167-178
Rice-milk and rice-toasted mung bean diets, and a high-protein rice (IR58 milled rice) were evaluated as part of a study on the protein requirements of toddlers consuming rice-based diets following the multilevel N balance method. Milk or mung bean contributed 1/3 of dietary N. At a daily energy intake of 418 kJ/kg body weight, weight losses were observed for all diets. The safe level of protein intakes obtained allowing 10 mg N/kg body weight/day for miscellaneous integumental losses and 15 mg N/kg body weight/day for growth was 1.11 g/kg body weight/day for the rice-milk diet and 1.34 g for the rice-mung bean diet. Preliminary data on four children indicate a safe level of protein intake of 1.44 g/kg/day for the IR58 milled rice. The protein quality of the high-protein rice as determined by the very short term N balance index on three children was 79–80% relative to milk. 相似文献
18.
Ranhotra G.S. Gelroth J.A. Leinen S.D. Bhatty R.S. 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1998,52(4):329-336
Diets containing 0, 25, 50, or 75% finely ground barley (high in soluble fiber and soluble -glucans) were fed to groups of hamsters. After four weeks, serum total cholesterol (CH) levels in these animals were most elevated in the group fed the barley-free (0% barley) diet. Compared to animals eating this diet, the 25% barley diet lowered CH by 16.4%. However, the 50% barley diet lowered CH further by only 4.1% while the 75% barley diet caused virtually no further lowering of CH. Thus, the CH-lowering response to barley cannot be viewed as a dose dependent response. The lowering pattern for serum triglycerides, however, suggested a dose dependent response. Serum total-CH: high-density-lipoprotein (HDL)-CH or low-density-lipoprotein (LDL)-CH:HDL-CH ratios were not significantly affected by barley level in the diets. 相似文献
19.
Andrianilana Fidelis Rasolo Francois Rakotonjanahary Roland Bienvenido O. Juliano Consuelo M. Perez J. C. Flinn B. B. Shahi 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1990,40(1):21-30
A survey of rice in retail markets of Madagascar with emphasis on the surplus regions of Marovoay and Lac Alaotra and the deficient area, Antananarivo City showed rices of Madagascar to be predominantly medium-long, medium-shaped, with high apparent amylose content, low gelatinization temperature, and soft, hard or medium gel consistency. Mean protein content was 7.5%. Percent white grains among red and white grains ranged from 0 to 100% (mean 56%), head rice 0–94%, translucency 6–66% and Kett whiteness 12–48%. 相似文献
20.
为探究油-稻种植制度中甘蓝型油菜秸秆对水稻的影响,研究了不同浓度（0、25%、50%和75 %）的3种油菜（沣油737、湘杂油553和中双11）秸秆水浸液处理下,五优308和C两优343两个水稻品种种子萌发和幼苗生长的情况。结果表明,与对照相比,秸秆水浸液总体增加了幼苗的苗高和鲜重,低浓度（25%）下会提高水稻种子的发芽率、发芽指数和幼苗的根长,高浓度（50%和75%）下则起抑制作用。随着浓度增加,湘杂油553的秸秆水浸液提高了五优308幼苗的可溶性蛋白含量,同时降低了其总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）和过氧化物酶（POD）活力;但对C两优343幼苗表现相反的化感作用,显著降低了其可溶性蛋白含量,而提高了其T-SOD和POD活力,25%浓度下显著降低了其丙二醛（MDA）含量。75%浓度的中双11水浸液显著提高了五优308幼苗的MDA含量,并降低了POD活力。25%浓度的沣油737显著降低了C两优343的可溶性蛋白含量而提高了T-SOD和POD活力。综合结果表明,油菜秸秆水浸液浓度越高,对水稻的化感作用越强,且不同油菜品种水浸液对不同水稻品种的化感作用存在差异,本研究中沣油737和五优308是比较适合油-稻轮作的组合。 相似文献