首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
An analysis of the relationship between potato prices and potato production is important for understanding industry developments. The analysis of the effect of potato production on potato prices was presented in two AJPR articles: Pavlista and Feuz (American Journal of Potato Research 82:339–343, 2005) and Loy et al. (American Journal of Potato Research 85:438–444, 2011). The articles estimated inverse potato demand in the U.S. and Germany, respectively, during the period of 1980–2003. They hypothesized that the potato price response to changes in potato production may be affected by a shift in consumer demand towards increasing consumption of processed potatoes in the U.S. and by socio-economic changes in Germany. This paper extends the existing research by analyzing the recent price developments in the U.S. potato industry. The empirical results indicate that the potato price response to changes in potato production was different during the period of 2005–2010, as compared to the periods of 1993–2004 and 2011–2016, which coincided with the implementation of the potato acreage management program.  相似文献   

2.
Potato cyst-nematodes,Globodera pallida andG. rostochiensis (golden nematode), and their preferred host, the potato, originated in the Andes of South America. Both were introduced into Europe from the Andean region, the potato about 1570 and the nematode nearly 300 years later. Potato cyst-nematodes are believed to have been introduced into Europe in the 1850’s along with potato collections from the Andes for use in breeding for late blight resistance, but the nematodes went unnoticed until 1881. Since that time the nematodes have spread to virtually everywhere that potatoes are grown, as one or both species have now been reported from 47 countries. It is believed that the golden nematode was introduced into the U.S.A. from Europe on military equipment brought back after the First World War to Long Island, NY, but the nematode was not recognized until some 20 years later. Yield losses in countries with general infestations of potato cyst-nematodes are probably 9% or more; the potential for losses is greatest in countries where average yields are greatest, such as the U.S.A. Good resistance to the pathotype of the nematode that occurs in the U.S.A. is commercially available. If all potatoes grown in the U.S.A. contained this resistance, further spread would be restricted and the golden nematode could perhaps be eliminated from the U.S.A.; but the present supply and diversity of resistant varieties are insufficient for the total potato acreage. Restricting spread of the golden nematode in the U.S.A. minimizes costs borne by growers and government agencies in dealing with the pest. At present, the most promising approach to restricting spread is through management systems developed for keeping nematode densities below the critical level above which spread will occur. If the golden nematode is to be contained, management systems must eventually be applied to all potato acreages. Increased research effort is needed to develop resistant varieties, resistance to a broad range of pathotypes, nematode management systems, and biological control  相似文献   

3.
A statistical analysis of the economic impact of Maine’s mandatory seed potato law was conducted. Results suggest that since the law was implemented, Maine potato yields increased, total Maine potato acreage decreased, Maine seed potato acreage increased, seed potato rejections from certification were reduced, seed potato prices increased, and commercial potato prices decreased. Attempts to estimate the impact on commercial potato quality were unsuccessful. The estimated impact of the Maine mandatory seed law on a typical 200-acre commercial potato grower was an average increase in profits of $14,700 per year since the law was implemented in 1981.  相似文献   

4.
Genetic improvement has been the principle contributor to productivity growth in almost all field crops. The Pacific Northwest (PNW) had the highest rate of potato yield growth combined with the least amount of varietal change in any specialized major field crop-producing region in North America. A coordinated potato variety development program, jointly funded by the USDA, the three land grant universities, and the potato industry in the PNW, was established in 1984. The program developed 17 new potato varieties during the 1989–2001 period, two of them are emerging as successful processing varieties. Ranger Russet, released in 1991, and Umatilla Russet, released in 1998, possess several desired quality and production traits. The most important of these traits is 20% higher processing yield than present varieties. Since their release, there has been significant increase in the percentage of potato area planted with these new varieties. The weighted average adoption rate of these new varieties in the PNW in 2000 was about 16% of the area planted with potato. This represents 32.5% of Washington’s potato acreage, 14.3% of Oregon’s potato acreage, and 9.0% of Idaho’s potato acreage. The benefit to investments in the PNW Potato Variety Development Program attributed only to the flow of benefits from the adoption of Ranger Russet and Umatilla Russet is estimated at over $104.3 million in year 2000 and projected to increase to $213.595 million in year 2014 and thereafter. Rate of return to investment is estimated at 35%.  相似文献   

