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1.
A 1‐year‐old, female spayed, domestic shorthair cat presented for blepharospasm of the right eye. Slit‐lamp biomicroscopic examination showed focal corneal ulceration and presumptive keratomalacia of the right eye. Examination of the left eye was normal apart from a focal endothelial opacity. Within the first 24 h of medical management, the right eye developed marked corneal edema and globular anterior protrusion of the corneal surface consistent with feline acute corneal hydrops (FACH). Surgical management consisted of a bridge conjunctival graft, nictitating membrane flap, and temporary tarsorrhaphy. Resolution of corneal edema and pain occurred in the right eye within 24 days. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) of the anterior segment was performed in both eyes. Conjunctival tissue from the bridge graft precluded examination of deeper corneal structures in the right eye. The left eye displayed a focal separation of the corneal endothelium and Descemet's membrane from the overlying stroma. These SD‐OCT findings are similar to the analogous syndrome found in humans and represent a potential etiology for FACH of the right eye in the case presented here. Unfortunately, the cat was lost to follow‐up and the progression of this lesion to FACH in the left eye could not be determined.  相似文献   

2.
The objective of the study was to determine the effect of topical 0.5% tropicamide on intraocular pressure (IOP) in normotensive feline eyes. IOP was measured bilaterally in 70 clinically healthy cats and gonioscopy (and goniophotography) was performed. Thereafter, 50 cats were treated unilaterally with one drop of 0.5% tropicamide. The contralateral, left eye served as a control. In the placebo group consisting of 20 cats, one drop of physiologic saline solution was administered to the right eye. In all cats, IOP of both eyes was measured 30, 60 and 90 min after topical administration. After unilateral tropicamide application, IOP increased significantly both in the right and in the left eye. Maximum average IOP increase was observed at the control measurement performed 90 min after treatment, with an elevation of 3.8 +/- 4.2 mmHg in the right eye and 3.5 +/- 3.6 mmHg in the left eye. Maximum IOP increase after treatment was 18.0 mmHg in the treated eye and 17.0 mmHg in the left eye. Measurements made at 60 min after treatment revealed a significantly higher increase in IOP in the right eye as compared to the left eye (P60 < 0.05), whereas the differences between right and left eye in IOP increase were not significant at 30 and 90 min after mydriatic application (P30 = 0.123; P90 = 0.305). Although tropicamide-induced mydriasis was observed in the treated eye, the contralateral eye did not show any changes in pupillary function at any time. With increasing age of the cats, IOP increase was found to be more moderate, whereas the gender of the cats did not have any significant influence on IOP changes. In the 20 cats in the placebo group, no significant changes in IOP were observed. We conclude that topical 0.5% tropicamide causes a significant elevation of IOP in the treated and untreated eye in normal cats.  相似文献   

3.
A one-year-old, castrated male, domestic shorthair was presented with a prolapse of the gland of the third eyelid. Similar to the dog, this cat did not appear to suffer from this eye condition. The prolapse was unilateral on the left eye. The right eye was normal. No accompanying eye diseases were found. Treatment consisted of a surgical pocket technique similar to the technique used in dogs.  相似文献   

4.
A 5-year-old, neutered male Domestic Short-haired cat was referred with a 5-month history of anterior uveitis and cataract in the right eye. Clinical examination confirmed anterior uveitis and immature cataract in the right eye and chorioretinitis in the left eye. Ocular ultrasound showed a retinal detachment in the right eye. Diagnostic testing revealed elevated serum titers for Toxoplasma gondii. Anterior uveitis in the right eye and chorioretinitis in the left eye progressed, resulting in blindness despite a 21-day course of clindamycin and aggressive topical medical management of uveitis. The right eye was enucleated and histopathologic evaluation of the globe revealed panuveitis and multiple organisms morphologically consistent with Histoplasma capsulatum. Systemic treatment with itraconazole was initiated. Vision returned after 3 months of treatment and complete resolution of the retinal hemorrhages with formation of a flat chorioretinal scar was noted after 6 months of therapy. Itraconazole was discontinued 7 months after starting therapy, at which time the funduscopic appearance of the chorioretinal scar had remained static for 1 month. The cat has remained visual without evidence of disease progression for 6 months following discontinuation of itraconazole.  相似文献   

