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1.
罐制过程中荸荠质构变化及其与淀粉特性的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
该文通过比较荸荠罐制过程不同阶段的质地结构，研究了荸荠罐制过程中质构变化的规律及其与含水率的关系，比较了预煮、排气和杀菌三个受热过程后的质构，结果表明荸荠质构中弹性性质(脆度、硬度和黏着性)和塑性性质(凝聚性和回复性)在受热后有不同的变化，弹性性质参数值在排气过程中有所回升，塑性性质参数值则在整个过程中全部呈下降趋势；含水率与黏着性呈极显著的负相关，与凝聚性和回复性呈显著正相关。同时对荸荠质构变化与淀粉特性的相关性做了分析，探讨通过改变淀粉特性以达到较好质构的可行性。研究发现荸荠淀粉的膨胀力(Swell Power，SP)、淀粉凝胶质构和淀粉快速黏度分析(Rapid Visco Analysis，RVA)谱中的崩解值与荸荠的各项质构参数的相关性均达到显著或极显著水平。可根据荸荠质构特性的变化规律，通过控制不同的受热过程，尤其是预煮，使之得到具有较好质构的产品。另外，改变淀粉特性也可改善产品质构。 相似文献
2.
不同冻藏温度条件下速冻汤圆品质变化及其机制 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为探究不同恒温冻藏条件下速冻汤圆品质的变化规律,将速冻汤圆置于-5、-15、-25℃ 3种恒定冻藏条件下,定期测量含水率、酸价、过氧化值、质构等品质指标,并结合核磁共振成像、快速黏度分析仪、扫描电子显微镜测定粉团水分迁移、糊化特性、微观结构等,揭示冻藏温度对其品质变化的影响。结果表明：冻藏温度对速冻汤圆的含水率、过氧化值、酸价、质构等均有显著性影响（P<0.05）,冻藏时间越长,冻藏温度越高,速冻汤圆含水率下降越多,过氧化值、酸价、硬度、咀嚼性增加也越大,其中在第40天,-5℃与-15、-25℃冻藏条件相比,速冻汤圆含水率率先下降至平稳点,过氧化值、酸价增长率（14%和20%）远高于其它2组,第90天,-5℃冻藏条件下速冻汤圆含水率减少11.32%,过氧化值、酸价分别上涨23%和30%,硬度、咀嚼性由392.11、66.24 g增大到511.78、90.11g,且与-25℃冻藏条件相比有显著性差异（P<0.05）。核磁共振、糊化特性、扫面电镜显示：较高温度冻藏条件下速冻汤圆水分自由度增长较大,冰晶的生长及大冰晶的形成使得淀粉颗粒受到机械损伤,破损淀粉填充糯米粉团空隙,致密的组织结构抑制蒸煮时水分进入以及热量的传递,使得速冻汤圆硬度、咀嚼性大幅上涨;破损淀粉易吸水膨胀,占有较多的空间,致使峰值黏度、崩解值、最终黏度降低,从而影响速冻汤团品质特性。以上研究结果为速冻汤圆在冻藏期间的品质保持提供理论参考。 相似文献
3.
生物质快速热裂解反应温度对生物油产率及特性的影响 总被引：15，自引：3，他引：15
以木屑为原料，在自制的小型流化床上，研究了生物质快速热裂解反应温度对生物油的产率、含水率、密度、黏度及成分的影响。结果表明，在475℃，500℃和550℃三种热裂解温度中，以500℃的平均生物油产率最高，为58.74%(w/w)。三种热裂解温度下，生物油的含水率分别为42.5%、46.0%和40.7%，生物油的密度分别为1140、1148和1151 kg/m3，运动黏度分为4.51 cSt、3.87 cSt和4.73 cSt。热裂解温度增高时，生物油的密度略有增加，含水率和运动黏度未见有规律变化，并且，运动黏度随含水率的增加而减小。热裂解温度对生物油的主要化合物成分相对含量有一定影响，但影响不明显，生物油中化合物几乎都是含氧的不饱和烃类衍生物，碳原子数在2～10之间，温度升高有利于糠醛、大多数苯酚类化合物生成，不利于乙酸的生成。该研究为生物油的生产与应用提供了参考。 相似文献
4.