5.
This paper provides some important data on the evolution of the potato crop in Romania including aspects of research and development, differentiated on the basis of period and location. The paper also presents an analysis of the causes of the low potato yield per hectare in Romania. An analysis of the situation of the potato industry in Romania in comparison with the potato sectors of other Central and East European countries, over the period 1996–2006, reveals that—after Poland—Romania occupies the second place in terms of potato acreage and total production. Present and future objectives are described to solve the current problems of the potato crop in Romania under the prevailing economic and climatic conditions.  相似文献   

6.
A probable human carcinogen—acrylamide—was discovered about a decade ago to form naturally in potato products cooked at high temperatures. Using incentive compatible lab auctions and adult consumers from three distant U.S. locations, we test food labeling and information effects on willingness-to-pay (WTP) for conventional and genetically engineered potatoes, fries, and chips to reduce acrylamide levels. These new potato products are the first biotech products to have enhanced food safety for a popular food in the American and European diets. Relative to an environmental group’s perspective, scientific and industry information significantly increase WTP for biotech relative to conventional potato products. In addition, we find significant location-specific fixed effects of information treatments. Scientific and industry information can be used to nudge consumers towards improved decision making and healthy diets.  相似文献   

7.
Fourteen United States (U.S.) seed potato certification agencies surveyed all U.S. seed potato growing areas for presence of the potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd). The survey included general surveillance, which involved searching for the occurrence of PSTVd in state seed potato certification records from 1990 through 2000, and a field survey, which involved testing selected crops for PSTVd infection by nucleic acid dot blot hybridization during 1999 through 2001. No PSTVd incident was documented in any of the state certification records, nor was PSTVd detected in the field surveys. All U.S. seed-growing areas were determined to be free of PSTVd. It is concluded that PSTVd has been eradicated and freedom from potato spindle tuber viroid has been successfully maintained in all of the seed potato growing areas in the United States.  相似文献   

8.
The effect of several cooking methods on the mineral content of three major U.S. potato varieties was assessed. Significant losses of minerals in potato flesh were minimal and were unaccountably associated with the Norchip variety grown in the Red River Valley. The Irish potato was found to contribute significantly to the U.S. Recommended Dietary Allowance for copper, iron, magnesium, and phosphorus in the diet of man.  相似文献   

9.
Pomerelle Russet is an early maturing fresh potato variety, which produces moderately high early-season (95–110 days after planting) yields of long tubers with brown-russet skin. It is notable for its very attractive, smooth tubers and resistances to internal and external defects with a high percentage of U.S. No. 1 tubers. Fresh merit ratings for Pomerelle Russet in trials conducted in Idaho, Oregon and Washington were consistently higher than Russet Burbank and Russet Norkotah. Early harvest yields for Pomerelle Russet are generally comparable to Russet Norkotah with a higher percentage of U.S. No. 1 tubers. Compared to Russet Burbank and Russet Norkotah, Pomerelle Russet has greater resistance to Potato mop-top virus, soft rot, corky ringspot and tuber infections from late blight. It also has higher protein and vitamin C concentrations than Ranger Russet, Russet Burbank and Russet Norkotah, indicating that it can provide an enhanced level of dietary protein and vitamin C relative to these standard potato varieties. Pomerelle Russet has moderate specific gravity and good resistance to sugar ends. It also has moderately long dormancy, about 30 days shorter than Russet Burbank. Average post-harvest processing ratings for Pomerelle Russet were similar to Ranger Russet and greater than Russet Burbank. Pomerelle Russet also has maintained acceptable fry color for about 180–200 days in storage at 8.9 °C, indicating potential for processing out of mid-term storage, with improved fry color uniformity relative to industry standards. However, its primary use appears to be as a high quality, early fresh variety.  相似文献   

