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1.
中草药对欧洲鳗病原菌的抑制作用研究 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：15
测试了中草药对5株欧洲鳗致病菌的单独、联合抑菌效果，并测试了中草药、化学治疗剂联合抑菌效果。黄连、地锦草、乌梅、黄芩对病原菌抑制效果显著，中草药联合无显著提高药效作用，其使用效果与其中抑菌效果最强药物的含量相关，中草药化学治疗剂联合对病原菌作用效果显著。 相似文献
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用改良二倍稀释法和抑菌圈法测定了24种单方中草药和9种复方中草药对刺参腐皮综合征4种重要病原菌灿烂弧菌、假交替单胞菌、哈维氏弧菌和恶臭假单胞菌的体外抑菌活性。结果显示,不同中草药对特定病原菌抑菌效果差异较大,单方中草药最低抑菌浓度（MIC）为1.56mg/ml,中草药水煎剂H-5和H-9对假交替单胞菌的抑菌圈最大,达22mm。单方中草药中穿心莲、大青叶、金银花和川芎4种中草药对4株病原菌抑菌效果最好,其水煎剂对4株病原菌平均抑菌浓度分别为6.25、7.81、5.86和3.52mg/ml;平均抑菌圈直径分别是17.5、11.3、14.0和11.5mm。将筛选的4种单方中草药组成9种复方,复方MIC和抑菌圈均显著好于单方,最低MIC降低到0.20mg/ml。其中复方HC-G和HC-D抑菌浓度最低,效果最好,平均抑菌浓度分别降低为0.54和0.64mg/ml;平均抑菌圈直径分别为15.3mm和16.3mm。试验结果显示,复方最佳配比为穿心莲、大青叶、金银花和川芎=2∶1∶3∶2。该复方可为生产高效专用中草药,以替代抗生素,为刺参健康养殖提供技术保障。 相似文献
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《畜禽业》2020,(9)
目的为研究秦皇岛地区流行貉源肠炎沙门菌对抗生素类药物和中草药水煎剂敏感性。方法采用KB纸片法检测试验菌株对15种抗生素类药物的敏感性,采用牛津杯法检测11味中草药水煎剂对试验菌株的抑菌效果。结果试验菌株对阿米卡星、氟苯尼考表现为敏感,对头孢曲松表现为中介,对氨苄西林、阿莫西林、新霉素等共12种抗生素药物表现耐药;试验菌株对石榴皮、乌梅、苏木等5种中药水煎剂表现为高敏,对五倍子和黄芩共2种中草药水煎剂表现为中敏,女贞子、连翘、金银花、黄连共4种中草药水煎剂对试验菌株未表现出明显抑菌效果,结论试验菌株具有多重耐药性,部分中草药水煎剂对试验菌株具有抑菌效果,其中石榴皮水煎剂抑菌效果最佳。 相似文献
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中草药饲料抗菌保健剂的研究与应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
中草药饲料抗菌保健剂是一类十分重要的绿色饲料添加剂。它涵盖了中草药饲料抗微生物剂、免疫增强剂和抗应激剂等内容。研究表明，许多中草药本身就具有良好的体外抑菌能力，与西药不同的是，中草药饲料抗菌保健剂无残留、无耐药性，其作用机理不仅仅在于对病原微生物的抑杀作用，更重要的是对机体抗病修复能力的调整，即调动机体的应激能力、提高机体免疫功能和抗病防御机能，从而达到提高动物生产性能和饲料利用效率的目的。 相似文献
6.
经过对近百味中草药的筛选,优化组合配制了针对草鱼“三病”(菌性肠炎、烂鳃、赤皮病)有明显疗效的4号复方组方——我们命名为鱼健宝；并对各组方剂、疗效、药理分别进行了体外抑菌试验,草鱼“三病”的临床防治试验。结果显示,本试验4号复方“鱼健宝”对草鱼“三病”病原菌的体外抑菌效果明显；草鱼“三病”的临床防治试验表明,4个组方的中草药对预防草鱼“三病”都有较好的效果,其中以方4“鱼健宝”的防治效果最好。 相似文献
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25种中草药对普通变形杆菌的体外抑菌试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探究中草药提取物对普通变形杆菌(Proteus vulgaris)的体外抑菌效果,为防治该菌引发的人、畜、水产动物疾病提供参考依据,采用琼脂扩散法检测了秦皮、熟地、乌梅等25种中草药提取物对普通变形杆菌(201901145、201901146)的体外抑菌活性,并用二倍稀释法测定了具有抑菌效果的中草药对该菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)。结果显示:乌梅、石榴皮对普通变形杆菌的抑菌效果较好,苏木、黄芩、艾叶具有一定的抑菌作用,其他中草药则未表现出抑菌作用;秦皮、鸡血藤、女贞子、覆盆子的抑菌作用表现出明显的菌株差异。试验结果表明,在这25种中草药中,乌梅的抑菌能力最强,当其质量浓度为15.625 mg/mL时对普通变形杆菌具有杀灭作用,可用于防治该菌引发的疾病。 相似文献
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100种中草药体外抑杀嗜水气单胞菌的药效研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
用琼脂扩散法(打孔法)测定了诃子等100种中草药对嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)的抑制作用,并用二倍稀释法测定抑菌效果较强的48种中草药对嗜水气单胞菌的最小抑菌(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)。结果显示∶大部分中草药对嗜水气单胞菌有抑制作用,诃子和秦皮的抑杀效果最好,其抑菌圈直径达20 mm以上,MIC和MBC相同,都为3.91 mg/mL(诃子)和7.81 mg/mL(秦皮);红藤、仙鹤草和覆盆子等13种中草药有中等强度的抑菌和杀菌效果;雷公藤等33种中草药抑菌作用弱;而牛蒡子等52种中草药无抑菌作用。 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
13.
Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
16.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
18.
William King V David L. Berlinsky Craig V. Sullivan 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1995,14(6):489-500
Plasma estradiol-17 (E2), testosterone (T), 17,20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) and 17,20,21-tri-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20-S) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in white perch (Morone americana) and white bass (M. chrysops) that were induced to undergo final oocyte maturation (FOM) with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Plasma DHP levels increased in females of both species in association with oocyte germinal vesicle migration (GVM) and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and decreased thereafter. Plasma 20-S levels also increased with oocyte GVM in white bass, but were several-fold lower than DHP levels. Circulating E2 and T levels were greatest during GVM and GVBD in both species and decreased to low levels during oocyte hydration and ovulation. Follicles from white perch and white bass which received a priming injection of hCG in vivo, produced both DHP and 20-S in vitro after exposure to hCG and their oocytes underwent GVBD. Ovarian incubates from unprimed fish of either species produced only E2 and T and their oocytes did not complete GVBD. Oocytes from unprimed bass, but not perch, matured when follicles were exposed to hCG in vitro. Both trilostane and cycloheximide blocked in vitro production of DHP and 20-S and oocyte GVBD by white perch follices. DHP and 20-S were equipotent inducers of FOM in the GVBD bioassay. None of several other structurally-related steroids tested were effective within a physiological range of concentrations. These results indicate a role for DHP and 20-S in the control of FOM in white perch and white bass. 相似文献
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Cardiac,ventilatory and metabolic responses of two ecologically dissimilar species of fish to waterborne cyanide 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Changes in heart rate, ventilatory activity and oxygen consumption were determined in trout (Salmo gairdneri) and brown bullhead catfish (Ictalurus nebulosus) during exposure to a steadily increasing concentration of waterborne cyanide selected to produce death in 8–9 hours for each species. The lethal cyanide concentration for the bullheads was an order of magnitude higher than for trout. Trout developed an immediate and gradually increasing bradycardia throughout the exposure period. Cyanide produced tachycardia in the bullhead followed by a gradual onset of bradycardia as the concentration of cyanide was raised. Pericardial injection of atropine (a muscarinic cholinergic antagonist) indicated that bradycardia in the trout was due initially to increased vagal tone but later due to the direct effect of cyanide on the heart. Hyperventilation in the trout persisted throughout the exposure period, although the rate and amplitude fluctuated and was variable between individual fish. During the last hour of exposure (highest cyanide concentration), ventilation was characterized by rapid, shallow breaths followed by a sudden respiratory arrest. The bullheads exhibited hyperventilation during the first 3 hours of exposure followed by a gradual, linear drop in ventilation rate and amplitude until death occurred. Cardiac and ventilatory responses in both species were attributed to stimulation of central and peripheral chemoreceptors by cyanide. Evidence is presented which suggests the initial response in the bullheads was due, at least in part, to gustatory stimulation by the cyanide. Oxygen consumption of the trout remained above pre-exposure levels for the majority of the test period. Oxygen consumption in the bullhead paralleled the changes in heart and ventilatory rates. Whole-body lactate levels of fingerlings of both species during cyanide exposure were measured to estimate the extent of anaerobiosis. Whole-body lactate levels were much greater in the bullheads than the trout, indicating a higher capacity for anaerobiosis, possibly due to a greater fuel supply. Overall, the trout responded to cyanide in a manner similar to that produced by environmental hypoxia whereas the bullheads experienced a gustatory stimulus which masked the hypoxia-like response. 相似文献
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An overview of stress physiology of fish transport: changes in water quality as a function of transport duration 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 This study brings an integrated analysis about the relationship between water deterioration and its physiological consequences in live fish transport. The analysis was focused on the transport water and its deterioration, and physiological challenges imposed on the fish. Usual commercial handling procedures employed to mitigate fish stress during transport were discussed. Future topics of research for the establishment of safer fish transport protocols were proposed. Transport was classified into short (≤8 h) or long transport (>8 h). The main issue in short transports should be the prevention of water pH reduction, while in long transports it is the increase in ammonia. Plasma cortisol is the most employed marker for stress and is acutely elevated upon short episodes of transport, but remains elevated even in long‐transport events. Plasma glucose is perhaps a better marker for handling stress. Plasma lactate, pH, osmolality CO2 and ions should be more often evaluated. Plasma Na+ and Cl‐ are very useful markers of acidosis, due to their respective exchange for H+ and , for acid–base regulation. The establishment of species‐specific transport protocols should be preceded by such combined analyses of water and physiological parameters. 相似文献