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1.
玉米幼胚愈伤组织的诱导和植株再生的QTL分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以黄早四和Mo17为亲本组配的239个RIL群体，构建了101个SSR标记的遗传图谱，覆盖玉米基因组1 422.7 cM，标记间的平均距离为15.6 cM。以玉米幼胚为外植体、改良N6为基本培养基，对亲本及RIL群体的组培性状进行了评价。采用复合区间作图法在第2、3、5、6、8和9染色体上定位了控制出愈率、Ⅱ型愈伤组织诱导率、绿点及绿苗分化率的8个QTL，并对其遗传效应进行了分析，其基因加性效应能解释相应性状表型方差的4.78%~14.02%。 相似文献
2.
组织培养中大葱染色体倍性变异的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用大葱茎尖分生组织直接成苗及分化丛生苗、茎盘诱导愈伤组织培养再生植株,通过染色体压片,对大葱愈伤组织及幼苗染色体数目变化进行了研究。结果表明,茎尖分生组织培养的幼苗及丛生苗遗传稳定,其染色体未发生倍性变异,均为2n=16;愈伤组织及其再生苗遗传稳定性较差,愈伤组织染色体数变异率为43.4%,其中单倍体占6.7%、三倍体占2.5%、四倍体占10%、五倍体占4.2%、六倍体占3.3%、七倍体占4.2%、八倍体占3.3%、非整倍体占9.2%;愈伤组织分化苗染色体变异率为11.7%,其中单倍体占6.7%,三倍体占1.7%,四倍体占3.3%。 相似文献
3.
玉米幼胚再生体系的建立 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《华北农学报》2015,(5)
为建立高效稳定的玉米再生体系,以玉米幼胚为受体材料,研究了基因型对胚性愈伤组织诱导率的影响以及适宜玉米幼胚生长的诱导培养基、继代培养基、分化培养基及生根培养基。结果表明,基因型可显著影响胚性愈伤组织诱导率,H99×A188的诱导率最高(45.28%);N6培养基适合用于胚性愈伤组织的诱导同时也适合继代培养;激素组合为MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+KT 2.0 mg/L的分化培养基出苗率和转化率最高,易成活;1/2MS培养基附加IBA1.0 mg/L和1.0 g/L活性炭适合于生根培养。 相似文献
4.
光身稻的培养特性研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文对光身稻培养特性进行了系统研究。结果指出:(1)光身稻的成熟胚培养力极低，其绿苗分化率几乎等于零，为0.7%，但其幼穗培养力则较高，绿苗分化率为44.8%; (2)光身稻的花药愈伤组织出现时间较早，为25天左右，而且愈伤组织诱导率也较高，为7%，但其绿苗分化率很低，仅为0.35%; (3)光身稻的适宜诱导培养基为M8; (4)花药愈 相似文献
5.
为给小麦品质性状的标记辅助选择提供备选分子标记,并进一步定位和克隆小麦部分品质相关性状的QTL,本研究利用普通小麦Heyne×Lakin杂交F2代单粒传获得的145个F8代重组自交系(Recombinantinbred line, RIL)群体,构建了含有2 082对标记(1 980对SNP标记和102对SSR标记)、总长度为2 120.13 cM的遗传连锁图谱,并利用该图谱对小麦连续两年的品质性状(蛋白质含量,湿面筋含量,淀粉含量和Zeleny沉降值)进行了 QTL分析。结果表明,共检测出11个QTL,其中,蛋白质含量有2个QTL,位于2A和5A染色体上,可解释的表型变异率6.94% 12.55%;湿面筋含量QTL有1个,位于5A染色体上,可解释的表型变异率8.40%~ 12.96%;淀粉含量QTL有3个,位于2A和5A染色体上,可解释的表型变异率9.78%~11.23%;Zeleny沉降值QTL有5个,位于2A、5A和7D染色体上,可解释的表型变异率4.75% 20.15%。其中5A染色体上存在这些品质性状QTL富集区,同时具有“一因多效”QTL位点。这个区段的发现,为小麦品质育种提供了参考依据。 相似文献
6.
7.
