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以超声波浸提法提取阿拉伯半乳聚糖后的兴安落叶松锯末为原料,KOH为活化剂,惰性气氛条件下程序升温活化,研制高比表面积活性炭.系统分析了碱料比、活化温度、活化时间、活化剂加入方式与种类、预炭化对活性炭比表面积、碘吸附值和得率的影响.以低温液氮吸附分析了活性炭的比表面积,通过苯酚的等温吸附测试了活性炭的吸附性能.结果表明浸提锯末为制造高比表面积活性炭的适宜原料,在最佳条件500℃预炭化1 h,750℃活化1 h,固体KOH为活化剂,碱料比41(质量比)时制得的活性炭比表面积为2 659.4 m2/g,对苯酚的吸附容量为570 mg/g. 相似文献
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以棉花秸秆为原料,采用KOH活化法制备活性炭样品,探讨了炭化、活化及后处理过程中各实验条件对活性炭样品性能的影响.综合考虑活性炭样品的性能及得率,得出较优的实验条件为:炭化温度450～500℃、碱炭比值1.0、活化温度800℃、活化时间120 min;在较优条件下制得活性碳的比表面积2 312m2/g,碘吸附值1 936 mg/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值392 mg,/g;孔径分布以微孔为主;表面含有羟基(-OH)、活泼氢(-H)等基团. 相似文献
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为了考察碱／炭比、炭化温度以及活化温度对活性炭纤维孔结构的影响,以木粉为原料经液化、纺丝、固化、炭化及KOH活化工艺过程制备了木材苯酚液化物活性炭纤维;采用正交实验方法优化了活性炭纤维制备工艺。结果表明：诸因素中的显著性依次为活化温度〉炭化温度〉碱／炭比;优化组活性炭纤维的比表面积为1546m^2／g;400℃炭化温度下制备的活性炭纤维具有较高的中孔比率。 相似文献
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以超声波浸提法提取阿拉伯半乳聚糖后的兴安落叶松锯末为原料，KOH为活化剂。惰性气氛条件下程序升温活化，研制高比表面积活性炭。系统分析了碱料比、活化温度、活化时间、活化剂加入方式与种类、预炭化对活性炭比表面积、碘吸附值和得率的影响。以低温液氮吸附分析了活性炭的比表面积，通过苯酚的等温吸附测试了活性炭的吸附性能。结果表明：浸提锯末为制造高比表面积活性炭的适宜原料，在最佳条件：500℃预炭化1h，750℃活化1h，固体KOH为活化剂。碱料比4：1（质量比）时制得的活性炭比表面积为2659．4m^2／g，对苯酚的吸附容量为570mg／g。 相似文献
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我国竹材资源丰富,以竹废料为原料,制备可用于超级电容器电极材料的竹活性炭,有助于推动竹产业发展,助力国家“双碳”目标实现。在本研究中,分别采用KOH共热和水热处理对竹粉进行活化,并对制备的竹活性炭进行电化学性能、比表面积、表面微观形貌等测试。实验结果表明,KOH共热活化法的最佳条件为炭化温度350℃,活化温度900℃,升温速率2℃/min,碱炭质量比4∶1;制备的活性炭比表面积为3 299 m2/g, 0.5 A/g电流密度下的比电容为287.8 F/g, 5 000次充放电测试后,电容保持率为95%～105%。水热活化法的最佳条件为KOH质量分数20%,反应温度150℃,反应时间12 h,制备的活性炭比表面积为192.91 m2/g, 0.5 A/g电流密度下的比电容为170.4 F/g,电容保持率为88.89%。2种方法制备的活性炭孔径结构都是以微孔为主,中孔混合分布,含有少量大孔;2种活性炭均含有双层或多层石墨烯结构,但水热活化法制备的活性炭石墨化程度更高,制备条件更温和。研究结果既可为超级电容器用活性炭的研究提供了理论思路,也有效地扩... 相似文献
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以山核桃壳为原料，采用磷酸活化法活化，经过浸渍、膨胀塑化、炭化、活化、漂洗和烘干等工序制得汽油蒸气吸附载体活性炭。采用正交试验方法，研究了磷酸浓度、炭化温度、活化温度和活化时间对活性炭吸附性能的影响。结果表明，较优的制炭工艺条件为：磷酸浓度85％，膨胀塑化130℃，炭化温度250℃，活化温度480℃，活化时间120 min。在较优工艺条件下制得活性炭试样，它的丁烷工作容量为13.55 g/100 mL，25℃时汽油蒸气吸附量为605 mg/ g，BET 比表面积为2215.37 m2/ g，孔容积为1.4247 cm3/ g。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):131-138
The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
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Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
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A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献