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1.
番木瓜是我国著名的热带、亚热带水果之一,但番木瓜属于呼吸跃变型果实,采后不耐贮运,其中由炭疽病引起的腐烂损失最为严重。因此,如何防治番木瓜采后炭疽病,降低番木瓜腐烂损失,延长贮藏保鲜期,成了制约番木瓜产业健康发展的瓶颈问题。本文以‘大青’番木瓜为试验材料,以绿色环保的肉桂精油-壳聚糖复合保鲜液为处理手段,研究其对采后番木瓜炭疽病的防治效果及作用机制,为我国番木瓜采后贮运保鲜产业发展提供理论依据和应用参考。分别用0.5%壳聚糖、0.5%壳聚糖+0.3%肉桂精油、0.5%壳聚糖+0.5%肉桂精油、0.5%壳聚糖+0.7%肉桂精油溶液对采后番木瓜果实进行喷雾处理,清水处理作为对照,处理后的番木瓜分为2组,其中一组处理后置于25℃下恒温贮藏,定期测定果实病情指数;另一组处理后置于25℃下恒温贮藏24 h后,在果面刺伤接种番木瓜炭疽菌,定期调查果实病斑直径,并对果皮进行取样,测定不同处理果实的抗病相关物质含量和抗病相关酶活性的变化情况。番木瓜炭疽菌的离体抑菌实验采用含药PDA平板抑菌法进行测定。研究结果表明:0.5%壳聚糖+0.3%肉桂精油处理对番木瓜炭疽病的防治效果最好,复合处理可完全抑制离体番木瓜炭疽菌的生长和产孢,复合处理显著降低了番木瓜果实的病斑直径,提高了抗病相关物质木质素、总酚(TP)和过氧化氢(H2O2)的含量,提高了抗病相关酶苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、过氧化物酶(POD)和β-1,3葡聚糖酶(β-1,3-GA)的活性,但对几丁质酶(CHI)活性影响不大。由此可见,肉桂精油复合壳聚糖涂膜对番木瓜炭疽菌有较好的防控效果,一方面是由于复合处理抑制了番木瓜炭疽菌的生长,另一方面是复合处理诱导番木瓜果实提高了抗病性。因此,适宜浓度的肉桂精油复合壳聚糖涂膜处理为防控番木瓜采后炭疽病提供了一种绿色新途径。 相似文献
2.
1-甲基环丙烯控制采后‘油木奈’果实腐烂与抗病相关酶诱导的关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
探讨1-甲基环丙烯（1-MCP）对采后‘油木奈’果实腐烂的控制与抗病相关酶诱导的关系。采后‘油木奈’果实用0（对照）和1.2 μL/L的1-MCP处理12 h后,在（25±1）℃下贮藏。贮藏期间定期测定腐烂率、抗病相关酶如几丁质酶、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶、苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）、多酚氧化酶（PPO）和过氧化物酶（POD）等活性的变化。研究结果表明：与对照果实相比,1-MCP处理能有效降低‘油木奈’果实腐烂率,提高几丁质酶、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶、PPO和POD的活性。因此认为,1-MCP控制采后‘油木奈’果实的腐烂与抗病相关酶活性的升高有关,抗病性诱导是1-MCP控制采后‘油木奈’果实腐烂的重要原因之一。 相似文献
3.
本文以‘美中红’番木瓜为试材,研究了热处理复合香茅精油处理对番木瓜果实采后保鲜效果及软化相关酶的影响,测定了贮藏过程中果实失重率、硬度、颜色、可溶性固形物（TSS）、可滴定酸（TA）、维生素C（Vc）和呼吸速率,还测定了多聚半乳糖醛酸酶（PG）、果胶甲酯酶（PE）、纤维素酶（CL）和β-半乳糖苷酶（β-GAL）等软化相关酶的活性。结果表明：热处理复合香茅精油处理可显著降低番木瓜果实病情指数和失重率,延缓果实硬度下降和颜色的转黄,提高果实中的TSS和Vc含量和果实固酸比,降低果实呼吸速率,延迟呼吸高峰的出现;复合处理可降低果实PG酶、PE酶和β-GAL酶活性,延迟PE酶峰值的出现,对CL酶活性影响不显著。可见,复合处理对番木瓜果实有较好的保鲜效果,复合处理延缓果实硬度下降与降低呼吸速率以及降低PG酶、PE酶和β-GAL酶活性密切相关。 相似文献
4.