禾谷镰刀菌粗毒素对小麦幼胚培养特性及再生R1、R2代植株的抗赤霉病性影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了禾谷镰刀菌粗毒素对小麦幼胚培养特性的影响和再生R1、R2代植株的抗赤霉病性变异,结果表明,粗毒素对3个不同基因型幼胚的愈伤组织诱导、胚芽萌发及胚性愈伤组织形成和绿苗分化的影响有相同的趋势。①毒素浓度为6.0g/L时,愈伤组织生长受明显地抑制,但胚芽萌发生长受到促进,低于此浓度时,毒素对愈伤组织的生长有一定的促进作用;②毒素对胚性愈伤组织形成和苗分化均有较大的抑制作用,其中对前者的抑制作用最强;③适宜的粗毒素筛选浓度为1.5g/L~4.5g/L,在这一浓度范围内对愈伤组织形成无影响,而对胚性愈伤组织和苗分化有明显抑制,但又能使其保持有一定的分化能力。④经毒素筛选的抗耐毒素细胞系再生R1代植株中,抗病穗的比例明显提高,R2代再生植株的抗赤霉病性分离,并趋向于感病方的分离。 相似文献
8.
以95份玉米微核心种质和3份常用玉米转基因受体材料(A188、HiII和综31)组成的关联作图群体,对玉米再生相关候选基因ZmLEC1进行序列变异分析,并利用候选基因关联分析策略揭示该基因与胚性愈伤组织形成能力的关系,发掘提高胚性愈伤组织形成能力的有益等位变异。结果表明,不同材料之间的幼胚胚性愈伤组织形成能力和再生能力有显著差异,其中粤267-1-1诱导的愈伤组织和国际上普遍利用的HiII极为相似,胚性愈伤组织率达到98.48%,可以用于幼胚的遗传转化。ZmLEC1基因多态性分析表明,在852 bp编码区内共发现33个SNPs和9个INDELs,LD衰减距离为300 bp (R2=0.1),ZmLEC1基因中4个多态性位点与胚性愈伤组织形成能力存在显著关联。 相似文献
9.
VB1和干燥处理对小麦幼胚愈伤组织培养的影响 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
以14个小麦品种为试验材料，研究不同浓度维生素B1和分化前的干燥处理对小麦幼胚愈伤组织诱导、分化过程的影响。结果表明，小麦幼胚愈伤组织的分化率在不同基因型之间差异显著，其中最高的为郑新992(71．9％)；在愈伤组织诱导、继代以及分化培养的Ms培养基中添加维生素B1(盐酸硫胺素)10mg／L有利于小麦幼胚胚性愈伤组织的发生，同时对促进小麦幼胚愈伤组织的分化也有显著影响；在转入分化培养基前对愈伤组织进行干燥处理(12h)可有效提高其分化频率。 相似文献
10.
高粱不同外植体离体培养 总被引：21，自引：3，他引：21
不同材料愈伤组织诱导培养结果表明，幼穗，茎尖和成熟胚的最高出愈率达１００％，子粒达９３％，幼胚仅为７４％。幼穗不但出愈率高，且愈伤组织胚性状况好，分化出苗率高。幼胚出愈率虽低，但其分化率明显主茎尖，成熟胚和子粒了的分化率。 相似文献
11.
玉米抗丝黑穗病QTL分析 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12
以Mo17（抗）×黄早四（感）的F2分离群体（191个单株）为作图群体,构建了含有84个SSR位点和48个AFLP位点的遗传连锁图谱,全长1 542.9 cM,平均图距11.7 cM。在吉林省公主岭和黑龙江省哈尔滨2个地点通过人工接种方法对184个相应的F3家系（缺失7个）进行抗病鉴定。采用复合区间作图法对抗丝黑穗病数量性状位点（QTL）进行定位及遗传效应分析。在吉林公主岭地区检测到5个QTL,分别位于第1、2、3、8、9染色体上,解释的表型方差为10.0%~16.3%。在黑龙江哈尔滨地区也检测到5个QTL,分别位于第1、2、3、4、7染色体上,解释的表型方差为4.6%~13.4%。比较分析发现,两地一致在第2、3染色体上各检测到1个QTL,其中第2染色体上的表现为超显性效应,第3染色体上的表现为加性效应。研究结果为玉米抗丝黑穗病种质改良提供了重要信息。 相似文献
12.
玉米抗纹枯病QTL定位 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
以玉米自交系R15（抗）×掖478（感）的229个F2单株为作图群体,构建了包含146个SSR标记位点的遗传连锁图谱,全长1 666 cM,平均图距11.4 cM。通过麦粒嵌入法对F2:4群体进行人工接种纹枯病菌,并以相对病斑高为病级划分标准鉴定了玉米纹枯病的抗性。用复合区间作图法分析抗病QTL及遗传效应,共检测到9个抗性QTL,分布于第1、2、3、4、5、6和10条染色体上,单个QTL可解释表型方差的3.72%~7.19%,其中有2个QTL位于染色体6.01抗病基因簇附近。 相似文献
13.
