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M. Van Oijen 《Potato Research》1991,34(2):123-132
Summary Potato cultivars of different maturity classes and levels of resistance toPhytophthora infestans were grown under several disease intensities in three field trials. Seasonal courses of ground cover by green foliage and
final tuber yields were determined. Light use efficiencies (LUE) were calculated from regression analyses of yield on cumulative
light interception.
Late blight reduced tuber yields by decreasing cumulative light interception without affecting LUE. No differences in LUE
between cultivars or cultivar classes were detected. Therefore, the maintenance of green leaf area is important when breeding
potatoes for optimal performance in the presence of late blight.
The results support the hypothesis that the correlation between lateness and reported resistance of potato cultivars is due
to the vigorous foliage growth of late cultivars. 相似文献
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马铃薯主要生理性状和产量性状相关性的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以大西洋、滇薯6号、PB04和PB08 4个加工型马铃薯品种(系)为供试材料,进行不同品种块茎形成期主要生理性状和收获时产量特性的比较及部分性状间的相关性研究。结果表明:在马铃薯的块茎形成期大西洋的光合速率最强,根系活力较强,抗逆性较强,其农艺性状和块茎产量特征均表现较好。相关分析结果显示,马铃薯的块茎数量、块茎产量、干物质含量和块茎淀粉含量与光合速率呈正相关,生物产量、块茎数量、块茎产量、干物质含量和块茎淀粉含量与叶片电导率呈负相关,而生物产量与根系活力呈正相关。 相似文献
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Starch Characteristics of Modern and Heirloom Potato Cultivars 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Diego Fajardo Kathleen G. Haynes Shelley Jansky 《American Journal of Potato Research》2013,90(5):460-469
In a number of ways, modern potato breeding efforts differ from those that created heirloom cultivars. As a result of the rapid expansion of the potato processing industry in the mid twentieth century, potato breeders shifted their focus from fresh market varieties to those intended for the fry and chip markets. Selection for higher dry matter content and lower reducing sugar levels in tubers was successful. This study sought to determine whether modern processing cultivars differ from heirloom cultivars for two major characteristics of tuber starch, amylose content and starch granule morphology. Since breeding efforts for processing potatoes have focused on the maintenance of tuber quality during storage, these parameters were measured in both fresh and stored tubers. Twenty cultivars selected to span the range of cultivar release dates in the U.S. were grown at Hancock, WI in 2009 and 2010 and evaluated for tuber amylose content and measurements of starch granule surface area, length, width, length to width ratio, and smoothness. These traits were found to be stable across years and during storage. Significant differences in the amylose content and starch granule morphology exist among cultivars, but there is no clear distinction between modern and heirloom cultivars. Genetic variation for amylose content and starch granule morphology was found within the set of clones sampled for this study. However, germplasm with higher amylose content will need to be identified and utilized in breeding if the nutritional benefits associated with high fiber and low glycemic index are to be realized. 相似文献
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Summary The ‘cutting technique’ or ‘tuberisation stimulus’ (TS) technique was investigated as a method of identifying heat tolerant
clones ofSolanum tuberosum ssp.tuberosum.
TS levels were assessed, using leaf cuttings, for 100 experimental clones growing under heat stress in a controlled environment
(35/15°C day/night temperatures, 16 h photoperiod). No correlation was found with the tuber yields of these clones when grown
in an irrigated trial in Israel.
The relationship between TS levels and tuber production was investigated using early and later maturing cultivars grown with
and without heat stress. These experiments showed that the cv. Blanka had high TS levels in all environments and high tuber
fresh weights when grown under heat stress. However, the correlation between TS levels and tuber fresh weight for all cultivars
was weak (r=0.45).
