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1.
Teton Russet is an early-maturing, medium-russeted, potato cultivar with high merit for both fresh-pack and processing. In early harvest trials in the Pacific Northwest, Teton Russet had total yields similar to Russet Norkotah, and higher than Ranger Russet and Russet Burbank. Marketable yield of Teton Russet in the early harvest trials was also comparable to or higher than Russet Norkotah in Washington and Oregon, and higher than Ranger Russet and Russet Burbank at these sites, as well as in Idaho. In full-season trials, while total yield of the earlier-maturing Teton Russet tended to be lower than Ranger Russet and Russet Burbank, marketable yield was generally higher than Russet Burbank across the majority of sites due to its higher percentage of U.S. No. 1 tubers. Teton Russet is suitable for processing, with acceptable fry color following up to 8 months of storage at 8.9 °C. Uniformity of fry color was also very consistent. Teton Russet has shown lower levels of the amino acid asparagine relative to Ranger Russet and Russet Burbank which may contribute to lower acrylamide levels in French fries and other processed potato products. Teton Russet is notable for having resistance to common scab (Streptomyces spp.) and Fusarium dry rot, and is moderately resistant to tuber net necrosis. Analyses have also shown Teton Russet to have significantly higher protein levels than Russet Norkotah, Ranger Russet, and Russet Burbank, as well as higher vitamin C content than Russet Norkotah and Russet Burbank. Teton Russet was released in 2011 by the USDA-ARS and the Agricultural Experiment Stations of Idaho, Oregon, and Washington, and is a product of the Pacific Northwest Potato Variety (Tri-State) Development Program.  相似文献   

2.
GemStar Russet, derived from the cross Gem Russet x A8341-5, was released in 2004 by the USDA/ARS and the agricultural experiment stations of Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. The foliage of GemStar Russet is dark yellowish-green, spreading, with large leaves and abundant white flowers. The tubers are brown, medium to heavily russeted, oblong, with a slightly prominent eyebrow, white flesh, and indistinct pith. GemStar Russet was compared with Russet Burbank and Russet Norkotah in trials across the Pacific Northwest for yield, quality, and disease response. Except for locations in southern Idaho, in general, GemStar Russet produced slightly lower total yield than Russet Burbank, but much higher U.S. No. 1 yield. When compared with Russet Norkotah, GemStar Russet produced similar total and U.S. No. 1 yields in early harvest trials but higher total and U.S. No. 1 yields in late-harvest trials. When observed for defect problems, GemStar Russet exhibited resistance to second growth, growth cracks, and stemend discoloration, moderate resistance to blackspot and shatter bruising, but a high level of susceptibility to hollow heart. In product quality tests, GemStar Russet was rated superior to Russet Burbank for french fry quality and comparable for baked potato quality. GemStar Russet was found to be immune to PVX, resistant to common scab and powdery scab, moderately resistant to Verticillium wilt, tuber net necrosis caused by PLRV, and corky ringspot. It demonstrated susceptibility to late blight, PLRV, dry rot, soft rot, and ringrot and extreme susceptibility to PVYo. Biochemical analysis of GemStar Russet tubers showed them to be higher in protein and much higher in vitamin C than those of Russet Burbank or Russet Norkotah. Three-year average for tuber glycoalkaloid concentration was 1.5 mg 100 g?1.  相似文献   

3.
Pomerelle Russet is an early maturing fresh potato variety, which produces moderately high early-season (95–110 days after planting) yields of long tubers with brown-russet skin. It is notable for its very attractive, smooth tubers and resistances to internal and external defects with a high percentage of U.S. No. 1 tubers. Fresh merit ratings for Pomerelle Russet in trials conducted in Idaho, Oregon and Washington were consistently higher than Russet Burbank and Russet Norkotah. Early harvest yields for Pomerelle Russet are generally comparable to Russet Norkotah with a higher percentage of U.S. No. 1 tubers. Compared to Russet Burbank and Russet Norkotah, Pomerelle Russet has greater resistance to Potato mop-top virus, soft rot, corky ringspot and tuber infections from late blight. It also has higher protein and vitamin C concentrations than Ranger Russet, Russet Burbank and Russet Norkotah, indicating that it can provide an enhanced level of dietary protein and vitamin C relative to these standard potato varieties. Pomerelle Russet has moderate specific gravity and good resistance to sugar ends. It also has moderately long dormancy, about 30 days shorter than Russet Burbank. Average post-harvest processing ratings for Pomerelle Russet were similar to Ranger Russet and greater than Russet Burbank. Pomerelle Russet also has maintained acceptable fry color for about 180–200 days in storage at 8.9 °C, indicating potential for processing out of mid-term storage, with improved fry color uniformity relative to industry standards. However, its primary use appears to be as a high quality, early fresh variety.  相似文献   

