共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Kim BT Min YK Asami T Park NK Kwon OY Cho KY Yoshida S 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1999,47(1):313-317
Fluorine was introduced into the 2-position of the side chain of abscisic acid (ABA) analogues by Wittig reaction of alpha-ionone derivatives with ethyl triethylphosphono-2-fluoroacetate. The effects of the fluorinated analogues were evaluated on inhibition of cress seed germination and inhibition of gibberellin-inducible alpha-amylase induction in embryoless barley half-seeds. (2E, 4E)-2-Fluoro-5-(1'-hydroxy-2',6', 6'-trimethyl-2'-cyclohexen-1'-yl)-3-methyl-2,4-pentadienoic acid (5b) showed potent inhibitory activity at the same level as ABA in the cress seed germination test, and 5b also inhibited gibberellin-inducible alpha-amylase induction at 4 x 10(-)(6), 3 times the concentration of ABA (1 x 10(-)(6)) for 50% inhibition of alpha-amylase production. 5b also showed dehydrin induction activity. These results indicate that fluorinated ABA analogues mimic ABA action and can be a lead for a plant growth regulator which regulates plant growth or protects plants from environmental stresses. 相似文献
2.
氮素对苹果果实内源激素变化动态与发育进程的影响 总被引：12，自引：6，他引：12
以8年生红富士/平邑甜茶(M.domestica Borkh.cv.RedFuji/M.hupenensis Rhed)盛果期树为试材,研究重疏果条件下土壤施氮对苹果果实发育影响。结果表明,花后15周前施氮处理与对照单果重无显著差异,由于对照果实比施氮处理果实早1周左右进入迅速膨大期,此后3～4周对照果实单果重高于施氮处理,但对照果实比施氮果实早1周左右停止生长。由于施氮延长了果实生长期,采收时施氮处理平均单果重高于对照。施氮对GA3、ZRs、ABA与IAA的含量及其变化动态有较大影响,特别在果实细胞膨大期;施氮显著提高了这4种激素的含量,但其峰值出现较对照晚1～2周,并且GA3、IAA、ABA含量峰值出现的时间比果实相对生长速率(RGR)峰值出现的时间略早。植物生长调节剂处理不施氮果实,使果实生长期延长,单果重增加。这些结果表明,氮素通过影响果实的激素水平调控果实的生长动态。果实发育进程的变化导致了有关品质指标的变化,主要表现为随施氮量增加,果实水分含量增加,果皮叶绿素与果肉可滴定酸浓度提高,果皮花青苷与果肉可溶性糖浓度降低。 相似文献
3.
4.
Jiménez JB Orea JM Montero C Ureña AG Navas E Slowing K Gómez-Serranillos MP Carretero E De Martinis D 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(5):1526-1530
Resveratrol is known as a grapevine secondary metabolite with fungicide activity. Its exogenous application on harvested grapes resulted in the reduction of microbial flora growth, and consequently, prolonged shelf life, without affecting the nutritional quality of the fruit. Resveratrol treatment also resulted in being effective on fruit that normally does not accumulate such metabolites as, for example, tomatoes, apples, avocado pears, and peppers. As a result, all treated fruits maintained their post-harvest quality and health longer than the untreated ones. This study demonstrates the potential use of resveratrol as a natural pesticide to reduce post-harvest fungi development on a broad spectrum of fruit types. 相似文献
5.
Siskos EP Mazomenos BE Konstantopoulou MA 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(14):5577-5581
Three active components were identified by bioassay-guided fractionation of bitter orange ( Citrus aurantium L.) fruit peel petroleum ether extract. Silica gel fractionation of the extract yielded a fraction that inflicted up to 96% mortality to adults of the olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae (Gmelin) three days post-treatment. Subsequent HPLC purification of the active fraction resulted in the isolation of three components, eluted in fractions F 222, F 224, and F 226, that induced adult mortality. Considering the data obtained from UV, FTIR, MS, and (1)H NMR spectra, they were identified as 7-methoxy-8-(3'-methyl-2'-butenyl)-2 H-1-benzopyran-2-one (osthol), 4-methoxy-7 H-furo[3,2- g]benzopyran-7-one (bergapten), and 4-(( E)-3'-methyl-5'-(3',3'-dimethyloxiran-2'-yl)pent-2'-enyloxy)-7 H-furo[3,2- g][1]benzopyran-7-one (6',7'-epoxybergamottin). Our results are in concordance with those reported in the literature and were further verified by direct comparison to authentic components. 6',7'-Epoxybergamottin was toxic when tested individually, while bergapten and osthol were found to act synergistically to 6',7'-epoxybergamottin. 相似文献
6.