玉米淀粉水分吸附等温线的研究及模型建立 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了更好地指导玉米淀粉及其含物制品的干燥、储藏和包装，需要确定温度对玉米淀粉水分吸附特性的影响，及建立一个包含温度和水活度在内的新吸附等温线模型。 根据吸附原理，利用静态调整环境湿度法，测定了玉米淀粉在30℃、45℃和60℃ 3个温度不同水活度下的吸湿和解吸等温线。结果显示玉米淀粉的等温线属于Ⅱ型等温线，在一定的水活度下随着温度的升高吸附能力下降。随着水活度的增加平衡含水率增加，在整个水活度范围内吸附等温线存在一个很明显的滞后作用。用BP神经网络建立了一个新的吸附等温数学模型，分析表明BP神经网络模型不仅包含水活度和温度2个参数而且拟合程度优于其它的数学模型。 相似文献
5.
不同介质条件对银杏淀粉糊流变特性的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
淀粉糊流变特性是影响淀粉类食品加工品质的主要因素。该文采用布拉班德尔黏度计，考察不同介质条件如浓度、pH值、蔗糖和食盐对银杏淀粉糊黏度特性的影响。银杏淀粉糊的布拉班德尔黏度测定结果表明：随着银杏淀粉糊浓度增加,其起糊温度降低，峰值黏度增高，热稳定性、冷稳定性下降，凝沉性增强；60 g/kg银杏淀粉糊黏度性质受酸碱介质的影响较大，在pH值中性7左右，其淀粉糊黏度热稳定性最好，凝沉性最强，但冷稳定性最差；食品介质蔗糖对60 g/kg银杏淀粉糊黏度曲线影响较大，其淀粉起糊温度、峰值黏度随蔗糖浓度增加而增加，淀粉糊黏度的冷稳定性、热稳定性均降低，凝沉性增强；而食盐影响较小。该结果对银杏淀粉类食品深加工开发具有较大的指导意义。 相似文献
6.
高温短时气流膨化薏米工艺优化 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了对薏米高温短时气流膨化工艺进行优化,采用响应曲面法研究了预糊化时间、膨化温度、膨化时间和含水率4个因素对薏米膨化率和黄蓝值的影响,并对膨化前后薏米的淀粉和蛋白质体外消化性以及细胞结构进行了分析。结果表明,影响薏米膨化率因素的强弱顺序依次为膨化时间>含水率>膨化温度>预糊化时间,高温短时气流膨化薏米的最优条件为预糊化时间30min、膨化温度250℃、膨化时间20.0s和含水率6%。膨化后薏米淀粉和蛋白质体外消化率均比膨化前显著提高(P<0.05)。膨化后薏米细胞内部呈蜂窝状结构,形成很多较大的空洞。该文提供了一种缩短薏米蒸煮时间和提高营养物质消化吸收率的技术,满足薏米工业化生产的需求。 相似文献
7.
为探究不同加工工艺参数和黄粉虫蛋白替代鱼粉不同比例对低淀粉缓沉性水产膨化颗粒饲料加工质量的影响,并优化得出最适操作参数。该研究采用Box-Behnken试验设计,以黄粉虫蛋白替代比例、调质后物料含水率和膨化机模头温度3个因素为自变量,变化范围分别在0～50%、25%～29%、110～140 ℃之间,以膨化颗粒饲料容重、沉降速度、10 min沉水率、能耗为因变量,对3个自变量参数进行优化。试验结果表明：低淀粉缓沉性膨化饲料的容重随着黄粉虫替代比例的升高逐渐升高,随含水率的升高而升高,随着模头温度的升高略微升高;沉降速度随着黄粉虫替代比例的升高逐渐升高,随着模头温度的升高呈现先升高后降低的趋势;当黄粉虫替代比例在0～25%时,沉降速度随着含水率的升高逐渐增大,当黄粉虫替代比例为50%时,沉降速度随含水率的升高呈现先升高后降低的趋势;10 min沉水率随着黄粉虫替代比例的升高逐渐升高,随着含水率的升高而升高;10 min沉水率随着模头温度的升高呈现先升高后降低的趋势;能耗随着黄粉虫替代比例的升高逐渐升高,随着调质后物料含水率的升高总体呈降低的趋势,随着模头温度的升高逐渐降低。方差分析结果显示各因素对低淀粉缓沉性水产膨化颗粒饲料加工质量的影响由大到小顺序为：黄粉虫蛋白替代比例、调质后物料含水率、膨化机模头温度。优化得到加工低淀粉缓沉性水产膨化颗粒饲料的最优工艺参数为和最适替代比例：调质后物料含水率为27.6%,模头温度为108 ℃,黄粉虫蛋白替代比例为15.0%,在此条件下加工出的膨化颗粒饲料沉降速度为7.73 cm/s、10 min沉水率为95%、能耗为34.39 (kw·h)/t。验证试验相对误差均小于4%,模型优化结果可靠,研究结果可为饲料企业生产低淀粉缓沉性水产膨化颗粒饲料提供参考依据。 相似文献
8.