4.
Ute Russet is an oblong, smooth, fresh market potato with a dark net. It emerges slowly, produces an erect, medium sized vine, and is late maturing. Ute Russet is resistant toSclerotium rolfsii Sacc, and leafroll net necrosis, and moderately resistant toVerticillium wilt and scab. Its total and U.S. No. 1 yield potential is comparable to Centennial Russet in the San Luis Valley of Colorado and greater than Centennial Russet in Kern County, California.  相似文献   

5.
Frontier Russet, a new, medium-early potato variety, was jointly released to growers by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Experiment Stations of Idaho, Oregon, Washington, and Colorado on April 9, 1990. It was tested in irrigated yield trials since 1979. Frontier Russet produces a moderately high yield of high quality, oblong to long, cylindrical, russet-skinned tubers. The tubers are well suited for baking and for processing into french fries at harvest. Frontier Russet is resistant to Fusarium dry rot and more resistant to Verticillium wilt than other early russets.  相似文献   

6.
Lemhi Russet, a new oblong, russet-skinned potato variety, was released by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Experiment Stations of Idaho, Oregon, California, Washington, and North Dakota on September 23, 1980. The tubers of Lemhi Russet have been blockier, larger, 6% higher in solids, 50% lower in reducing sugars, and 25% higher in vitamin C than those of Russet Burbank. Lemhi Russet has averaged 34% more U.S. No. 1 tubers than Russet Burbank in 6 years of trials in five states. It was superior to Norgold Russet in yield and specific gravity in early harvest trials. In pilot plant and laboratory trials, Lemhi Russet made excellent french fries, baked well with a mealy texture, but sloughed when boiled. Lemhi Russet has a high degree of resistance to scab and net necrosis, but is susceptible to potato viruses S, X, Y, and to the leafroll virus. It is also susceptible to bruising and blackspot.  相似文献   

7.
Sage Russet was released in 2009 by Oregon State University, in cooperation with the USDA-ARS and the Agricultural Experiment Stations of Idaho and Washington. It is a product of the Northwest Potato Variety (Tri-State) Development Program. Sage Russet has a medium-early maturity and produces long, somewhat flattened tubers with medium russeting of the skin. Total yields of Sage Russet are similar to those of Russet Burbank and Ranger Russet, but are significantly higher than those of Russet Norkotah. Sage Russet has significantly higher U.S. No.1 yields than Russet Burbank, Russet Norkotah, and Ranger Russet. It can be grown as an early or late crop with high U.S. No.1 yields and minimal internal defects. It achieved very high merit scores in processing and fresh market in Western Regional trials and can be considered for both markets. Sage Russet has a medium to high fertility requirements with high nitrogen use efficiency and medium storage capability. Sage Russet has moderate specific gravity and produces lighter fry color than the industry standard varieties. The color of fried strips following tuber storage at 4.4 °C and 7.2 °C is significantly lighter for Sage Russet than the control varieties, indicating good cold sweetening resistance. Chemical analyses have shown that Sage Russet has higher protein and vitamin C content than control varieties. Sage Russet is moderately resistant to early dying, early blight, and common scab, is resistant to tuber late blight, but susceptible to Fusarium wilt and is prone to shatter bruise.  相似文献   

8.
Ranger Russet, a new full-season potato variety, was jointly released to growers by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Experiment Stations of Idaho, Oregon, Washington, and Colorado on May 14, 1991. Ranger Russet was tested in irrigated performance trials in the Western U.S. since 1979. It produces a large yield of high quality, long, russet-skinned tubers that are well suited for baking and processing into french fries. Ranger Russet is more resistant than Russet Burbank to Verticillium wilt, viruses X and Y, leafroll net necrosis, and Fusarium dry rot. It is highly resistant to hollow heart.  相似文献   