鸡粪的施用对薄皮甜瓜果实糖积累及糖代谢相关酶活性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探讨鸡粪以及鸡粪与尿素配施对薄皮甜瓜果实糖积累及糖代谢相关酶活性的影响,本试验以薄皮甜瓜DX108为试验材料,以尿素为氮源的处理为对照(CK),研究了相同施氮量条件下,鸡粪与尿素配施(A)以及鸡粪(B)对甜瓜果实葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖含量的影响,分析了蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)、蔗糖合成酶(SS,蔗糖合成与分解方向)、酸性转化酶(AI)和中性转化酶(NI)的活性。结果表明,与CK相比,B、A明显促进了果实中果糖、蔗糖及葡萄糖积累,尤其是显著增加了成熟果实中这3种糖的含量。相关性分析表明,CK的甜瓜果实蔗糖积累与AI活性呈显著负相关,葡萄糖与SPS和SS(蔗糖合成酶)合成方向酶活性呈显著正相关;A和B果实中蔗糖、葡萄糖和果糖积累(除B中葡萄糖积累)与SPS、NI活性呈显著或极显著正相关,与SS分解方向酶活性呈极显著负相关,而A果实中葡萄糖积累与SPS和NI活性呈极显著正相关。综上所述,A和B提高了果实中SPS、NI活性,降低了SS分解方向酶活性,进而促进了糖的积累。本研究结果为有机肥替代化学氮肥在甜瓜生产上的应用提供了理论依据。 相似文献
7.
晚秋叶施尿素提高矮化苹果翌春生长及果实品质的效果 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
8.
不同时期施氮矮化苹果对15N的吸收、 分配及利用 总被引：6，自引：5，他引：1
【目的】研究不同时期施氮对矮化苹果氮素吸收、 分配及利用的影响,以期为矮化果园合理施肥、 提高氮肥利用率提供科学依据。【方法】以5年生烟富3/M26/平邑甜茶苹果为试材,采用15N同位素示踪技术,研究3个时期施氮对15N-尿素的吸收、 分配及利用特性。试验设3个处理,每个处理为1株,重复3次,分别在萌芽期(3月20日)、 春梢缓长期(6月5日)和秋梢生长期(7月10日)3个时期进行施肥, 每次每株施15N-尿素(丰度10.14%)10 g,普通尿素150 g。果实成熟期(10月15日)取全株样品进行氮的分析测定。【结果】不同时期施肥,植株不同器官从肥料中吸收分配到的15N量对该器官全氮量的贡献率(Ndff)差异显著。萌芽期施肥,植株在盛花期根的Ndff值最高,多年生枝次之; 从春梢缓长期到果实膨大期,根部吸收的15N优先向新生营养器官转运,果实成熟前期各器官Ndff均达到较高水平; 到果实成熟期,果实的Ndff值最高。春梢缓长期施肥,秋梢生长期根的Ndff值最高; 果实成熟期新生器官的Ndff均达到较高水平,其中果实的Ndff值最高。秋梢生长期施肥,根和多年生枝等贮藏器官的Ndff值在各测定时期都处于较高水平,随着物候期推移,一年生枝、 叶片和果实等地上部新生器官的Ndff值逐渐增大,到果实成熟期,一年生枝、 叶片和果实等新生器官的Ndff均达到最高水平,但此期果实对15N吸收征调能力相对减弱。在果实成熟期,不同施肥处理植株各器官的15N分配率存在显著差异。萌芽期施肥,营养器官的15N分配率最大; 春梢缓长期施肥,生殖器官的15N分配率最大; 秋梢生长期施肥,贮藏器官的15N分配率最大。在果实成熟期,3个施肥时期处理间植株的总氮量、 吸收15N的量及15N肥料利用率存在显著差异,均以春梢缓长期施肥处理最大,分别为86.34 g、 1.38 g和30.07%; 秋梢生长期次之,分别为75.64 g、 1.25 g和27.22%; 萌芽期施肥处理最小,分别为72.82 g、 1.09 g和23.63%。【结论】在土壤比较贫瘠的果园中进行矮化栽培,生产上应制定合理的施肥次数,做到少量多次,在春季少施氮肥,初夏(果实膨大期)追施氮肥,同时加强当年贮藏营养,施肥时期适当后移,既能够满足树体不同生长发育阶段的需求,而且还能够尽量减少因灌溉和降水等造成的地表径流和地下淋溶损失等,提高氮肥利用效率。 相似文献
9.