玉米SSR连锁图谱构建与株高及穗位高QTL定位 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
用玉米自交系组合R15×掖478的F2群体构建连锁图谱,并通过1年2点随机区组试验设计,考察玉米229个F2:4家系成株期的株高和穗位高。所建连锁图谱上共拟合146个SSR标记位点,覆盖基因组1 666 cM,标记间平均距离为11.4 cM。用复合区间作图法进行QTL分析,共检测到8个控制株高的QTL,分别位于第2、3、4、5和8染色体;3个控制穗位高的QTL位点,位于第4染色体。单个株高QTL的贡献率变幅为6.67%~11.59%,单个穗位高QTL贡献率变幅为10.46%~12.15%。 相似文献
14.
A partial resistance to maize mosaic virus (MMV) and maize stripe virus (MStV) was mapped in a RILs population derived from a cross between lines MP705 (resistant) and B73 (susceptible). A genetic map constructed from 131 SSR markers spanned 1399 cM with an average distance of 9.6 cM. A total of 10 QTL were detected for resistance to MMV and MStV, using composite interval mapping. A major QTL explaining 34–41% of the phenotypic variance for early resistance to MMV was detected on chromosome 1. Another major QTL explaining up to 30% of the phenotypic variation for all traits of resistance to MStV was detected in the centromeric region of chromosome 3 (3.05 bin). After adding supplementary SSR markers, this region was found to correspond well to the one where a QTL of resistance to MStV already was located in a previous mapping study using an F2 population derived from a cross between Rev81 and B73. These results suggested that these QTL of resistance to MStV detected on chromosome 3 could be allelic in maize genome. 相似文献
15.
Grain moisture in maize at harvest depends on the grain drying rate (GDR) after physiological maturity. The maize plants with high GDR can reduce grain moisture rapidly, which will shorten the drying time after harvest and prevent the grain to be mildew and enhance maize quality. In this study, A total of 280 recombinant inbred lines that were derived from a cross between Ji846 (high drying rate, 1.18 % day−1) and Ye3189 (slow drying rate, 0.39 % day−1) were used to construct genetic linkage map and identify QTL underlying GDR in different environments. A genetic linkage map was constructed containing 97 SSR and 49 AFLP markers, which covered 2356.8 cM of the maize genome, with an average distance of 16.1 cM. Composite interval mapping identified 14 QTL for GDR after physiological maturity located on chromosomes 2, 3, 5, 6 and 8. The additive effects of QTL were all from Ji846. The range of phenotypic variation explained by the QTL was 5.05–16.28 %. But only two QTL (qKdr-2-1, qKdr-3-6) were identified across both locations. qKdr-2-1 positioned between the markers phi090-umc1560 on chromosome 2 explained 15.59 % of the phenotypic variance, and the other qKdr-3-6 positioned between the markers phi046-bnlg1754 on chromosome 3 explained 10.28 % of the phenotypic variance. 相似文献
16.
Yunlong Bian Donglei Sun Xiao Gu Yijun Wang Zhitong Yin Dexiang Deng Yanqiu Wang Feifei Wu Guosheng Li 《Euphytica》2014,198(1):79-89
Increasing sugar content in silage maize stalk improves its forage quality and palatability. The genetic mapping and characterization of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) is considered a valuable tool for trait enhancement, yet little information on QTL for stalk sugar content in maize has been reported. To this end, we investigated QTLs associated with stalk sugar traits including Brix, plant height (PHT), three ear leaves area (TELA), and days to silking (DTS) in two environments using a population of 202 recombinant inbred lines from a cross between YXD053, which has a high stalk sugar content, and Y6-1, which has a low stalk sugar content. A genetic map with 180 SSR and 10 AFLP markers was constructed, which spanned 1,648.6 cM of the maize genome with an average marker distance of 8.68 cM, and QTLs were detected using composite interval mapping. Seven QTLs controlling Brix were mapped on chromosomes 1, 2, 6 and 9 in the combined environments. These QTLs could explain 2.69–13.08 % of the phenotypic variance. One major QTL for Brix on chromosome 2 located between the markers bnlg1909 and umc1635 explained 13.08 % of the phenotypic variance. Y6-1 also contributed QTL allele for increased Brix on chromosome 6. One major QTLs controlling PHT on chromosome 1 and TELA on chromosome 4 were also identified and accounted for 13.68 and 12.49 % of the phenotypic variance, respectively. QTL alleles for increased DTS were located on chromosomes 1 and 5 of YXD053. Significant epistatic effects were identified in four traits, but no significant QTL × environment interactions were observed. The information presented here may be valuable for stalk sugar content improvement via marker-assisted selection in silage maize breeding programs. 相似文献
17.