5.
Histopathology of the eye is an essential part of ocular toxicity evaluation. There are structural variations of the eye among several laboratory animals commonly used in toxicity studies, and many cases of ocular lesions in these animals are related to anatomical and physiological characteristics of the eye. Since albino rats have no melanin in the eye, findings of the fundus can be observed clearly by ophthalmoscopy. Retinal atrophy is observed as a hyper-reflective lesion in the fundus and is usually observed as degeneration of the retina in histopathology. Albino rats are sensitive to light, and light-induced retinal degeneration is commonly observed because there is no melanin in the eye. Therefore, it is important to differentiate the causes of retinal degeneration because the lesion occurs spontaneously and is induced by several drugs or by lighting. In dogs, the tapetum lucidum, a multilayered reflective tissue of the choroid, is one of unique structures of the eye. Since tapetal cells contain reflecting crystals in which a high level of zinc has been demonstrated chemically, drug-induced tapetum degeneration is possibly related to zinc chelation. The eye of the monkey has a macula similar to that of humans. The macula consists only of cones with a high density, and light falls directly on the macula that plays an important role in visual acuity. Macular degeneration occurring in monkeys resembles histopathologically that of humans. Hence, the eye of the monkey is a suitable model to investigate macular degeneration and to assess drug-induced macular lesions.  相似文献   

6.
A seven-month-old, male Shih Tzu dog weighing 3.7 kg had an immature cataract in its left eye. A biomicroscopic examination revealed numerous vacuolations in the posterior cortices with nucleus cataracts, covered by an intact anterior lens capsule. The changes observed by ocular sonographic examination (OSG) of the left eye were hyperechoic, and a funnel-cone shape was observed posteriorly with cortex hyperechogenicity in the lens. The left eye was diagnosed as having a posterior lenticonus with congenital cataract. Phacoemulsification was performed on the left eye as diagnostic treatment of the posterior lenticonus and cataract. Postoperative OSG on the left eye revealed a V-shaped linear echo that was indicative of a posterior capsule of the lens. Moreover, it was confirmed that hyperechoic cataract material inside the lens had disappeared.  相似文献   

7.
A retrospective study was conducted to determine case histories, microbiological characteristics, and molecular subtypes associated with Listeria monocytogenes infections of the eye in large animals. For selected cases, environmental L. monocytogenes contamination patterns on case farms were also evaluated to probe for potential sources and spread of listerial eye infections. Records of 170 L. monocytogenes isolates from animal infections were reviewed to determine the fraction of isolates associated with eye infections (conjunctivitis, keratitis, and uveitis) of animals and to gather information on the clinical history of these cases. Overall, 4 of 170 Listeria monocytogenes isolates were associated with eye infections; 3 of these had occurred in cows and 1 in a horse. Molecular subtyping (by EcoRI ribotying) showed that 4 different L. monocytogenes subtypes were isolated from these 4 cases; the same ribotypes had previously been found among invasive animal listeriosis infections. Although a variety of L. monocytogenes subtypes were isolated from environmental sources, on 1 farm, the same ribotype associated with the eye infection was also isolated from a fecal sample of a healthy animal and from a soil sample. The data reported in this study further suggest that L. monocytogenes can be a cause of eye infections in several animal species. Listerial eye infections do not seem to require specific pathogen-related virulence characteristics but rather seem to be a function of environmental or host factors, such as direct exposure of the eyes of susceptible animals to high numbers of the pathogen. Although listerial eye infections are rarely diagnosed because of its ubiquitous nature, L. monocytogenes may have to be considered more commonly as a causative agent of eye infections in ruminants and horses.  相似文献   

