共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
1.
芋头是江苏省特色经济作物,栽培面积大,地膜使用率高,但是地膜回收困难、无法自然降解所造成的环境污染,不利于江苏芋头产业的规模化、持续性发展。本试验以聚乙烯(PE)普通地膜为对照,研究聚对苯二甲酸己二酸丁二醇酯(PBAT)和聚乳酸(PLA)全生物降解地膜对芋头产量和土壤环境的影响。结果表明:PLA全生物降解地膜在提高出苗率、促进芋头营养生长方面效果明显,产量较PE地膜增产18.1%~27.3%,开裂时期较为适宜,控制杂草效果较好,能够有效降低人工成本,经济上可行;当年降解率达到80%以上,土壤残膜经1年左右自然降解和清除后,基本对作物生产无影响,可以作为江苏芋头生产中普通PE地膜的替代产品。 相似文献
2.
3.
摘要：为了提高全生物降解膜的降解可控性能及规模化应用性价比，通过技术验证和产品遴选，采用9种全生物降解膜及2种普通PE膜为材料，开展春甘蓝覆膜试验，分析了不同地膜对甘蓝生育期、农艺性状、产量及其降解情况的影响。结果表明：不同降解地膜覆盖效果与普通地膜基本一致，且对甘蓝生长和产量无不良影响，可满足甘蓝覆膜栽培需求；与不覆膜相比较，覆盖地膜可使甘蓝生育期提前3～6 d，其中结球紧实期均提前6 d，产量均显著提高，可增产38.92%～52.72%。全生物降解膜上海黑8（黑色，厚度8 μm）表现较为突出，具有适宜的降解期，增产效果（增产率47.47%）也较为显著。 相似文献
4.
5.
6.
7.
为推动全生物降解地膜在辣椒大田生产中的应用,筛选适宜的全生物降解地膜产品,对比了淀粉基、PBAT+PLA、PBAT+PLA+PHA 3种不同成分的全生物降解地膜在辣椒大田生产中的应用效果。结果表明：以PBAT为主要成分的2种黑色全生物降解地膜BM2、BM3对辣椒株高、开展度、茎粗、根系干质量均有促进效果,且均显著促进辣椒增产,比对照分别增产67.8%、72.7%;2种地膜降解规律适用于辣椒大田生产,残膜不影响农机罢园翻耕作业,在武汉地区春季辣椒大田生产中,可以应用Ⅱ类以PBAT为主要成分的黑色全生物降解地膜。 相似文献
8.
9.
Mater-Bi和PBS可生物降解膜降解特征及对加工番茄的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以Mater-Bi可生物降解地膜和自制PBS完全生物降解膜为试材,通过覆膜和填埋试验探讨2种可生物降解膜在加工番茄农田中的降解特征和应用效果,以实现生物降解地膜替代普通膜解决新疆农田残膜污染问题。结果表明:Mater-Bi膜降解诱导期为45d左右,PBS诱导期为30d,在农田填埋90d后,Mater-Bi的重量降解率为96.3%,PBS膜降解率为44.45%,二者在土壤中的生物降解性好;2种降解膜局部降解后,膜下0~25cm各土层的地温均小于普通膜,以Mater-Bi黑色降解膜温度最低;2种降解膜提高了加工番茄的成熟度和单株果数,但单果重和产量降低,Mater-Bi膜处理产量降低2.16%,PBS膜处理减产7.08%,如果配套适宜的栽培措施并延长降解诱导期,生物降解地膜的应用效果会更好。 相似文献
10.
11.