The results indicated that this TS technique is unlikely to be an accurate method of screeningtuberosum clones for heat tolerance. 相似文献
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Early generation selection in a potato breeding program involves visual assessment of economic worth based on appearance. Efficiency could be improved by using individual characteristics with defined selection behavior. This study was done to define the selectability of visible traits used for selection in the early generations of potato breeding. Twenty-seven traits were evaluated through three clonal generations using two hundred clones, twenty from each of ten crosses, taken from a population created to produce cultivars with long tuber shape and russet skin. Genotype × environment interactions, heritabilities, correlation coefficients among generations and locations, and rejection pattern analysis were used to quantify the consistency of expression for each trait. The chosen traits showed a wide range of heritabilities and consistency of expression. Traits were divided into three categories: those amenable to positive selection, those appropriate for negative selection, and those which should be ignored. The study showed positive selection to be possible for degree of skin russetting, and the incidence and severity of skin defects. It showed negative selection to be appropriate for incidence of second growth, growth cracks, tuber malformations, tuber curvature, pointed ends, the incidence and severity of russet patchiness, eye depth, tuber shape, yield, tuber number, average tuber weight, and flatness. To a lesser extent, negative selection could be used to reduce eyebrow prominence, degree of eye covering, and prominence of internodes. Traits too inconsistent for use in selection in early generations included uniformity of skin russetting, uniformity of tuber shape, and uniformity of tuber size. Severity ratings for second growth, growth cracks, tuber malformations, tuber curvature, and pointed ends were inconsistent and should not be used in lieu of incidence scores for the same traits. 相似文献
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Summary Available information has been reviewed on tuber resistance toP. infestans, its inheritance and breeding procedures used to obtain potato cultivars superior in this character.
P. infestans is worldwide the most destructive potato pathogen. Tuber resistance is an essential component of potato resistance as this
pathogen is often responsible for tuber rot in storage, and infected tubers of susceptible cultivars provide an important
way for its overwintering.
In Europe many cultivars and advanced breeders selections have been obtained with tuber resistance toP. infestans, but in the last decades no progress is noted in the mean level of this resistance in cultivars. The expression of tuber
resistance depends to a large extent on testing conditions and therefore it can be difficult to evaluate. Consequently making
progress in breeding is not easy, and also cultivar assessment data from various countries sometimes differ considerably.
It is concluded from published data that it should be easier to make progress in breeding potato cultivars with resistant
tubers if more attention is paid to combining the various types of resistance which are already known, and if the genetic
determination of durable resistance toP. infestans is better understood.
Professor Dr. K.M. Świeżyński passed away on 27th July 2000 相似文献
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Coloured potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) rich in anthocyanins are gaining increasing interest on the markets, mainly due to beneficial health effects. Potato
varieties containing colour pigments are therefore utilized more and more in actual breeding programmes. In this study, 10
purple-fleshed potato cultivars were compared in their resistance to soft rot caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum (Pc) with 10 white/yellow-fleshed potato cultivars. The results revealed that coloured potato cultivars exhibited on average
better resistance to soft rot than white/yellow-fleshed potato cultivars. On tuber halves of purple-fleshed cultivars, the
extent of rotting caused by Pc was on average 28.6% lower than on white/yellow-fleshed cultivars. The greater resistance of
coloured potatoes coincided with the presence of anthocyanins, higher concentrations of soluble phenols and elevated polyphenol
oxidase activity in tuber tissue. These three components were significantly correlated with the extent of rotting caused by
Pc. However, coloured and white/yellow-fleshed cultivars were not very different in phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and peroxidase
activity. There were also no significant differences in concentrations of dry matter, starch, crude protein and glycoalkaloids.