The effect of preharvest calcium (Ca) foliar application on ethylene (C2H4) production, respiratory rate, soluble polyuronides, and fruit firmness of ‘Bebekou’ apricot fruits was determined. The study was carried out in two experimental years, 1991 and 1992. Calcium was applied 21, 17, and 13 days before harvest for 1991 at the concentration of 0.5% calcium chloride (CaCl2) each time and 16 and 12 days before harvest for 1992 at the concentrations of 0.8 and 0.7% CaCl2, respectively. Calcium treatment resulted in a 30–76% increase in the Ca content of fruit flesh. Treated fruits had significantly lower C2H4 production rates than control during (i) four (1991) or five days (1992) at 21°C out of the 7‐day period examined immediately after harvest, and (ii) one (1991) or two days (1992) at 21°C out of the seven‐day period examined immediately after a 3rd‐ (1991) or 4th‐week (1992) storage period at 0°C. After harvest, Ca‐treated fruits displayed one day delay to reach the peak rate of C2H4 production. Respiratory rate was significantly suppressed over a five‐day period at 21°C out of the seven‐day period examined immediately after harvesting. However, after four weeks of storage at 0°C, there was not any significant effect of Ca on the respiratory rate. The respiratory peak rate occurred earlier in the control fruits compared to that of the Ca‐treated fruits at harvest time. Calcium‐treated fruits were about 70% firmer than the untreated ones at harvest time. Furthermore, this difference persisted after four weeks of storage at 0°C. Foliar‐applied Ca produced a 29% decrease in the soluble polyuronide content of the fruits at harvest time, but not after four weeks of storage. Fruit firmness was positively correlated to the Ca content of fruits while the soluble polyuronide content of the fruit was negatively correlated to fruit Ca. 相似文献
10.
ABSTRACT The effectiveness of nitrogen (N)+ zinc (Zn) soil and foliar fertilizer applications on growth, yield, and quality of apple (Malus domestic Borkh ‘Golden Delicious’) fruit was studied in the Zanjan province, Iran. There were eight treatments 1) control (no fertilizer), 2) soil applied N, 3) soil applied Zn, 4) soil applied N+Zn, 5) foliar applied N, 6) foliar applied Zn, 7) foliar applied N+Zn and 8) combined soil and foliar applied N+Zn. The N source was urea [CO(NH2)2, 46% N] applied at 276 N tree? 1 yr?1 and the Zn source was zinc sulfate (ZnSO4,7H20, 23% Zn) applied at 110 g Zn tree? 1 yr? 1. The soil treatments of N and Zn, were applied every two weeks during June through August (total of 6 times/year) in a 1 m radius around the tree trunk (drip line of trees). The foliar solutions of N (10 g l? 1 urea) and Zn [8 g l? 1 zinc sulfate (ZnSO4)] were sprayed at the rate of 10 L tree? 1 every two weeks at the same times as described for soil applications. The highest yield (49 kg tree? 1), and the heaviest fruits (202 g) were obtained in the soil and foliar combination of N+Zn treatment. The lowest yield (35 kg tree? 1), and the smallest fruits (175 g) were recorded in the control. Nitrogen, and to a lesser extent Zn, foliar application resulted in decreasing fruit quality (caused russeting, and lower soluble solid), but increasing N leaf and fruit concentrations (2.4% DW and 563 mg kg? 1, respectively). There were significant differences among yield and leaf mineral nutrient concentration in different treatments. But there was no significant difference between fruit mineral nutrient concentration (except N). Ratio of N/calcium (Ca), potassium (K)/Ca, and [magnesium (Mg)+K]/Ca in fruits were found suitable for fruit quality prediction. Combining the zinc sulfate with urea in the foliar applications increased the concentration of Zn from 0.7 to 1.5 mg per kg of apple tissue. Leaf N concentration varied during growth season. Foliar applied nutrient can be more efficient than soil applied, but a combination of soil and foliar applications is recommended for apple tree nutrient management. 相似文献
11.