9.
Gem Russet, a new medium maturing, long russet potato variety, was released in 2000 by the USDA/ARS and the experiment stations of Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. It is suited for use in the fresh, frozen-fried processing, and dehydration markets. Total tuber yield of Gem Russet is similar to that of Russet Burbank when grown in eastern Idaho, but lower when grown in the long-season areas of western Idaho and the Columbia Basin of Oregon and Washington. U.S. No. 1 yield is consistently higher that that of Russet Burbank. Tubers of Gem Russet have good processing and baked quality. Gem Russet is resistant to most external and internal physiological defects, including second growth, growth cracks, shatter bruise, and hollow heart. It is moderately susceptible to blackspot bruise. Gem Russet shows extreme resistance to potato virus X, resistance to common scab, and moderate resistance to early dying. Biochemical analysis of Gem Russet tubers has shown higher solids, lower reducing sugar and glycoalkaloid content, and higher concentration of protein and vitamin C when compared with tubers of Russet Burbank.  相似文献   

10.
‘Alturas’, a late-maturing, high-yielding, russet potato cultivar with high tuber specific gravity, was released in 2002 by the USDA-ARS and the Agricultural Experiment Stations of Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. Originally selected for dehydration processing, its cold-sweetening resistance also makes it suitable for processing out of storage into french fries and other frozen potato products. Culinary quality is high, with larger tubers suitable for fresh market if heavily russeted skin is not essential. Alturas consistently produced greater total and U.S. No. 1 yields than ‘Russet Burbank’ and ‘Ranger Russet’ in southern Idaho trials. Across other western trial sites, total yields of Alturas have on average been 29% and 14% greater than Russet Burbank and Ranger Russet, respectively. Alturas is resistant to Verticillium wilt (Verticillium dahliae) and early blight (Alternaria solani). Compared with Russet Burbank and Ranger Russet, Alturas is less susceptible to corky ringspot and foliar and tuber infection by late blight (Phytophthora infestans). It also is less susceptible to tuber net necrosis and Fusarium dry rot than Russet Burbank, and is more resistant to common scab (Streptomyces scabies) than Ranger Russet. However, Alturas is more susceptible to infection by PVY and PVX than Ranger Russet. Total nitrogen application recommendations for Alturas are approximately 40% less than those for Russet Burbank. Alturas requires 15% to 20% more water during the growing season than does Russet Bur-bank.  相似文献   

11.
Previous research suggests that field greening of potato tubers can be minimized by planting seedpieces at an appropriate depth along with sufficient hilling to minimize exposure to sunlight. The appropriate planting depth and hilling practices to minimize field tuber greening have not been determined for newer cultivars. Two separate studies, each conducted for three years, are reported here. The first measured the effect of seedpiece planting depth on the yield, quality, and field greening tuber yield of ‘Russet Burbank’, ‘Frontier Russet’, and ‘Shepody’ potatoes. Seedpieces were handplanted in pre-formed hills at 8, 15, or 23 cm measured from the top of the seedpiece to the top of the hill. Planting at 23 cm resulted in significantly lower total yield compared with the 8- and 15-cm depths for Russet Burbank and Frontier Russet, but planting depth did not affect total yield of Shepody. U.S. No. 1 yield of Russet Burbank was not affected by planting depth, but U.S. No. 1 yield of Frontier Russet was significantly less at the 23-cm depth. For Shepody, the 8-cm depth caused a significant reduction in U.S. No. 1 yield compared with the 15-cm depth. Field greening tuber yield of Russet Burbank was significantly less at the 23-cm planting depth compared to 8 cm. For Frontier Russet and Shepody, planting at 15 or 23 cm resulted in significantly less field tuber greening compared to the 8-cm depth. The second experiment examined the effects of planting depth and hilling practices on yield, quality, and field tuber greening of Russet Burbank and Gem Russet potatoes. Six planting depth and hilling treatment combinations were used. Seedpieces were planted at a depth of either 8 or 15 cm, then hilled to either 15 or 23 cm at emergence or after plants had formed a rosette of leaves approximately 10 cm in diameter (post-emergence hilling). At-emergence hilling treatments had no effect on total or U.S. No. 1 yields of Russet Burbank compared with the 15-cm planting depth, non-hilled control. However, all post-emergence hilling treatments significantly reduced Russet Burbank total and U.S. No. 1 yields. Planting Russet Burbank at 8 cm and hilling to 23 cm at emergence, or planting at 8 or 15 cm and hilling to 23 cm post-emergence reduced field tuber greening of Russet Burbank. The effects of planting depth and hilling on Gem Russet total and U.S. No. 1 yields were less definitive than for Russet Burbank, and no treatments significantly reduced field tuber greening yield compared with the control.  相似文献   