Key findings reveal that total soluble phenols and anthocyanins contributed crucially to resistance expression in tuber tissue
of coloured potato cultivars. 相似文献
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Potato late blight caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans is a devastating disease of potato worldwide. Most of the potato cultivars grown in conventional agriculture are susceptible, or at best moderately resistant, and require frequent applications of fungicides to avoid heavy yield losses.In field trials spanning four years, we have investigated the effect of potassium phosphite, an inorganic salt on potato late blight. Potassium phosphite is known to induce defence responses in potato and to also have direct toxic effects on oomycetes, which in turn counteract late blight and tuber blight development. However, the use of this salt is not yet implemented and approved in European potato cultivation. We compared the effect of phosphite alone with fungicides currently used in Swedish potato cultivation. We also investigated the combined use of potassium phosphite and reduced doses of fungicides. Table potato cultivars and starch potato cultivars with different levels of resistance were used.We found that potassium phosphite in combination with reduced doses of fungicides results in the same level of protection as treatments with the recommended full dose of fungicides. These combined treatments reduce the need of traditional fungicides and may also decrease the selection pressure for fungicide resistance development in the pathogen. In relatively resistant starch potato cultivars using phosphite alone gave sufficient protection against late blight. Furthermore, in starch potato a combination of phosphite and fungicides at two-week intervals provided similar protection to weekly applications of fungicide at the recommended dose. Foliar treatment with phosphite also gave protection against tuber blight at similar levels to that of the best-performing fungicide. Our data suggests that potassium phosphite could be used in potato cultivation in temperate regions such as in Sweden, at least in combinations with reduced rates of fungicides. The implementation of the use of phosphite in practical potato crop protection as part of an IPM strategy is discussed. Doses, intervals and combinations could be adjusted to the level of cultivar resistance. 相似文献
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本文 选用淀 粉含量高 低不同的 ８９２７３ 、农 牧７４３２ ２ 、３９０３６３ １８ 、３８８２２６ 单３ 、底西芮、紫花白、３８８２２１ ２ 七个品种 （ 系） 为材料, 研究了马铃薯生育期间叶片组织结构变化与块茎淀粉含量的相互关系。结果表明： 生育期间叶片肉总厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度与淀粉含量呈正相关关系, 并在苗期和块茎增长期达到极显著或显著水平; 栅栏组织细胞密度、海绵组织细胞密度与淀粉含量呈正相关关系, 并在苗期和块茎形成期达到显著或极显著水平; 叶片上下表皮气孔密度与淀粉含量呈极显著正相关; 叶柄组织结构与淀粉含量没有明显的相关性。 相似文献
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马铃薯品种淀粉含量和淀粉产量的表现及其稳定性分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
淀粉加工在马铃薯产业中起着重要作用。然而,目前广泛种植的原料薯仍然是淀粉含量不高的菜用薯。为选出适于黑龙江垦区种植的淀粉加工型马铃薯品种,试验采用随机区组设计,以‘延薯4号’为对照,对5个品种(‘同薯29号’、‘克新27号’、‘东农310’、‘内-9’和‘希森5号’)的块茎产量、淀粉含量以及淀粉产量进行评价,并进行稳定性分析。对照品种‘延薯4号’产量达46300 kg/hm^2,淀粉含量13.76%,淀粉产量6394 kg/hm^2,均表现出较好的稳定性。‘克新27号’产量(41731 kg/hm^2)低于‘延薯4号’,但淀粉含量(18.94%)高于‘延薯4号’,结果淀粉产量(7976 kg/hm^2)最高,但表现并不稳定。‘东农310’和‘希森5号’淀粉含量分别为18.33%和20.46%,并具有较高的淀粉产量,分别为6709和6658 kg/hm^2,表现稳定。该研究为淀粉企业正确选择品种提供了基础数据。 相似文献
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Changes in potato starch quality during growth 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Summary Potato starch quality parameters (amylose concentration, glucose-6-phosphate content and granule size) were analyzed in relation
to the harvesting date and tuber size of four cultivars. A significant increase in the glucose-6-phosphate content and granule
size of starch was observed during tuber growth, whereas the amylose concentration was constant. Granule size increased markedly,
whereas glucose-6-phosphate content showed slightly increasing values with increasing tuber size. Amylose concentration showed
no correlation with tuber size. We conclude that the changes in the granule size, glucose-6-phosphate and amylose content
of potato starch during growth are independent of each other. 相似文献
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Summary The relationship between carbohydrate metabolism and tuber initiation in potato was determined by monitoring changes in the
amount of starch and sugars along with the activities of sugar metabolizing enzymes upon transfer of plants to tuber-inducing
conditions (TI; short days, cold nights) from non-inducing conditions (NTI: long days, warm nights). Switch to TI conditions
caused an immediate slow-down in plant growth and triggered swelling of stolon tips, which went on to develop into tubers.