O. O. Ndukwe C. O. Muoneke K. P. Baiyeri A. Tenkouano 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(5):700-716
A field experiment was conducted for two cropping cycles to evaluate the growth and yield responses of four plantain genotypes (29525, 30456-3, PITA 14 and Agbagba) to fertilizer source (inorganic, organic fertilizer and no fertilizer) in a 4 × 3 factorial in a complete randomized block design. Genotype 29525 flowered and matured earliest, produced heaviest bunches and highest number of hands and fruits per bunch. Agbagba produced the tallest plants, longest, widest and heaviest fruits. Bunch weight was heavier with the application of inorganic or organic fertilizers. There were genotype and fertilizer interactions for bunch and fruit weights and length in the plant crop with genotype 29525 having the heaviest bunches whereas the heaviest and longest fruits were produced by Agbagba when no fertilizer was applied. Bunch yield per hectare increased with organic fertilizer application. 相似文献
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Calcium content in fruits of paprika, bean, quince and hip during fruit growth The Ca content and the Ca translocation into the fruits during their growth was determined in paprika and bean under controlled conditions (nutrient solution, growth room) and in quince and hip (Rosa rugosa Thumb.) under field conditions. Compared to leaves the Ca content in the fruits is very low in all 4 species and declines further during their growth. The K content, however, is similar in the leaves and in the fruits of all 4 species and remains nearly constant during fruit growth. The low Ca content of the fruits cannot directly be related to the cation exchange capacity (CEC) as there are no differences in the CEC between leaves and fruits. The generally low Ca content of the fruits and its decline during fruit growth is causally related in all 4 plant species to the low rate of Ca translocation compared to the rate of dry matter translocation into the fruits. There are, however, distinct differences between the 4 plant species in the course of the ratio Ca/dry matter translocation into the fruits: In paprika the Ca translocation into the fruits strongly declines during fruit growth and in bean the Ca translocation practically ceases with the onset of seed growth. In quince under field conditions the Ca translocation into the fruits rapidly declines at later stages and finally a translocation of Ca out of the fruit takes place (decrease in the amount of Ca/fruit). Only in hip the Ca translocation into the fruits remains constant during fruit growth. There is, however, a distinctly different distribution of Ca to the various parts within the hip fruits. The decline in Ca translocation during fruit growth can be explained in paprika and bean with a shift in water influx from the xylem (rich in Ca) to the phloem at the stage of high rates of dry matter influx into the fruit. In quince and hip, however, additional mechanisms (alternating water flux in the xylem, CEC) seem to be involved in the regulation of the Ca content of these fruits. 相似文献
13.
在田间条件下以7年生"红灯"甜樱桃/大青叶为试材,探讨了甜樱桃不同枝类叶片对晚秋叶施15N-尿素的吸收和翌年的分配及利用特性,研究了晚秋叶面施氮对果实品质的影响。结果表明:晚秋对甜樱桃叶面施用浓度为1.00%的15N-尿素,施用总量的16.30%1～7.27%随落叶脱离树体,其余82.73%8～3.70%进入树体。在翌年,叶片回流贮藏的氮素化合物可迅速转移到新生器官中,不同处理间的15N分配运转特性存在差异。长枝叶片吸收、回流贮藏的氮素化合物在翌年铃铛花期主要供应至新梢,促进营养生长;随着物候期的推移,表现出明显的极性分配特性。短枝叶片吸收、回流的氮素化合物主要运至花、果等生殖器官中,用于甜樱桃开花、结果。验证试验表明:叶施尿素处理甜樱桃果实单果重较对照增加21.84%;总糖含量、糖酸比分别提高11.98%、21.84%,同时叶施尿素促进了己醛、2-己烯醛(、E)-2-己烯-1-醇、苯甲醛4种果实重要香气成分的合成。 相似文献
14.
Maldonado R Molina-Garcia AD Sanchez-Ballesta MT Escribano MI Merodio C 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(26):7564-7569
Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL, EC 4.3.1.5.) activity, tanning ability, and polyphenols levels were measured in cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.) fruit treated with 20% CO(2) + 20% O(2) + 60% N(2) for 1, 3, or 6 days during chilling temperature (6 degrees C) storage. The residual effect of CO(2) after transfer to air was also studied. These observations were correlated with texture and cellular characteristics, visualized by cryo-SEM. Tanning ability and the early increase in tannin polyphenols induced by chilling temperature were reduced by CO(2) treatment. Conversely, high CO(2) atmosphere enhanced the nontannin polyphenol fraction as compared with fruit stored in air. Lignin accumulation and PAL activation observed in untreated fruit after prolonged storage at chilling temperature were prevented by high CO(2). Moreover, the restraining effect on lignification was less effective when the CO(2) treatment was prolonged for 6 days. In addition, fruits held at these conditions had greater firmness and the histological characterization of the separation between cells was similar to that in untreated fruits. We conclude that CO(2) treatment modulates the phenolic response that seems to regulate the strength of cell adhesion and so to prevent hardening caused by chilling temperature storage. 相似文献
15.