探讨水杨酸结合超声波处理对芒果采后炭疽病的抗病性及其相关防御酶活性的影响。以绿熟‘贵妃’芒为试验材料,用水杨酸(2 mmol/L)、超声波(40 kHz,500 W)单独处理及两者结合处理,贮藏24 h后进行损伤接种芒果炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides),并在接种后第6天测定病原菌的致病性;同时,对处理后未接种果实,每2 d取样一次,测定果肉组织中苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、过氧化物酶(POD)、几丁质酶(CHT)和β-1,3葡聚糖酶(GLU)等相关防御酶的活性和果皮中总酚含量的变化。结果表明:水杨酸能有效抑制芒果采后炭疽病病斑的扩展,能够提高相关防御酶的活性和果皮中总酚的积累;水杨酸结合超声波处理显著提高水杨酸单独处理的作用效果,显著增强了果实抗病性,是芒果采后炭疽病防控的新技术。 相似文献
5.
纸片型1-MCP对杨桃果实采后病害的抑制与抗病相关酶的诱导 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究纸片型1-MCP(1-甲基环丙烯)处理对采后‘香蜜’甜杨桃果实病害指数、抗病相关酶活性和总酚含量的影响。采后杨桃果实用0(对照)和0.6μL/L的纸片型1-MCP处理12 h后,在(15±1)℃下贮藏。贮藏期间定期测定果实病害指数、果实抗病相关酶如几丁质酶(CHI)、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶(GLU)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性及总酚含量的变化。结果显示:与对照果实相比,纸片型1-MCP处理能有效降低杨桃果实病害指数,提高CHI、GLU、PAL、PPO和POD的活性,保持较高的总酚含量。表明纸片型1-MCP对抑制杨桃果实采后病害的发生与抗病相关酶活性的升高及酚类物质的合成有关。 相似文献
6.
壳聚糖处理对采后建阳桔柚果实品质和贮藏特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
探讨不同浓度壳聚糖处理对采后建阳桔柚果实在(10±1)℃下贮藏的生理特性、营养品质和贮藏特性的影响。结果表明：与对照果实相比,壳聚糖处理能降低建阳桔柚果实的呼吸强度,延缓果皮细胞膜透性的升高,抑制果实表面色调角h°值下降,果肉能保持较高的可溶性固形物、可滴定酸度、总糖、维生素C和类胡萝卜素含量,减少建阳桔柚果实失重和腐烂,保持较高商品率。其中以稀释500倍壳聚糖处理的保鲜效果最佳,果实商品率一直保持在95%以上,感病指数控制在0.1以下,而且果肉基本无汁胞枯水现象,贮藏后期果实的失重率可控制在5%以内。因此认为,稀释500倍壳聚糖处理是保持采后建阳桔柚品质、延长其保鲜期的有效方式。 相似文献
7.
贵州山地芒果复合保鲜剂的筛选及保鲜效应分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究复合保鲜剂对山地芒果的保鲜效应,选用赤霉素、壳聚糖和氯化钙3种保鲜剂对贵州山地芒果贮藏保鲜进行试验分析。以“桂热芒10号”为材料,综合发病指数、转黄率两个表观指标分析得出：单一保鲜剂处理的过程中,赤霉素浓度为300 mg/L,壳聚糖浓度为1.0%,芒果果实贮藏时间长,效果佳;复合保鲜剂处理中配制300 mg/L的赤霉素、0.75%壳聚糖和3%氯化钙组合溶液,芒果在常温贮藏下表现良好。并将这3种处理果实的呼吸强度、可溶性固形物和Vc含量进行比较表明：复合保鲜剂处理后,果实的可溶性固形物含量维持时间长、能有效延缓果实呼吸、维持Vc含量的降低。证实了芒果通过复合保鲜剂(300 mg/L赤霉素+0.75%壳聚糖+3%氯化钙)处理能有效增强果实在常温条件下的耐贮藏能力。 相似文献
8.
为了防止橘柚采后枯水腐烂,采用酸性电解水浸果处理,并结合海藻酸钠、羧甲基纤维素钠、茶多酚、抗坏血酸配制成的复合保鲜剂进行涂膜处理后,将橘柚果实置于温度为 (8±1)℃、湿度为75%~80%的条件下存放120 d,以好果率、失重率、细胞膜透性、可滴定酸度、可溶性固形物以及类胡萝卜素为指标进行保鲜效果的评价,通过正交试验确定最佳保鲜方法。本研究所用的复合膜是多孔网络结构的薄膜,空隙小而细腻、均匀分散,复合膜处理后的果皮表面平整光滑,断面结构致密,在果实表面形成屏障。结果表明：酸性电解水处理能有效控制橘柚果实采后病害的发生,复合膜处理可以较好地控制橘柚的腐烂和失水现象,延缓果实衰老,有效保持可滴定酸和可溶性固形物的含量,还能提高果皮色泽;正交试验优化得出最优的保鲜方法,以有效氯含量为30 mg/L的酸性电解水浸果15 min,并联合海藻酸钠0.5%、羧甲基纤维素钠0.5%、茶多酚2.0%、抗坏血酸1.0%配比组合下的复合保鲜剂涂膜20 min。因此认为,酸性电解水结合复合膜处理能提高采后橘柚的品质、延长果实保鲜期。 相似文献
9.