12.
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars are mostly planted using similar seed piece planting depths and hill shapes even though cultivars have unique tuber and stolon characteristics. A hill-shape study was conducted at Aberdeen, Idaho to determine the effects of hill shape on yield and field-green tuber yields and quality along with stolon length and tuber spatial orientation for two potato cultivars, 'Defender' and 'Summit Russet.' Plots were planted in late April to early May. Prior to emergence four hill shapes were formed: 1) plant-and-drag, 2) broad, 3) normal, and 4) peaked. Defender had higher total yield with the broad hill, but there were no differences among the remaining three hill shapes. For Defender, U.S. No. 1 yield was lower with the plant-and-drag hill shape, and the normal and peaked hills produced lower field-green tuber yield. Hill shape had no effect on total, U.S. No. 1, or field-green tuber yields of Summit Russet. The peaked hill resulted in a deeper uppermost tuber for Defender, while the uppermost tuber was deeper in the normal and peaked hills for Summit Russet. The broad hill resulted in a larger average tuber size for Defender, but hill shape had no effect on tuber size for Summit Russet. Total number of tubers per plant, stolon length and tuber spatial orientation were not affected by hill shape for either cultivar. Hill shape and height are important considerations in maximizing yield of saleable tubers, so needs to be customized according to cultivar-dependent stolon length and tuber orientation characteristics.  相似文献   

13.
A compact subsoil restricts rooting and reduces the volume of soil from which plant roots can obtain water and nutrients. A reduced water supply may result in severe plant water stress between irrigations. A study was conducted on a sandy soil to evaluate the responses of three early potato cultivars (Norgold Russet, HiLite Russet, and Russet Norkotah) to subsoiling to loosen a compact subsoil and to four irrigation regimes. Differences among cultivar responses to irrigation and subsoiling treatments were minor. All performed best with daily irrigation to replace évapotranspiration (ET) and poorest when irrigation was interrupted during tuber bulking. With daily irrigation to replace ET, subsoiling had little benefit, but with inadequate irrigation, subsoiling improved yield and quality of tubers compared to not subsoiling. Averaged over all treatments, HiLite was the lowest yielding cultivar and had the least U.S. No. 1 and the most undersize tubers. Norkotah had the most U.S. No. 1 and the fewest undersize tubers.  相似文献   

14.
Bannock Russet, a late-maturing, long russet potato cultivar, was released in 1999 by the USDA-ARS and the experiment stations of Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. It is suitable for processing into french fries and other frozen products. Its attractive russeted skin and excellent culinary qualities also make it suitable for fresh market. Bannock Russet, in comparisons with Russet Burbank, has consistently produced greater U.S. No. 1 yields in trials conducted throughout southern Idaho. In other western trial sites, total yields of Bannock Russet have been comparable to or smaller than that of Russet Burbank, but its percentage of undersize and cull potatoes is consistently less. Bannock Russet is resistant to potato virus Y (PVY), Verticillium wilt, common scab, and leafroll net necrosis. It also has moderate resistance to early blight (foliar and tuber) andErwinia soft rot. With respect to other potato diseases/disorders, Bannock Russet’s level of susceptibility is similar to that of Russet Burbank; the exception being shatter bruise, with Bannock Russet displaying a greater susceptibility. Cultural management guidelines have been developed to minimize shatter bruise in Bannock Russet. Bannock Russet’s multiple disease resistances coupled with its low nitrogen requirement, make it a low-input cultivar that could significantly reduce growers’ production costs.  相似文献   