8.
Each of 104 horses and ponies was approached for catching at pasture by the same human handler in a standard manner, either maintaining human-to-animal eye contact (EC+; n = 51) or avoiding eye contact (EC−; n = 53). A subset of 74 of these subjects were reevaluated 3 weeks later under similar standard conditions except with the eye contact condition opposite to that used in the first round. Nonparametric statistical methods were used to evaluate between subjects (round 1, n = 104) and within subjects (rounds 1 and 2, n = 74) comparisons of successful or unsuccessful catching outcome with EC+ and EC−. Catching outcomes were similar with eye contact condition. Although this study represents a single handler at one study site, results suggest that human-to-horse eye contact may not be an important influence on catching pastured horses. Certainly, further work is needed to better understand the role of eye contact in horse handling.  相似文献   

9.
Tear-deficient and evaporative dry eye syndromes of the horse   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Tear-deficient dry eye (keratoconjunctivitis sicca), and evaporative dry eye, with some overlap between these two categories, are two major categories of dry eye recognized in the horse. Careful examination of the eyelid margins, the inner and outer surfaces of the upper and lower eyelids, assessment of blink and third eyelid movement, specific testing of tear production, assessment of corneal sensitivity, and slit-lamp examination of the ocular surface before and after fluorescein dye application is recommended to detect dry eye problems. Rose Bengal dye application is also recommended in many cases. Facial nerve paresis is a possible complicating factor in some instances. Evaporative dry eye deserves closer scrutiny for it may be a contributory factor when ocular surface disease such as keratomycosis is present. Factors which influence ocular surface health need more close examination in horses.  相似文献   

10.
A 3‐month wild rabbit was presented for examination of ocular opacities in the left eye. A complete bilateral ocular examination including slit‐lamp examination, indirect ophthalmoscopy, tonometry, and ultrasound biomicroscopy was performed. Biomicroscopy of the lens of the left eye showed a retrolental fibrovascular membrane causing leukocoria. The opacity prevented biomicroscopy of the vitreous and funduscopy OS. No other disorder was present in either eye. Ultrasound examination did not show any difference between the right and left eye. Histopathological examination showed a 50‐μm thick, preretinal, retrolental, nonpigmented, fibrovascular tissue. Posterior synechiae were present, but no other lesion of the posterior segment was found in this eye. These ocular abnormalities are consistent with a persistent hyperplastic tunica vasculosa lentis and persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHTVL/PHPV), similar to those described in other species.  相似文献   

11.
Disorders affecting the control of saccadic eye movements result in involuntary saccadic oscillations and are widely reported in human medicine. Information regarding the occurrence and potential importance of saccadic oscillations in veterinary medicine is currently limited. The clinical histories of three dogs and one cat displaying involuntary eye movements consistent with opsoclonus are presented, with final diagnoses including idiopathic generalized tremor syndrome and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL). A dog with eye movements closely resembling macrosaccadic oscillations is also presented, for which a final diagnosis of NCL was made. All animals had clinical signs of cerebellar disease. As in human medicine, recognition of these forms of involuntary eye movement might suggest a cerebellar neuroanatomic localization. Opsoclonus and macrosaccadic oscillations are forms of involuntary saccadic eye movement that are both unrecognized and under‐reported in veterinary medicine.  相似文献   

12.
A 5-wk-old female dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) was clinically diagnosed with bilateral corneal dermoids, incomplete congenital cataracts, a left persistent hyaloid artery (PHA), and a ventricular septal defect (VSD). The corneal dermoids were removed by lamellar keratectomy, and vision improved in the left eye. Thirteen months after dermoid surgery, the calf was presented for enlargement of the right eye. Glaucoma was confirmed in the right eye, and corneal fibrosis and cataract were noted in the left eye. Persistence of the VSD was confirmed by cardiac ultrasonography. The calf was euthanized, and necropsy findings confirmed VSD. Histopathologic examination revealed bilateral corneal thinning and fibrosis, cataracts with retrolental fibroplasia, and retinal dysplasia. Additional changes in the right globe were anterior segment dysgenesis, ruptured lens capsule, chronic phacoclastic uveitis, and retinal separation. The PHA was confirmed in the left eye.  相似文献   