藕淀粉的加工性能研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
该文从化学成分、淀粉颗粒大小、淀粉糊、热力学、淀粉颗粒形态和表面结构以及对酶水解耐受力等方面，对藕淀粉的加工性质进行了较为详尽的研究。结果表明，藕淀粉(重庆产)的水分含量为15.32%、蛋白质0.16%、脂肪0.07%、粗纤维0.02%、灰分0.54%、磷0.053%，其直链淀粉含量(30.61%)高于玉米淀粉的。藕淀粉的平均粒径为50.27 μm，而玉米淀粉的为38.97 μm。藕淀粉颗粒呈小圆形和椭圆形，但在某些淀粉颗粒一端有凹陷。淀粉的X-衍射图谱为B型，糊化温度为54.09℃，透明度为57.9%，淀粉糊达到最大黏度即呈现平缓的特征，黏度峰值远低于玉米淀粉糊的。该研究对实际生产中，提高藕淀粉得率和纯度以及应用具有指导意义。 相似文献
9.
几种淀粉的糊化特性及力学稳定性(简报) 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
为探索淀粉糊化的力学稳定性,以不同来源淀粉为原料,采用快速黏度分析仪于不同搅拌速度下,研究外力作用对淀粉糊化特性的影响,为淀粉质食品的品质控制提供依据。结果表明,不同来源淀粉的黏度曲线及其力学稳定性有差异。以小麦淀粉的糊化温度最低;马铃薯淀粉糊的黏度和温度稳定性最大;马铃薯和莲子淀粉的峰值黏度较高,冷糊稳定性好;莲子淀粉的热糊稳定性差;玉米淀粉糊易于老化。外力作用对淀粉糊的黏度曲线有影响。较强的外力作用后,会导致淀粉糊的强度、黏度和糊化温度降低,改善热糊稳定性和冷糊稳定性。淀粉糊化的力学稳定性与其颗粒强度有关,较大颗粒强度的淀粉的力学稳定性较好。 相似文献
10.
为保证低温喷雾干燥后蓝靛果粉品质,采用黄金分割法研究复合助剂（麦芽糊精、β-环糊精和乳清蛋白）对喷雾干燥蓝靛果粉理化性质的影响,分析低温进风温度（50～90 ℃）对蓝靛果粉花青素保留率、集粉率和含水率的影响规律。结果表明,在麦芽糊精、β-环糊精的质量比例为85.4%、14.6%时,集粉率高达37.96%;随进料溶液中麦芽糊精质量比例增加,蓝靛果粉玻璃化转变温度、水溶性指数、堆积密度、亮度L*值、红度a*值和色差值ΔE呈增加趋势,含水率、花青素含量和黄度b*值呈下降趋势;在麦芽糊精、β-环糊精和乳清蛋白质量比例为72.9%、12.5%、14.6%时,集粉率达到最高（40.11%）;随料液中乳清蛋白质量比例增加,蓝靛果粉含水率、花青素含量呈上升趋势,其玻璃化转变温度、水溶性指数、亮度L*值、红度a*值、黄度b*值和色差值ΔE等指标呈下降趋势;复合助剂显著提高蓝靛果粉集粉率（P<0.05）,对其中的花青素起到较强保护作用,其含水率、水溶性指数、堆积密度等理化指标均接近于最优水平。在低温喷雾干燥研究发现,随进风温度上升,集粉率和含水率呈负相关,在进风温度90 ℃时,集粉率最高的配方中可实现较高花青素保留率（89.94%）。低频核磁共振波谱以及质子密度图像信息分析表明,加入的助剂与蓝靛果果汁中水分通过氢键、静电结合力和疏水作用等分子间作用力,形成稳定性高水合物、增强液滴聚结抵抗力,提高料液玻璃态转换温度,从而实现高集粉率和高花青素保留率的蓝靛果果粉低温喷雾干燥;红外光谱分析表明,复合助剂可在蓝靛果果粉中形成分子间氢键,并对花青素等活性物质进行固定包埋保护。研究结果可为蓝靛果粉喷雾干燥加工生产提供理论支撑和参考依据。 相似文献
11.