15.
Norgold Russet seed internally infected withVerticillium albo-atrum and free of external tuber-borne inoculum was planted inVerticillium-infested and noninfested soils to determine if intratuber infection affected production of this very susceptible variety. It had no effect on emergence, growth rate, size of plants, appearance and severity ofVerticillium-wilt symptoms, total yield, percent U.S. No. 1 tubers, or specific gravity.  相似文献   

16.
On a Declo loam, rooting density, final yield and quality of potatoes (Solarium tuberosum cv. Russet Burbank) showed no significant differences among conventional planting, ripping along the row, or forced aeration 30 cm below the top of the row. There were significant relationships between oxygen diffusion rate (ODR) and soil moisture tension (matric potential) at the 30 and 40 cm depths, but these relationships were not significantly different among treatments. In a complementary experiment, sprinkler irrigations at negative soil water matric potentials of 30–40 (wet), 40–50 (intermediate) and 50–60 kPa (dry,i.e., 0.5–0.6 bar tension) produced no differences in total yield. However, the wet treatment gave significantly more knobby and undersized tubers < 113 g (4 oz.) and a lower percentage of U.S. #1 tubers than the intermediate and dry treatments. Premium sized tubers > 284 g (10 oz.) were significantly higher in the dry than in the wet treatment. Fertilizer N was applied periodically during the season and petiole NO3-N levels indicated adequate levels with no differences among treatments in either experiment. So much attention has been given to the effects of drought and high temperature stress on the quality of Idaho Russet Burbank potatoes, that some growers may now over-irrigate. Results of this research indicate that attention should also be directed to the effects of excess moisture on the size and quality of tubers.  相似文献   

17.
The potato cultivar Defender is high-yielding, white-skinned, and notable for having foliar and tuber resistance to late blight infection caused byPhytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary. It was released in 2004 by the USDA-ARS and the agricultural experiment stations of Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. Defender is suitable for processing into french fries and other frozen potato products directly from the field or from storage. Defender also may be used for fresh markets in regions such as California, where cultivars with long tubers and white skin are traditionally grown. Resistances to late blight and other potato diseases make Defender an ideal candidate for organic potato production. Defender consistently produced greater total and U.S. No. 1 yields than ‘Russet Burbank’ in Idaho trials. In early harvest trials conducted in the western U.S., average total yields of Defender were 17% and 23% greater than yields for ‘Ranger Russet’ and ‘Shepody’, respectively. In full-season trials conducted in the western U.S., Defender averaged 10% and 15% higher yields than Ranger Russet and Russet Burbank, respectively. Specific gravity of Defender is consistently high, with values comparable to those of Ranger Russet; tuber ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) levels are also high. In addition to late blight, Defender also is resistant to tuber early blight (Alternaria solani, (Ellis & G. Martin), L.R. Jones & Grout), potato virus X, and net necrosis; it has moderate levels of resistance to Verticillium wilt (Verticillium dahliae, Kleb), pink rot, foliar early blight, corky ringspot, and Erwinia soft rot. Defender is susceptible to scab (common and powdery) and potato leafroll virus; it has moderate susceptibility to dry rot (Fusarium spp.) and potato virus Y. Susceptibilities to internal necrosis, tuber greening, and blackspot bruise also have been noted, but may be minimized through cultural and harvest practices.  相似文献   

18.
‘BUTTE’, a new long russet potato variety, was released by the Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture and the Idaho, Oregon, and Washington Agricultural Experiment Stations in April, 1977. Its tubers are similar to those of ‘Russet Burbank’ but BUTTE offers several advantages to growers and processors. BUTTE has averaged 7% more total yield and 25% more U.S. No. 1’s than Russet Burbank over 51 location-years of testing across southern Idaho, eastern Oregon, and in the Columbia Basin. Its specific gravity in these trials averaged .004 higher than that of Russet Burbank. Dehydrating quality of BUTTE is superior to that of Russet Burbank and the product has longer shelf life. BUTTE french fries well although it accumulates slightly more sugars in storage than does Russet Burbank. Its vitamin C content has averaged 58% higher and protein content 20% higher than that of Russet Burbank. BUTTE is hypersensitive to virus X and resistant to net necrosis. Other disease reactions are similar to those of Russet Burbank.  相似文献   