10.
AC Peregrine Red is a maincrop cultivar that produces very uniform attractive tubers with a deep red skin color. Marketable yields and skin color retention in storage are superior to Norland in Canadian and some U.S.A. locations. The cultivar provides the fresh market industry with a high-yielding red-skinned potato, with good storage capacity and resistance to fusarium dry rot.  相似文献   

11.
This study focused on determining retail demand relationships between tablestock potatoes, frozen french fries, and potato chips. The impact upon potato utilization resulting from independent pricing decisions was also analyzed. Bi-weekly data were obtained from five Central Maine grocery stores and analyzed using multiple linear regression Sales of tablestock potatoes appeared to be influenced more by the prices of potato chips than by their own price. The reverse was true for both french fries and potato chips, as their own prices had a greater effect on sales than did prices of other products. The inter-product analysis indicated that independent pricing decisions, while increasing utilization for the market with the reduced price, might cause utilization of potatoes in other markets to decline, possibly to the extent that total utilization was reduced from the original level To reduce or prevent widespread economic injury to the potato industry, it is recommended that a coordinated marketing system be developed to guide the industry through the transition from a predominantly fresh potato market to a market dominated by processed potato products  相似文献   

12.
Gemchip, a new potato chipping variety, was released jointly by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Experiment Stations of Idaho, Oregon, Washington, and Colorado on August 9, 1989. Gemchip was tested in irrigated yield and chipping trials in the Western U.S. since 1982. It outyielded Norchip by an average of 23% and Atlantic by 14%, and it chipped well both out of the field and out of storage. Gemchip is moderately late in maturity and resistant to Verticillium wilt.  相似文献   

13.
Nine Irish potato varieties from five growing locations were assessed for mineral content to determine the contribution of the potato toward meeting the U.S. recommended daily allowances for man. With the exception of calcium, the potato is a significant source of minerals for which U.S. recommended daily allowances have been established (iron, copper, iodine, magnesium, phosphorus, and zinc).  相似文献   

14.
Two surveys, each including over 90 percent of Maine potato farm units, agree with the general trend in the United States of “fewer but larger farms”. The number of farm units in Maine reporting potatoes grown decreased from 1,479 in 1969 to 1,058 in 1976, or 28.5 percent. Average size of potato enterprise increased from 92 acres (37.1 hectares) to 104 acres (42.1 hectares). While a predominance of units were in the 50-to 79-acre (20.2-to 32.0-hectare) range in both survey years, the number of units reporting less than 100 acres (40.5 hectares) decreased by about one-third, and represented 64 percent of the total number of units in 1976. Sixty-two of the largest reporting potato farm units produced one-quarter of the State’s potato acreage of 1976 (27,500 acres or 11,130 hectares), whereas it required 84 to produce one-quarter of the total acreage (33,890 acres or 13,715 hectares) in 1969. There were about 1,450 farmers in Maine involved in growing one acre (4 hectare) or more of potatoes in 1976 as compared to an estimated 1,950 in 1969.  相似文献   

15.
随着黑龙江省西部地区马铃薯的病害发生日趋严重,马铃薯种植面积逐渐向黑龙江省东部地区转移。黑龙江省东部地区气候冷凉,非常适合马铃薯的种植。但是因为种种因素的限制,马铃薯的产量并没有提升上去。笔者总结了限制产量提高的若干因素,以期为黑龙江省东部地区马铃薯的高产提供借鉴。  相似文献   