Mapping quantitative trait loci for oil,starch, and protein concentrations in grain with high-oil maize by SSR markers 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
J. Zhang X. Q. Lu X. F. Song J. B. Yan T. M. Song J. R. Dai T. Rocheford J. S. Li 《Euphytica》2008,162(3):335-344
The objective of this investigation was to map QTL controlling oil, protein, and starch concentrations in maize grain and
to evaluate their genetic effects. The mapping population included 298 F2:3 family lines containing Beijing high-oil (BHO) maize germplasm. F2 individuals were genotyped with 183 SSR markers to construct a genetic linkage map, which spanned 1,605.7 cM, with an average
interval of 8.77 cM. Oil, protein, and starch concentrations in grain among F2:3 families were measured by near-infrared (NIR) analyzer. Using QTL Cartographer, we mapped six QTL associated with oil in grain,
six associated with protein, and five associated with starch concentrations. The proportion of phenotypic variation explained
by single QTL ranged from 4.34 to 13.13% for oil, from 5.19 to 6.66% for protein, and from 4.14 to 7.85% for starch concentrations.
QTL for oil, protein, or starch concentrations were often detected in identical intervals and the direction of their effects
were consistent with the sign of their phenotypic correlation. They were considered as common QTL for chemical compositions
in maize grain. In this study, we identified three QTL for oil in grain, two QTL for protein, and three QTL for starch concentrations,
which were on identical or similar chromosomal locations to those previously mapped with Illinois high-oil (IHO) maize germplasm.
These suggests that more diverse germplasm should be necessary to detect additional QTL and to discover more favorable alleles
for chemical composition of maize grain. 相似文献
18.
Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) is one of devastating pathogens in maize (Zea mays L.), and causes serious yield loss in susceptible cultivars. An effective solution to control the virus is utilizing resistant
genes to improve the resistance of susceptible materials, whereas the basic work is to analyze the genetic basis of resistance.
In this study, maize inbred lines Huangzao4 (resistant) and Mo17 (susceptible) were used to establish an F9 immortal recombinant inbred line (RIL) population containing 239 RILs. Based on this segregation population, a genetic map
was constructed with 100 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers selected from 370 markers, and it covers 1421.5 cM of genetic
distance on ten chromosomes, with an average interval length of 14.2 cM. Analysis of the genetic map and resistance by mapping
software indicated that a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) was between bin6.00 and bin6.01 on chromosome 6, linked with
marker Bnlg1600 (0.1 cM of interval). This QTL could account for 50.0% of phenotypic variation, and could decrease 27.9% of
disease index. 相似文献
19.
Utilization of the doubled haploid method of breeding usually shortens the time to cultivar release, and methods of haploid production need evaluation in a breeding programme. Thirty-eight different three-way crosses were tested for anther culture response. On average 5.8 percent of the anthers cultured produced calli. Three crosses were found recalcitrant for callus induction. Overall, the anther culture method produced 0.6 plantlet per 100 anthers cultured. Five crosses with an average of 5.8 and 2.8 percent of anthers producing calli and plantlets, respectively, were compared using anther culture and wheat × maize crosses. Non-responsive genotypes for callus induction and plantlet formation in the anther culture method proved to be good parental material in wheat × maize crosses. The average percentages of embryo formation and plantlet production in wheat × maize crosses were 10.3 and 4.7, respectively. Anther-derived plants were cytologically unstable, whereas all the plants regenerated from wheat × maize crosses were haploids (n = 21 chromosomes). The chromosome numbers of the polyhaploids were doubled with a colchicine treatment. Improvement of the two haploid production methods to facilitate their efficient use in a breeding programme is discussed. 相似文献
20.
玉米衔接式单片段导入系群体的构建和评价 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12
以生产上广泛种植的玉米杂交种豫玉22的亲本自交系87-1和综3为受体亲本,以糯质、抗病性较好的玉米自交系衡白522为供体亲本,采用回交和自交的方法,结合SSR分子标记辅助选择,分别构建了以87-1和综3为背景的衔接式玉米单片段导入系群体,并对其遗传背景、导入片段大小、数目和覆盖率等进行了评价。结果表明,87-1背景的导入系群体导入了40个供体片段,片段长度介于0.03~342.8 cM,平均长度为91.1 cM,导入片段总长为3 643.9 cM,覆盖率为48.9%;综3背景的导入系群体导入了78个供体片段,片段长度介于0.03~343.4 cM,平均长度为75.5 cM,导入片段总长为5 895.2 cM,覆盖率为79.2%。 相似文献