为筛选出易降解或易回收,对环境污染小,适宜在番茄生产中应用的地膜,研究了PBAT生物降解地膜与0.012 mm加厚型塑料地膜的差异性,以0.010 mm普通塑料地膜作为对照,对比了各种地膜的降解周期,以及对番茄生长和产量的影响。试验结果表明:在影响植株长势方面,3种地膜对番茄植株株高、茎粗、叶片数的影响差异不显著;在影响作物产量方面,覆盖0.012 mm地膜的番茄产量最高,其次是PBAT生物降解地膜,覆盖0.010 mm塑料地膜番茄产量最低;在地膜降解性能方面,PBAT生物降解地膜降解性能较强,0.012 mm加厚型塑料地膜韧性强,不易破碎,有利于后期回收利用,0.010 mm塑料地膜韧性差,不利于回收;建议生产中根据实际气候、土壤、作物等条件选择适宜的PBAT生物降解地膜或加厚型塑料地膜。 相似文献
12.
为在蔬菜生产中推广和应用适宜的地膜，实现绿色高效、清洁环保栽培，采用全生物降解地膜、高强度耐候地膜、普通黑地膜等不同地膜在茄子栽培中进行覆盖应用，考察不同地膜对茄子生育性状和产量的影响，比较不同地膜裂解程度、保温保湿及防草性能。结果表明：在茄子生育期内，高强度耐候地膜不易碎裂，仅出现2～20 cm的裂缝或孔洞，具有良好的保温保湿及防草效果，而全生物降解地膜在茄子生长后期出现20 cm以上的裂缝或孔洞（直径），在茄子前、中生育期具有保温保湿效果，但不能在茄子生育期内完全分解，有待进一步加强材料性能的改善。 相似文献
13.
不同地膜覆盖对春季马铃薯生长及产量的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以黑色膜、转光增温膜和配色膜为试材 ,研究了地膜覆盖对春季马铃薯生长和产量的影响。结果表明 ,转光增温膜的增温效果最好 ,其次是配色膜 ,黑色膜的效果较差 ,但也好于普通透明地膜 (CK)。转光增温膜和配色膜覆盖的马铃薯出苗较快 ,长势好 ,产量显著高于CK。黑色膜覆盖的马铃薯出苗稍晚 ,植株长势和产量受到一定影响 ,但其产量仍明显高于CK。配色膜与黑色膜覆盖在防除杂草和防止马铃薯块茎表皮变绿方面有明显效果。综合各项测定指标 ,认为配色膜的总体效果最好。 相似文献
14.
15.
有色地膜覆盖对生姜生长及产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
有色地膜覆盖具有比地上遮荫更好的降温保湿效果，晴天中午黑色地膜覆盖的10cm地温与CK接近或降低1～2℃，土壤含水量比CK提高3.57%～5.02%；灰色地膜覆盖的10cm地温与CK无显著差异，但土壤含水量比CK提高3.28%～4.68%。从而可增强生姜植株长势，使其茎秆粗壮，叶面积大，分枝和姜球数多，增产效果明显。黑色地膜覆盖莱芜大姜比CK增产16.4%，莱芜片姜增产14.6%；灰色地膜覆盖莱芜大姜增产131%，莱芜片姜增产 10.6%。 与地上遮荫相比，有色地膜覆盖每667m2可节约成本108～158.7元，与增产部分合计(按2元·kg-1计)，莱芜市试验可提高经济效益1217.3～1486.5元(莱芜大姜)；腾州市试验可提高经济效益735～969元(莱芜片姜)。 相似文献
16.
Plastic film mulches are often associated with increases in plant growth and yield of vegetable crops. Few studies, however, report on the effect of plastic film mulches on root zone temperature on broccoli. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of colored plastic mulches on root zone temperature and broccoli plant growth and yield Broccoli (‘Packman’) plants were grown using plastic film mulch and drip irrigation. The treatments consisted of plastic film mulch (black, blue, gray on black, red, silver on black, and white on black mulches) and bare soil. Colored plastic film mulches affected root zone temperature and the accumulation of soil degree-days. Mean daily RZT, maximal daily RZT and degree day accumulation in the soil were highest in dark-colored mulches (blue, black, red, and gray) and lowest in light-colored mulches (silver and white), while minimal daily RZT was highest in silver mulch and lowest in white mulch. Silver mulch showed the smallest diurnal fluctuations in RZT among plastic mulches, with the highest RZT during the night and among the lowest in the afternoon. Colored plastic mulches also affected broccoli plant growth and yield, although the effect of mulches was more dramatic in the spring than in the fall seasons. Broccoli yield was linearly related to both the vegetative top dry weight and root dry weight of mature plants. Broccoli yield was little affected at mean RZT of <21 °C but increased with increasing mean RZTs above 21 °C up to 25 °C. Thus, broccoli plant growth and yield responded more favorably to dark-colored mulches than to light-colored mulches, suggesting that broccoli benefited from increased soil warming. No high RZT stress effects on broccoli plant growth or yield were observed in this study. Thus, this study suggests that plastic film mulches, particularly the dark-colored mulches, may be an option for spring broccoli production in areas with cool conditions early in the spring. 相似文献
17.