Leaves of plants moved to TI conditions accumulated less starch and sugar while their stolon tips showed a sudden upsurge
in starch content and a sharp decline in sugars even before any tip swelling was detectable. These changes were paralleled
by a transient surge in the activity of cell wall invertase (74%) and soluble invertase (30%) in stolon tips of plants transferred
to TI conditions in two unrelated cultivars under different experimental conditions. As the surge in invertase activity faded,
it was replaced by a substantial increase in sucrose synthase activity as the tuber enlargement proceeded. The transient increase
in invertase activity just prior to tuber initiation appears to mark a turning point in the transition of stolon tip to tuber. 相似文献
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Summary Offspring were produced from a cross between two long-day-adaptedSolanum phureja clones which carried resistance to tuber soft rot (Erwinia carotovora subsp.atroseptica). In tests carried out on the produce of field-grown plants raised from tubers, over fifty per cent of the 173 offspring
were found to be highly resistant. Assessments were also carried out of tuber yield, mean tuber weight, tuber number, shape,
regularity, flesh colour, texture of the steamed flesh, fry colour, after-cooking blackening, sprout length after storage
and overall dormancy. There were statistically significant differences between clones for all characters (P<0.001).
Twelve of the clones were selected on the basis of high resistance, yield, tuber weight, regularity of shape and absence of
after-cooking blackening. The value of resistant long-day-adapted diploid material for commercial breeding is discussed. 相似文献
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In order to determine proper selection criteria for tuber yield in potato clones obtained from true potato seed (TPS) and
to evaluate relationships between tuber yield and its components, an investigation was conducted using the five check cultivars
Agria, Marfona, Draga, Agata, and Arinda, and 120 potato clones obtained from TPS. The study was conducted in an augmented
randomized complete block design with three replications. Yield and its components were recorded. Correlation coefficient
analysis showed that tuber yield had significant positive associations with number of tubers per plant, average weight per
tuber (tuber size), plant height, diameter of main stem, and number of main and secondary stems per plant, whereas its correlation
with tuber dry-matter concentration was significantly negative. Number of tubers per plant, tuber size, and plant height had
significant standardized partial regression coefficients with very small tolerance and large variance inflation factor (VIF)
values. These were considered as the first-order variables in sequential path analysis. 相似文献
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Summary
Solanum tuberosum x tuberosum (TxT) families were compared withS. tuberosum x andigena (TxA) families as progeny mean, heterosis and heterobeltiosis for ten important agronomic characters by evaluating 72 cross
combinations (36 of TxT and 36 of TxA, from 18 common female parents), for three successive seedling and clonal generations
under short day sub-tropic conditions. TxA families had more vigorous progenies, higher tuber yield, higher number of tubers,
larger tubers and better general impression than TxT families. The TxA families were inferior to the TxT families for characters
such as tuber colour and uniformity of tuber colour, but their progeny means were within the acceptable range. High progeny
means of TxA families were associated with high heterosis and high heterobeltiosis in these families, although there were
a few exceptions. High mean performance for tuber yield and tuber number were associated with high variance of these traits
in TxA families. It is concluded that, unlike under long day environments, andigena adapted to short days can be used advantageously
for exploiting heterosis in the potato breeding programmes of short day subtropic environments. 相似文献
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本试验以7个优良马铃薯品种(系)按不完全双列杂交设计配制组合,分析了群体主要性状与生产力的遗传相关及其配合力效应.结果表明,群体平均单株结薯数、平均块茎重、商品薯数量和产量及小薯数量和产量与群体产量的遗传相关达显著或极显著.平均块茎重、商品薯数量和产量是筛选商品价值较高的优良群体的重要相关性状.亲本的一般配合力效应在平均单株结薯数、平均决茎重、商品薯产量、小薯产量和数量几个性状上对模型Ⅰ差异显著,组合间的特殊配合力效应均达到显著差异.特殊配合力方差为总方差的61.47%～147.52%,表明该群体的生产力主要由非加性基因控制.相对配合力总效应值与产量的相关达极显著水平(r_(3.4)=0.99).综合评定亲本801-5,Katahdin和Baraka在马铃薯群体和品种选育中具有较高的利用价值. 相似文献