磷、钾营养对柑桔果实产量、品质和贮藏性的影响 总被引：15，自引：3，他引：15
采用田间试验以柑为材料研究了连续4年施用磷、钾肥后对柑桔果实的产量、品质和贮藏性的影响。结果表明,施用磷、钾肥,尤其磷、钾肥配施可显著提高柑桔果实的单果重和产量,以及采收时果实的可溶性固形物含量、可溶性糖含量、还原糖含量、糖/酸比和维生素C(Vc)含量,降低可滴定酸含量;并且可以有效地降低柑桔果实在贮藏过程中的失重率和烂果率,减缓糖分、酸度和Vc含量的下降。磷钾营养对于提高柑桔果实的耐贮性和维持贮藏过程中果实的风味和营养品质有一定的作用。 相似文献
16.
嘎拉苹果对春施15N-尿素的吸收、利用与分配特性 总被引：17，自引：9，他引：8
以7年生嘎拉苹果（Malus domestica）/平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis）为试材,研究了苹果对春季土施15N-尿素的吸收、利用与分配特性。结果表明,盛花期以细根的Ndff值最高,粗根次之;新梢旺长期和果实膨大期根部吸收的15N优先向新生营养器官运转;果实成熟期以果实中Ndff 值最高,新生器官Ndff值普遍高于贮藏器官;果实采收后 15N在粗根和细根中的Ndff值最高,地上贮藏器官次之,新生营养器官下降到较低水平,树体吸收的15N开始向贮藏器官回流、积累。不同物候期苹果吸收的15N各器官的分配率存在显著差异,盛花期15N优先分配在根系中;新梢旺长期和果实膨大期,根部15N的分配率不断下降,15N主要向新生营养器官分配;在果实成熟期果实成为新的分配中心;果实采收后15N向贮藏器官回流、积累,15N在树体内的运转随生长中心的转移而转移。春季土施15N-尿素可被树体快速吸收、利用,氮肥利用率随物候期的推移逐渐提高,采收后的当季利用率为27.540%。 相似文献
17.
It is well known from earlier work that water stress and salinity results in depressed plant growth and high fruit quality of tomato (e.g. increased sugar and acid levels), but generally is associated with a low marketable fruit yield. In the present work we investigated whether even a small reduction in water supply (without visible symptoms of water stress) also results in a high fruit quality together with high marketable fruit proportions. To characterize fruit quality sugars (glucose and fructose), titratable acids, odour-active aroma volatiles and vitamin C were investigated. Tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv Vanessa) were grown in soil and with the onset of fruit development water supply was varied (70% and 50% water capacity). In the treatment with lower water supply plant growth, and in particular the number of fruit settings were depressed and the sugar and vitamin C concentrations in the fruits were significantly increased, especially during fruit ripening. Furthermore, with lower water supply the concentrations of titratable acids and of C6 aldehydes (hexanal, (Z)-3-hexenal and (E)-2-hexenal) were significantly increased in the red fruits. Fruit growth was identical in both treatments. The higher levels of sugars, titratable acids, aroma volatiles and vitamin C are responsible for the higher fruit quality under conditions of lower water supply. Since not all fruits of the well watered plants became mature, the marketable yield in both treatments was rather similar and hence, together with a higher fruit quality in the treatment with lower water supply, high proportions of marketable fruits can be harvested. 相似文献
18.
氮钾肥不同比例分段追施对日光温室番茄越冬长季节栽培产量与品质的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以尿素和硫酸钾为N、K肥源,采用有机基质进行日光温室番茄越冬长季节栽培,考察N、K肥(N:K2O)不同比例分段追施对番茄果实品质的影响。试验按追肥方案不同设分段追肥与对照两个处理,分段追肥处理追肥比例依次为座果期N:K2O=1:1(3次)、采收初期N:K2O=1:1.2(3次)、采收中期N:K2O=1:1.4(3次)、采收末期N:K2O=1:1.2(两次),对照则始终按N:K2O=1:1.2(11次)进行处理。结果表明:两种试验处理对番茄植株形态指标影响不大,分段追肥处理增加了番茄茎粗,但差异并不显著;两种处理对番茄总座果穗数影响不大,但分段追肥却显著增加了有效果穗率从而增加了番茄有效果穗数;从整个采收期来看,分段追肥处理显著增加了番茄座果数与单果重,从而显著增加了番茄产量;两种处理在采收初期对番茄果实品质影响差异不显著,分段追肥处理在采收末期显著增加了果实中Vc含量,采收末期番茄果实品质的各项指标含量均高于同处理下采收初期的指标含量。 相似文献
19.