The raspberry varieties Mailing Jewel and Mailing Exploit were used to study growth and crop responses to mulching and irrigation from 1957 to 1962 inclusive.Treatment A consisted of a wheat straw mulch applied deeply enough to form a complete surface cover; treatments B and C of water applications on unmulched cultivated soil at soil moisture tensions of 20 cm. and 50 cm. of mercury respectively, measured at 1 ft. depth. Treatment B was changed after i960 to a single 2-in. water application given when the raspberry fruits began to ripen. Plots under treatment D were cultivated, unwatered and unmulched.Irrigation greatly increased the rate of cane growth but this was found to be a disadvantage in raspberries grown as continuous rows because the new cane tended to chafe and obscure ripe berries. Restricting irrigation to the pre-picking period reduced height growth but did not appear to reduce cane numbers or crop yield. Crop yield was increased by irrigation to about 30% more than was produced on the unwatered and unmulched plots, mainly as a result of increased berry size, but the full effect of irrigation on yield was not realized because cane numbers and height were restricted. Under the conditions of this experiment, in which the canes were thinned to a given density and tipped to a given height, a single 2-in. application of water at the commencement of ripening, i.e. when the berries showed the first tinge of pink, was a very economic irrigation treatment. Irrigation slightly delayed ripening, probably because of the harder tipping required by the irrigated canes.The mulch conserved the equivalent of 2 in. of moisture and was intermediate in effect between the irrigation treatments B and C and treatment D in height growth, crop yield and berry size, but had a depressing effect on the production of new canes by the weaker-growing variety Mailing Jewel. 相似文献
18.
19.
Effect of irrigation rate on yield of drip-irrigated seedless watermelon in a humid region 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Seedless watermelon can be a profitable crop in humid regions such as the Delmarva Peninsula in the Mid-Atlantic region of the USA. Production using drip irrigation under plastic mulch is increasingly common but, although this is potentially an efficient production system, it is also complex in terms of irrigation scheduling. Experiments were conducted in 2004, 2005 and 2006 in Georgetown, Delaware to measure the effect of irrigation rate on yield of seedless watermelon grown with drip irrigation under plastic mulch. Relative irrigation rates were used to provide water amounts that ranged from low to high. The irrigation rates in all years included 50%, 100% and 150% of nominal crop water use, with additional rates of 0% and 250% in 2005 and 2006. Data from a nearby weather station were used to estimate reference evapotranspiration. Volumetric soil water content in the 50%, 100% and 150% treatments was measured in the center of each mulched bed using multi-sensor capacitance probes with sensors at depths of 10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm, 50 cm and 70 cm. Yield of seedless melons per unit area of land ranged from about 55–95 tonnes/ha, depending on the year and the irrigation rate, but within each year the yield differences due to the irrigation rate were not significant (p = 0.10) despite the large range in rate. Differences in quality, as measured by sugar content and the incidence of hollow heart, was also not significant. This lack of response to irrigation may be due to the ability of the root system to use infiltrated rainwater from outside the mulched bed. Growers in the region tend to apply more water than may be required as a form of risk avoidance. This study indicates that irrigation amounts could likely be reduced without having an adverse effect on yield. 相似文献