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1.
为从人工合成六倍体小麦中筛选出耐盐种质,对来自墨西哥玉米小麦改良中心（CIMMYT）的141份人工六倍体小麦材料,采用水培法,在小麦芽期和苗期进行不同浓度NaCl胁迫处理（0、100、150和200 mmol·L-1）,筛选适合耐盐性鉴定的盐胁迫浓度,并通过表型及生理指标测定、相关性分析、主成分分析、隶属函数分析、系统聚类等方法对人工合成六倍体小麦芽期和苗期的耐盐性进行综合评价。结果表明,盐胁迫对人工合成六倍体小麦的多数形态指标和生理指标均有不同程度的影响,根系干重和鲜重及根冠比受盐胁迫影响较大,对盐胁迫敏感性较强。100 mmol·L-1NaCl为人工合成六倍体小麦耐盐性筛选的理想鉴定浓度。通过系统聚类将141份材料划分为四类,其中高耐盐材料17份（占12.06%）,耐盐材料61份（占 43.26%）,中度耐盐材料48份（占34.04%）,盐敏感材料15份（占10.64%）。 相似文献
2.
为了给小麦抗盐育种和盐渍土小麦丰产栽培提供理论依据,本试验以SNP为外源NO供体,分析不同浓度外源NO浸种对盐胁迫（100 mmol·L-1 NaCl）下小麦幼苗叶片MDA含量、叶绿素含量、SOD活性和CAT活性的影响。结果表明,不同浓度NO可以显著降低盐胁迫后叶片中MDA含量,显著提升叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量,显著增强SOD和CAT活性（P<0.05）,其中以0.06 mmol·L-1 SNP浸种处理效果最好。因此,外源NO对盐胁迫小麦幼苗的生长有一定的缓解作用。 相似文献
3.
盐碱地会严重影响小麦种子的萌发和幼苗的生长。为了探究褪黑素对盐胁迫下小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响,研究了NaCl（100 mmol·L-1）胁迫下不同浓度的褪黑素（5、50、100、150、250 μmol·L-1）对小麦种子萌发、幼苗生长、光化学活性、叶绿素含量以及根细胞活力的影响。结果发现,100 μmol·L-1褪黑素能够显著缓解NaCl胁迫对小麦种子萌发的抑制作用;100~150 μmol·L-1褪黑素可明显改进盐胁迫下小麦幼苗的生长状况,显著缓解盐胁迫对PS （光系统）Ⅱ光化学活性的抑制和小麦幼根细胞死亡的发生;150 μmol·L-1褪黑素显著促进了小麦叶片叶绿素合成。综合分析表明,施用外源褪黑素可有效缓解盐胁迫对小麦造成的萌发率、光化学活性、叶绿素含量下降、生长迟缓、根细胞死亡等不利影响,以100~150 μmol·L-1褪黑素的缓解效果最为明显。 相似文献
4.
氯化胆碱浸种处理对盐胁迫下小麦种子萌发以及幼苗生长的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了明确氯化胆碱对盐害的缓解作用,以小麦品种周麦18为材料,采用不同浓度（0、200、400、600和800 mg·L-1）的氯化胆碱溶液浸种处理,研究氯化胆碱浸种对NaCl（150 mmol·L-1）胁迫下种子萌发以及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,盐胁迫下小麦种子的萌发受到抑制,叶片叶绿素含量以及根系活力下降,叶片质膜透性增大,丙二醛和脯氨酸含量上升;而400 mg·L-1氯化胆碱浸种处理能明显提高盐胁迫下小麦种子的萌发率,缓解幼苗叶绿素的降解,增加可溶性糖含量,提高根系活力,降低叶片质膜透性,减少丙二醛和脯氨酸的积累。由此说明,氯化胆碱浸种可以缓解盐胁迫引起的小麦幼苗的失水伤害以及膜脂过氧化,从而增强小麦幼苗的抗盐性。 相似文献
5.
为探讨盐胁迫条件下外源甜菜碱（GB）和脯氨酸（Pro）对不同大麦品种种子萌发及幼苗的效应,以课题组前期筛选到的耐盐品种中川大麦和盐敏感品种ZY218为材料,在萌发期和苗期以200 mmol·L-1NaCl为胁迫条件,分别施加浓度为0、0.5、1.0、5.0、10.0 mmol·L-1的外源GB和浓度为0、5.0、15.0、30.0、45.0 mmol·L-1的外源Pro进行处理,测定并分析了不同处理下大麦萌发及幼苗相关指标。结果表明,与不添加外源物质的对照相比,施加外源GB和Pro均可有效缓解盐胁迫对大麦种子萌发及地上部分生长的抑制作用;提高叶片过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性及叶绿素含量;外源Pro可以显著增加幼苗的总根长、总根体积和总根表面积,有效缓解盐胁迫对大麦幼苗根系生长的抑制作用,且对盐敏感品种效应更大。因此,施加外源GB或Pro可有效缓解盐胁迫对大麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的抑制作用。 相似文献
6.