16.
The economic history of potato storage was analyzed to discover the two common threads of value and ingenuity. Historical examples include the Inca Empire, the pioneer period of the American West and the development of U.S. storage technology since 1916. Storage technology has helped cause U.S. potato production to shift from South to North and from East to West. The technology has enhanced the profitability and value of storing fall crop potatoes. Costs of constructing potato storages in the U.S. range from $3.25 to $7.00 per cwt and ventilation systems from $0.30 to $0.60 per cwt. Analysis of storing Idaho potatoes for sale on the open market show that price volatility creates the opportunity to make money on storage but also the risk of losing money. Future storage technology will involve the tools of biotechnology and irradiation to control diseases and dormancy. There will be innovations in both cold storage and hot climate storage. Potato varieties and products of the future may have unique storage requirements.  相似文献   

17.
晋北丘陵山区马铃薯高产高效生产关键技术   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
晋北地区是山西马铃薯的主要产区,约占全省马铃薯种植面积的50%,但大部分丘陵山区由于生产条件差,生产方式粗放,生产力水平提升缓慢,单产低而不稳的问题一直没有得到很好的解决。本文简要分析了晋北地区马铃薯生产的优势与问题,从选择品种、水肥管理、种薯处理、规范化生产、病虫害防治及收获,提出了该地区马铃薯高产的关键技术措施,以达到指导生产,提高农民经济效益的目的。  相似文献   

18.
A common effort among members of the Association of Potato Inter-Genebank Collaborators (APIC) has yielded a global inventory of wild potato genetic resources that is freely accessible to researchers and breeders. In that database there are a number of accessions that originated from distributed progeny of a single original germplasm collection. The logical assumption has been that although these samples are in different locations, they should be genetically equivalent. This study tests this hypothesis by comparing 17 pairs of accessions of 16 different potato species, which are reputed duplicates preserved in the potato genebanks of The International Potato Center (CIP) in Peru and of the U.S.A. (USPG). The RAPD marker analysis revealed that even though the average genetic similarity of reputed duplicates was quite high, there were a few with significant differences. Similarly, SSR markers identified three reputed duplicates that were genetically different. SSRs revealed a loss of markers for some inter-genebank comparisons, a probable indication of genetic drift. Duplicate potato collections between CIP and USPG are in most cases genetically identical. The few exceptions merit further investigation regarding causes and the impact on useful traits.  相似文献   

19.
Field studies were conducted over a three-year period to investigate effects of potato virus X (PVX) on the Russet Burbank potato cultivar. Seed (PVX-free and PVX-infected) used for this three-year study originated from the same PVX-free source and was grown and stored under similar conditions. PVX-free seed was found to increase yield over PVX-infected plots by 9 to 32%. With these yield benefits, effects of PVX on either the incidence of verticillium wilt or plant nutrition were not significant. There was a trend (P = 0.10) for a reduction of mean tuber weight when the PVX infection level exceeded 19%. Because of increases of undersized potatoes, the yields of U.S. #1 potatoes were reduced as levels of PVX infection were increased. With a PVX infection level of 36%, the yield of U.S. #1 tubers was reduced by 21% when compared with plots having 0% PVX. At an 88% infection level, the yield of U.S. #l’s was reduced still further (36% lower than plots with 0% PVX). Results demonstrate the importance of the level of PVX infection to potato production.  相似文献   

20.
Potato is one of the most important world vegetables with respect to value of production and nutritional impact. Frost susceptibility reduces or precludes production on millions of hectares worldwide. In contrast to disease and pest problems, cultural or chemical treatments are not likely to be helpful in combating frost, so genetic improvement must be sought. Fortunately, wild relatives of the cultivated potato have been shown to exhibit frost tolerance far superior to that of cultivated species. In this research, over 2,600 accessions representing 101 species in the US potato collection at Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin were visually screened after natural frosts in a uniform field in 1992. This provided a more comprehensive survey of germplasm accessions, further characterized species’ hardiness and intraspecific variation. The most hardy species wereSolanum acaule, S. albicans, S. commersonii, andS. demissum. An additional previously unreported extremely frost hardy species (Solanum paucissectum) was discovered. This information should expand the insights and germplasm options available to those intent on breeding desirable varieties with high levels of frost hardiness.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号