13.
Blue discoloration of the iris was found in the left eye of a male laboratory Beagle dog, which had a normal tricolor coat and clinically showed no visual impairment. Ophthalmoscopically, the affected eye revealed red-colored tigroid fundus, in which no tapetum was present. The retinal vasculature and the optic disc showed no noticeable changes. Histopathologically, in the left eye melanocytes had extremely few melanin granules in the anterior segment, including the anterior border layer, in the stroma and sphincter muscle of the iris and in the stroma of the ciliary body and choroid. However, the posterior pigment epithelium of the iris, the pigment epithelium of the ciliary body and the retinal pigment epithelium showed normal pigmentation. The tapetal elements were completely absent. Number and distribution of the S-100 protein-positive melanocytes with or without melanin granules in the iris, ciliary body and choroid of the left eye were similar to those of the normal right eye. Ultrastructurally, melanocytes in the anterior segment of the affected iris possessed no or few melanosomes which were incompletely melanized. In the right eye, no abnormal features were observed. Based on these results, the present case was diagnosed as unilateral ocular subalbinism with tapetal aplasia in a Beagle dog.  相似文献   

14.
An 11-month old entire male mouse was presented with mucopurulent discharge and corneal scarring of the left eye. This mouse previously had a history of ear mites that responded to therapy, and had undergone surgery to remove a large discharging mass from the left side of the neck. The eye problem was noted prior to surgery, but after the ear mite infection. Examination revealed absence of a palpebral reflex in the left eye, and no spontaneous movements of the left ear or lip and whiskers. Examination of the left eye revealed extensive corneal vascularisation and pigmentation. Intraocular structures were not visible. A diagnosis of facial nerve paralysis and secondary exposure keratitis was made. Surgery was performed to close the lateral canthus and reduce corneal exposure. Following surgery the eye discharge ceased and corneal vascularisation resolved, however corneal pigmentation persisted.  相似文献   

15.
Objective To evaluate the effects of liposome‐bound tetracycline eye drops in a rabbit dry eye model evaluating their advantage of being less allergic, preservative free and prolonged action compared with other tear substitutes. Procedures New Zealand albino rabbits were equally divided into control group and dry eye induced groups. Dryness was induced in 24 eyes of 12 healthy adult male albino rabbits by instilling atropine sulfate eye drops 1% three times daily for 1 week, then animals were subdivided into four groups; group 1 (rabbits with dry eye model), groups 2, 3, and 4: rabbits with dry eye model treated for 7 days starting on 7th day of dryness induction with either tetracycline, empty liposome, or combined tetracycline with liposome as topical eye drops respectively. Schirmer (STT) test and tear break up time (TBUT) were assessed on days 0, 2, 4, 7, 9, 11, and 14. Animals were sacrificed on day 14 and histopathological examination of the cornea and conjunctiva was performed. Results Tear break up time and STT test values were significantly improved in groups 2, 3, 4 as compared with group 1. The histopathological examination showed normal cytoarchitecture of corneas and conjunctivae in groups 2, 3, 4 against the dryness effect that continued to affect the cornea and conjunctival epithelium in group 1. There was a significant improvement in the group treated with liposome‐bound tetracycline eye drops (group 4) as compared with tetracycline alone (group 2) and empty liposome (group 3). Conclusion The use of liposome encapsulated tetracycline significantly improved STT and TBUT values as well as reverse surface ocular pathology.  相似文献   

16.
Objective— To report a technique for eye enucleation in standing sedated horses and to report outcome in 40 horses.
Study Design— Retrospective study.
Animals— Horses (n=40) requiring eye enucleation.
Methods— The eye was enucleated using a transpalpebral technique in 40 horses restrained in stocks and sedated. Anesthesia of orbital structures was provided by local nerve blocks and infiltration of the surgical site with local anesthetic solution.
Results— Affected eyes were successfully enucleated with the horse standing. Short-term complications included moderate swelling (5 horses) and wound discharge (1). Long-term complications were not observed.
Conclusions— A diseased eye can be safely enucleated with a horse standing.
Clinical Relevance— Enucleating an equine eye in the standing position eliminates the risks and costs of general anesthesia.  相似文献   