Effect of external and internal factors on the calcium content of paprika and bean fruits In water culture experiments with paprika and bean plants the effect of Ca supply, transpiration and growth rate on the Ca content of the fruits has been studied. A 10-fold increase in Ca supply only slightly increased the Ca content. The Ca content of the paprika fruits was increased considerably at high transpiration rates of either the whole shoot or the single fruit. High transpiration also increased the Mg content but had no effect on the K content. In bean high transpiration rates only increased the Ca content in the early stages of fruit development. The ratio of Ca translocation versus water loss by transpiration sharply declined during fruit growth in both species. In paprika the highest ratio (μg Ca/ml) in the fruits corresponded with the ratio in the leaves. In bean fruits, however, this ratio distinctly exceeded that of fully developed leaves. At high transpiration rates of the shoot 20% of the Ca (45Ca) injected into the fruit were translocated out of the fruit. At low transpiration rates of the shoot the corresponding value was below 1%. Most of all the growth rate of the fruits affected the Ca content. With increasing growth rate the Ca transport into the fruits was hardly altered which in turn led to a sharp decrease of the Ca content per unit dry weight. The results support the idea of the Ca transport into the fruit via the xylem. This Ca transport — i.e. also the Ca content of the fruit — is regulated and is also to be influenced by direct or indirect alterations of the water transport in the xylem. 相似文献
20.
不同负载量对苹果~(13)C和~(15)N分配、利用的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
【目的】利用稳定性同位素13C和15N示踪技术,研究了不同负载量对苹果13C和15N分配、利用的影响,从营养吸收的角度阐明负载量对苹果生长发育影响的机理,为疏果及提高氮肥利用率提供依据。【方法】以5年生垄栽王林/SH38/八棱海棠苹果为试材,于3月27日挖环状沟施肥,每株施入15N-尿素10 g,同时施N 110.33 g、P2O5143.15 g、K2O 151.26 g。在坐果后,立即进行疏果处理,试验设3个处理为对照(不疏果)、2/3负载量(疏掉其中1/3的果实)和1/3负载量(疏掉其中2/3的果实);于果实成熟期(9月6日)对已处理的植株进行整株13C标记处理。标记72 h后破坏性采样,测定13C和15N丰度。13C丰度用DELTA V Advantage同位素比率质谱仪测定,15N丰度用ZHT-03质谱计测定。【结果】与对照(不疏果)相比,2/3负载量和1/3负载量处理,果实平均单果重分别增加了17.68%和48.57%,根冠比分别增加了7.69%和15.38%,而其平均单株产量却显著降低,分别为对照的50.18%和78.60%;3处理单位干截面积平均产量分别为0.83 kg/cm2、0.54 kg/cm2和0.33 kg/cm2,三者之间差异显著;负载量增加促进叶片制造的13C同化物向果实中转移,减少了向根系的运输,对照、2/3负载量和1/3负载量处理的果实13C分配率分别为39.81%、29.25%和16.46%,根系13C分配率则分别为16.79%、19.98%和24.64%;负载量增加显著降低了植株15N的利用率,对照、2/3负载量和1/3负载量3个处理的植株15N利用率分别为8.51%、10.11%和13.23%。3个处理各器官的氮原子百分超(Ndff)值均表现为果实当年生枝根系叶片多年生枝中心干,不同处理间Ndff值的差异主要表现在果实和根系,果实的Ndff值随着负载量的增加而增大,对照的Ndff值达到2.76%,分别为2/3负载量和1/3负载量处理的1.17倍和1.31倍,而根系则表现出相反的趋势;15N分配率与13C分配率表现出相同的趋势,15N分配率较高的器官,13C分配率也处于较高水平。【结论】负载量增加可促进叶片制造的13C同化物向果实中转移,减少向根系的运输,对15N的吸收利用降低。当单位干截面积产量为0.54 kg/cm2时,能有效协调树体的碳、氮营养分配,对王林苹果的生产效果最佳。 相似文献