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
15.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
16.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献
17.
Electron donor and pH relationships for biologically enhanced dissolution of chlorinated solvent DNAPL in groundwater 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Biologically enhanced dissolution offers a method to speed removal of chlorinated solvent dense non-aqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL) sources such as tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichoroethene (TCE) from aquifers. Bioremediation is accomplished by adding an electron donor to the source zone where fermentation to intermediates leading to acetic acid and hydrogen results. The hydrogen and possibly acetic acid are used by dehalogenating bacteria to convert PCE and TCE to ethene and hydrochloric acid. Reductive dehalogenation is thus an acid forming process, and sufficient alkalinity must be present to maintain a near neutral pH. The bicarbonate alkalinity required to maintain pH above 6.5 is a function of the electron donor: 800 mg/L of bicarbonate alkalinity is sufficient to achieve about 1.2 mM TCE dechlorination with glucose, 1.7 mM with lactate, and a much higher 3.3 mM with formate. Laboratory studies indicate that in mixed culture, formate can be used as an electron donor for complete conversion to ethene, contrary to pure cultures studies indicating it cannot. Various strategies can be used to add electron donor to an aquifer for DNAPL dehalogenation while minimizing pH problems and excessive electron donor usage, including use of injection-extraction wells, dual recirculation wells, and nested injection-extraction wells. 相似文献
18.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
19.
Y. Bashan J. J. Bustillos L. A. Leyva J.-P. Hernandez M. Bacilio 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2006,42(4):279-285
Inoculation of wheat seedlings with the plant growth-promoting bacterium Azospirillum brasilense Cd was immobilized in alginate microbeads and, without applying any stress, significantly increased the quantity of several
photosynthetic pigments, such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and the auxiliary photoprotective pigments violaxanthin, zeaxanthin, antheroxanthin, lutein, neoxanthin, and β-carotene.
This resulted in greener plants with no apparent visible stress. After monitoring the quantity of photosynthetic pigments
for 4 weeks, we observed that inoculated plants had higher quantities of pigments in shoot and stem. The greatest difference
in the quantity of all pigments between inoculated and noninoculated plants occurred in the first week of growth. Regardless
of treatment, the quantity of pigments in stems was three to four times less than the quantity of these pigments in shoots.
Application of Azospirillum, either as liquid inoculant or as alginate microbeads, did not alter the positive effect of the bacteria on pigment production
or the positive response of the plants towards A. brasilense Cd inoculation. 相似文献
20.
Three slow-growing legume trees used for desert reforestation and urban gardening in the Sonoran Desert of Northwestern Mexico
and the Southwestern USA were evaluated whether their growth can be promoted by inoculation with plant growth-promoting bacteria
(Azospirillum brasilense and Bacillus pumilus), unidentified arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (mainly Glomus sp.), and supplementation with common compost under regular screenhouse cultivation common to these trees in nurseries. Mesquite
amargo (Prosopis articulata) and yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla) had different positive responses to several of the parameters tested while blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida) did not respond. Survival of all tree species was over 80% and survival of mesquite was almost 100% after 10 months of cultivation.
Inoculation with growth-promoting microorganisms induced significant effects on the leaf gas exchange of these trees, measured
as transpiration and diffusive resistance, when these trees were cultivated without water restrictions. 相似文献