17.
An adult silver arowana (Osteoglossum bicirrhosum) presented with a 2‐month history of acute onset ventral strabismus of the right eye associated with a cystic structure overlying the dorsal aspect of the globe. Aspiration of the cyst, removal of redundant conjunctival tissue, and apposition of the surgical edges of the conjunctiva did not correct the strabismus. Magnetic resonance imaging of the head and histopathology of the eye did not reveal significant differences between affected and unaffected eyes except for a more posterior dorsal rectus muscle insertion site in the affected eye. This case report documents and describes a syndrome well known among arowana hobbyists as ‘drop eye’.  相似文献   

18.
ANIMAL STUDIED: A Royal Boa constrictor presented with retained spectacle of the right eye and a tumor-like appearance of the left eye. PROCEDURE: The snake was euthanized, the head fixed in buffered formaldehyde, and histologic examination of both spectacles and both eyes performed. RESULTS: The left orbital rim encircled a solid, scaly mass projecting 5-6 mm from the spectacular area. A cup-shaped tumor with a central keratin plug was observed microscopically. There was a thickening of the proliferating squamous epithelium, with squamous eddies and single cell keratinization. A few mitotic figures were seen in the basal layers but the tumor showed no infiltrative growth. The same morphology was observed in the right eye but to a lesser extent. The remaining parts of the eye were normal. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis was keratoacanthoma and this is the first reported keratoacanthoma of the spectacle in a reptile. Keratoacanthoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis when trying to remove retained spectacles from a reptile eye.  相似文献   

19.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate effects of daily topical ocular administration of latanoprost solution on intraocular pressure (IOP) in healthy cats and dogs. ANIMALS: 9 domestic shorthair cats and 14 dogs. PROCEDURE: Latanoprost solution (0.005%) was administered topically to 1 eye (treated) and vehicle to the other eye (control) of all animals once daily in the morning for 8 days. Intraocular pressure was measured twice daily for the 5 days preceding treatment, and IOP, pupillary diameter, conjunctival hyperemia, and blepharospasm were measured 0, 1, 6, and 12 hours after the first 4 treatments and 0 and 12 hours after the final 4 treatments. Measurements continued twice a day for 5 days after treatment was discontinued. Aqueous flare was measured once daily during and for 5 days after the treatment period. RESULTS: Intraocular pressure and pupillary diameter were significantly decreased in the treated eye of dogs, compared with the control eye. Mild conjunctival hyperemia was also detected, but severity did not differ significantly between eyes. Blepharospasm and aqueous flare were not detected in either eye. Intraocular pressure in cats was not significantly affected by treatment with latanoprost. However, pupillary diameter was significantly decreased in the treated eye, compared with the control eye. Conjunctival hyperemia, aqueous flare, and blepharospasm were not detected in either eye. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Once-daily topical ocular administration of latanoprost solution (0.005%) reduced IOP in healthy dogs without inducing adverse effects but did not affect IOP in healthy cats. Latanoprost may be useful for treating glaucoma in dogs.  相似文献   

20.
A 7-year-old female spayed European shorthair cat was presented because of visual reduction and a green reflex in the right eye. Examination revealed a 'D-shaped' pupil in the right eye and a 'reverse-D-shaped' pupil in the left eye. Both eyes showed fibrinous anterior uveitis with exudates in the anterior chamber and precipitates on the posterior surface of the cornea. In both eyes a chorioretinitis was diagnosed which caused partial retinal detachment and peripapillary oedema in the left eye. Histopathology revealed intestinal and ocular lymphosarcoma. The aberrant pupil shapes which persisted after death were due to infiltration of the iris stroma and were not caused neurologically. The observation that in both eyes only the medial parts of the iris were affected could not be explained.  相似文献   

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