壳聚糖涂膜处理对鲜切杨桃的保鲜效果 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以"粤好10号"品种杨桃为材料,分别采用质量分数分别为0.5%,1.0%,1.5%的壳聚糖对其鲜切片进行涂膜处理.研究结果表明:1.5%的壳聚糖涂膜可有效抑制病原菌的生长,较好地保持产品色泽,并延缓了组织硬度的上升,提高了果实组织的v.含量,保持了较高的可溶性固形物含量;而0.5%,1.0%低浓度壳聚糖涂膜则会诱发鲜切杨桃腐烂,从而促进组织变色和硬度下降,加快了果实品质劣变.另外,病原菌生长会导致各处理的酸度上升;组织水分损失则与组织表面水分成正比. 相似文献
10.
以新鲜金线莲为试验材料,探讨不同质量分数(0.5%、1.0%、1.5%)壳聚糖不同处理(整株浸、根浸)对金线莲常温贮藏植株品质及采后生理生化变化的影响。结果表明:与对照组相比,采用根部浸渍的壳聚糖处理可以有效降低金线莲植株贮藏过程中的腐烂率和失水率,延缓可溶性固形物的下降,维持相对电导率较平缓的上升,说明壳聚糖处理对金线莲贮藏品质的保持具有较好的效果,可有效地延长金线莲的贮藏期,其中,以质量分数浓度为1.0%的壳聚糖处理效果最好。 相似文献
11.
Anthracnose disease of papaya, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz, can cause extensive postharvest losses. The goal of this research was to use pre-harvest calcium applications to reduce anthracnose disease. Six pre-harvest foliar calcium sprays were applied biweekly to papaya trees in experimental orchards at Universiti Putra Malaysia. Additional in vitro and in vivo tests were carried out to test the effect of calcium on fruit calcium content, spore germination, mycelial growth and disease severity. Calcium chloride at 1%, 1.5% and 2.0% concentrations significantly decreased spore germination. Calcium content of papaya fruit was significantly increased by calcium sprays at a concentration of 2.0% in 2012 and 2013. In vivo studies showed that increasing calcium content in fruit by calcium sprays at 1.5 and 2.0% concentrations significantly reduced anthracnose incidence of fruits during five weeks storage at 12 ± 2 °C, and delayed initiation of disease symptoms by four weeks. 相似文献
12.
Due to their flavor and nutritional characteristics, papaya fruit are consumed worldwide. As a tropical commodity, storage has serious limitations that result in their rapid deterioration and high incidence of rots during handling and storage. Postharvest handling of papaya differs according to destination. For export markets, there are well-defined postharvest steps established that include technologies that generally avoid disease incidence. For national markets, the postharvest chain is short but characterized by poor handling practices that can result in serious losses due to microorganisms. Anthracnose is considered the main postharvest disease, but development of other rots may also limit good fruit quality, as is the case with, among others, stem-end rots. Control of papaya rots for export markets are applied in accordance with import–export regulations, while for the national market it has typically relied on synthetic fungicides; however, due to their already known ‘side-effects’ on humans and the environment, other alternatives alone or combined should be tested in integrated technologies. We reviewed the available literature on different control methods to reduce postharvest diseases during papaya storage, including those that reported on their effects on fruit quality. Wax combined with fungicides and heat is currently in use. Other methods, such as the application of irradiation, antagonistic microorganisms and natural compounds [e.g. chitosan and plant derivatives (extracts, essential oils and isothiocynates)], are still under evaluation, but have yielded promising initial results. The application of various organic salts and minerals and modified and controlled atmosphere technologies using ozone and volatiles such as 1-methycyclopropane are also under experimentation. We believe that research areas that include preharvest experimentation aimed at reducing postharvest diseases on papaya fruit should be taken into account. Finally, the integration of more than one control method will reduce the incidence of rots, and therefore improve and extend the storage life of this important commodity. 相似文献
13.
阿米西达控制杧果果实采后病害的技术 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
进行了阿米西达控制杧果采后病害的研究。结果表明:在测试的3种药剂中,阿米西达对杧果炭疽病病菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) 的菌丝体生长、产孢及孢子萌发均有明显的抑制作用,而对杧果蒂腐病菌(Botrydiplodiatheobromae) 菌丝体生长的抑制效果较施保功差;采后用100~200μgmL的阿米西达控制杧果贮运期间炭疽病的发生具有较好的效果,而在此质量浓度时,对杧果蒂腐病和酸腐病的防效则不稳定;阿米西达结合热处理防治杧果炭疽病的效果更好。 相似文献
14.