19.
A three-year study was conducted from 1991 through 1993 to evaluate the field performance of potato clones that had been selected for resistance to wilt symptom development and stem colonization byVerticillium dahliae. The total yield, size distribution, and specific-gravity of these highly resistant clones were compared with standard cultivars and two parent clones with high Verticillium resistance and high yield, A66107-51 and A68113-4. Two groups of Verticillium resistant germplasm were selected in 1991. One group was the highly resistant progeny from a cross between A66107-51 and A68113-4. The second group consisted of hybrids between wild species accessions with high Verticillium resistance and cultivated diploid and tetraploid germplasm. Twenty-one out of 125 progeny clones from the A66107-51 × A68113-4 cross were highly resistant to Verticillium infection and were tested in yield trials for two years. Another eight selections had high Verticillium resistance but such low yield of seed tubers that they were tested only one year for yield. Eleven of the original 29 highly resistant selections were significantly lower in total yield than Russet Burbank. Only one clone was significantly higher in yield than RB, and none outyielded either of the resistant parents. Reddale and Century Russet had moderate to high Verticillium resistance, respectively. Both outyielded Russet Burbank and were comparable with the high yielding resistant parents. Of 15 interspecific hybrids tested in 1991, only four had sufficient yield to produce seed for yield trials and good wilt resistance after three successive seasons of evaluation. We concluded from this study that selecting at early stages of variety development strictly for Verticillium resistance is likely to be inefficient. Rather, selection should be for yield and other agronomic criteria in Verticillium infested fields.  相似文献   

20.
Tuber shape phenotype is an important determinant of raw product (≥7.6-cm-long French fries) recovery for frozen processing. Tuber length-to-width (L/W) ratios ≥1.8 translate to maximum yield of raw product; however, some cultivars produce tubers with much lower L/W ratios. While gibberellin (GA) can be used to elongate tubers, it also decreases tuber size and can thereby attenuate raw product recovery. We investigated the utility of GA and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) combination treatments for modifying tuber set, size, and shape to increase yield of raw product from ‘Payette Russet’ and ‘Alturas’; two late-season frozen-processing cultivars that often produce tubers with undesirably low L/W ratios. Models describing L/W ratio and fry yield by tuber size class were developed to translate total U.S. No. 1 tuber yields (>113 g) into yield of raw product. Increases in the L/W ratios of 113–284-g tubers had a greater effect on recovery of French fries (% fresh wt) than for tubers >284 g. Undersize (<113 g) and oversize (>340 g) tubers yielded 0 and 96% fries, respectively, regardless of L/W ratio. GA applied as a seed treatment effectively hastened emergence and altered tuber shape by increasing the L/W ratios of ‘Alturas’ and ‘Payette Russet’ tubers, enhancing total fry yield for the 113–340-g tubers by 24–46%, depending on concentration and application technique (dip, spray, in-furrow). However, GA also decreased apical dominance and shifted tuber size distribution away from >284-g tubers toward higher yields of <170-g tubers, erasing the gains in fry yield when all size classes (>113 g) were considered. When combined with GA, NAA maintained apical dominance, attenuated the shift in tuber size distribution, had no effect on the GA-induced increase in tuber L/W ratio, and only partly moderated the GA-induced stimulation of plant emergence. Raw product yield from ‘Payette Russet’ increased 12–39% in spray application trials by using NAA to confine the effect of GA to tuber shape and limit the loss of U.S. No. 1 tubers to undersize. Increases in tuber L/W ratio with GA/NAA seed treatments translated to increased yield of fries only when the relative concentrations were adjusted to minimize loss of >284-g tubers and gain in undersize tubers, as dictated by cultivar sensitivity to GA. ‘Alturas’ was less sensitive to GA than ‘Payette Russet’ for shifts in tuber size distribution but not shape, resulting in 17% increase in raw product with GA alone in pre-plant seed spray application studies. GA/NAA combination treatments provide an effective approach to manipulate tuber size distribution and enhance the yield of raw product for frozen processing in cultivars with a rounder tuber shape phenotype.  相似文献   

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