为探讨亚精胺处理对采后番木瓜果实质地变化及成熟衰老的影响,以‘日升’番木瓜为试材,采用质构仪质地多面分析（texture profile analysis, TPA）法,对亚精胺处理后番木瓜果实贮藏期间呼吸速率和色泽的变化、果实各项质地参数进行测定。结果表明：适当浓度的亚精胺处理可有效延缓番木瓜果实的软化。其中5 mmol/L的亚精胺处理效果最佳,其次是1 mmol/L亚精胺处理。果实的硬度、咀嚼性、胶着性、黏聚性、回复性较之蒸馏水处理组均有所提高,并显著降低果实的呼吸速率,延缓果实色泽的转变。而10 mmol/L的亚精胺处理加速了果实的软化及成熟衰老。相关性分析表明,果实硬度、咀嚼性、胶着性、黏聚性、回复性之间均呈现极显著的正相关性,弹性与其他质构参数间呈现较差的相关性（P<0.519）。综上所述,TPA测试可用于评价采后番木瓜果实质地的变化。 相似文献
15.
16.
Efficacy of biocontrol agent Bacillus amyloliquefaciens PPCB004 was evaluated on the control of anthracnose and phomopsis rot in ‘Solo’ papaya pre-treated with 1-methyl cyclopropene (100 μl) (1-MCP) during storage. This treatment was compared to the untreated control, commercial treatment (washing in chlorinated water), stand alone 1-MCP and PPCB004 treatment. Although fruit pre-treated with 1-MCP delayed the ripening (100% yellow) after cold storage by 9-10 d, it showed higher incidence and severity of anthracnose and phomopsis rot than the fruit subjected to commercial treatment. Application of PPCB004 after 1-MCP pre-treatment (1-MCP + PPCB004) reduced the anthracnose and phomopsis incidence and severity after cold storage (10 °C, 85% RH for 14 d) and ripening at 25 °C. The 1-MCP + PPCB004 treatment helped to retain the fruit firmness, overall quality and uniform yellow skin (100%) and flesh colour after ripening. The PPCB004 was effectively recovered from stand alone PPCB004 and 1-MCP + PPCB004 treated fruit after cold storage and ripening. The PPCB004 population showed an increase by 1 log units after ripening in 1-MCP + PPCB004 treated fruit. After ripening the recovery of PPCB004 population was higher (0.7 log units) in 1-MCP + PPCB004. The total recovery of fungal population on the fruit surface after ripening was lower in 1-MCP + PPCB004 and stand alone PPCB004 treated fruit. It can be concluded that application of B. amyloliquefaciens PPCB004 with 1-MCP pre-treated papaya (at 25-30% skin yellow stage) can significantly reduce disease incidence associated with 1-MCP treatment. This treatment has the potential for commercial application in the ‘organic’ papaya industry. 相似文献
17.
Avocado fruit has high economic value; however, major post-harvest losses are encountered throughout the supply chain mostly due to anthracnose disease caused by the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Increasing consumer concern regarding food safety and demand for organically produced fruits makes it necessary to search for natural environmentally friendly alternative products and processes for the fruit industry; particularly in disease control. Antifungal effects of Gum Arabic (GA) (10%), Aloe vera (AL) (2%), chitosan (CH) (1%) alone or in combination with thyme oil (1%) were investigated in vitro. CH + thyme oil and AL + thyme oil [1:1 or 3:1 v/v] showed fungicidal effects while AL, CH, GA and GA + thyme oil [3:1 v/v] showed fungistatic effects on mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides in vitro. CH and AL coatings alone or in combination with thyme oil [3:1 v/v], either as preventative or curative treatments in comparison with commercial treatment (prochloraz, 0.05%) and untreated control were evaluated on incidence and severity (lesion diameter) of anthracnose in vivo. Preventative CH + thyme oil treatments significantly reduced the severity of anthracnose (8.9 mm) compared to thyme oil (12.7 mm), AL + TO (14.4 mm), CH (17.8 mm), AL (20.6 mm), PZ (18.3 mm) and untreated samples (34.8 mm). As curative method, the CH + thyme oil combination also reduced the severity of anthracnose by at least 4 mm compared to the other treatments. The total phenols, polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, β-1,3-glucanase, chitinase, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities, firmness and flesh colour were also determined. Results showed an increase in peroxidase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, β-1,3-glucanase, chitinase, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities and total phenolics with reduced loss of firmness and flesh colour following CH + thyme oil treatments. This investigation recommends CH + thyme oil [3:1 v/v] combination treatment as a suitable alternative to the currently adopted prochloraz applications in controlling anthracnose disease in avocado fruit during storage. 相似文献