为准确快速地建立小麦-华山新麦草杂交后代的分子标记鉴定方法,利用180条长度为10 bp的随机引物R1~R180对小麦-华山新麦草全套（1Ns~7Ns）二体附加系及其亲本华山新麦草和普通小麦7182共9个材料进行了RAPD分析。结果表明,R131在华山新麦草和小麦-华山新麦草2Ns二体附加系中可以扩增出特异条带。将该特异条带回收并测序,发现其全长为1 126 bp,对其进行序列比对分析后设计SCAR引物S131,然后利用S131重新对9份材料进行了SCAR分析。结果显示,S131只在华山新麦草和小麦-华山新麦草2Ns二体附加系中扩增出特异性条带,表明RAPD标记R131已成功转化为可靠、特异的SCAR标记S131。这个新的SCAR标记可用于检测普通小麦背景下华山新麦草2Ns染色体。 相似文献
7.
华山新麦草(2n=2x=14,NsNs)含多种优良基因,是一类具有广阔应用前景的育种资源。为给小麦育种培育新材料,本研究对来自普通小麦品系7182和华山新麦草的高代衍生系H1133、H4122和H1423进行细胞遗传学和分子标记辅助鉴定。细胞学观察表明,3个衍生系的染色体数和构型均为2n=44=22Ⅱ;基因组原位杂交(GISH)和荧光原位杂交(FISH)同步分析结果表明,3个衍生系均含42条普通小麦染色体和2条华山新麦草Ns染色体;EST和PLUG标记分析证明H1133、H4122和H1423中附加的分别为华山新麦草3Ns、5Ns和7Ns染色体,说明H1133、H4122和H1423分别为小麦-华山新麦草的3Ns附加系、5Ns附加系和7Ns附加系;形态学鉴定结果表明,三个附加系与亲本7182在株高、分蘖和穗长等农艺性状上表现出不同差异;成株期抗条锈病鉴定结果表明,H4122和H1423高抗CYR32和CYR33混合菌种,从材料系谱推断其抗性来源于华山新麦草。总之,附加系H1133、H4122和H1423在农艺性状和抗病性上均有良好表现,可作为小麦育种中的桥梁材料。 相似文献
8.
为了从光系统活性探讨褪黑素对干旱胁迫下小麦生长的调节作用,通过石英砂盆栽试验,设置对照（CK）、5 μmol·L-1褪黑素处理、25 μmol·L-1褪黑素处理、100 μmol·L-1褪黑素处理、干旱胁迫处理、5 μmol·L-1褪黑素+干旱胁迫处理、25 μmol·L-1褪黑素+干旱胁迫处理及100 μmol·L-1褪黑素+干旱胁迫处理,分析了根施褪黑素对干旱胁迫下小麦叶片生理和光合作用的影响。结果表明,干旱胁迫显著降低了小麦叶片的相对含水量、地上部生物量及光合效率,抑制了植株的生长,而干旱胁迫下25 μmol·L-1褪黑素处理最为显著地增加了小麦叶片相对含水量、地上部生物量及叶绿素含量,并显著提高了小麦叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度、光系统Ⅱ（PS Ⅱ）的最大荧光、PS Ⅱ最大光化学效率、远红光适应下的最大P700改变量、光系统I（PSⅠ）的实际光能转换效率及PSⅠ供体侧限制引起的非光化学能量耗散的量子产量。相反,CO2浓度和PSⅠ受体侧限制引起的非光化学能量耗散的量子产量下降。蛋白免疫杂交分析表明,外源褪黑素处理可显著减少干旱胁迫下Lhca2蛋白含量的下降。由此表明,干旱胁迫下褪黑素可通过改变叶片的水分状况和提高叶片的光合能力来减轻干旱胁迫对小麦植株生长的抑制作用。 相似文献
9.
高光、水分和盐胁迫下小麦光合特性和抗氧化酶系统的比较 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了解植物光合机构及抗氧化酶系统对高光、水分及盐胁迫的适应机制,比较分析了光强1 800 μmol·m-2·s-1、20% 聚乙二醇（PEG-6000）和0.3 mol·L-1 NaCl处理下小麦叶绿素荧光以及抗氧化酶活性的变化。结果表明,与对照相比,高光胁迫、水分胁迫和盐胁迫下小麦叶片相对含水量、总蛋白含量以及叶绿素含量均下降,以水分胁迫效应最显著,盐胁迫次之。三种胁迫均显著降低了小麦叶片的光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、PSII最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）及电子传递率（ETR）,而显著增加胞间CO2浓度、非光化学淬灭（NPQ）、脯氨酸及可溶性糖含量,也以水分胁迫效应最显著。三种胁迫下小麦叶片内的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）及过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性随胁迫时间的延长呈现不同的变化趋势。其中,SOD活性在三种胁迫下均呈先升后降的趋势;POD活性在高光和水分胁迫下先升后降,而在盐胁迫下呈上升趋势;CAT活性在高光和盐胁迫下呈上升趋势,而在水分胁迫下呈下降趋势。以上结果表明,在三种环境胁迫中,水分胁迫给小麦带来的伤害最严重,盐胁迫次之,高光胁迫最轻。 此外,小麦抗氧化酶系统在高光胁迫、水分胁迫及盐胁迫下应答机制不同。 相似文献
10.
盐碱胁迫严重影响农作物的生长发育，制约农作物产能的提升。本试验以国内外引进的40份小麦品种（系）和新疆2个主栽品种为材料，在0、300、600、900 mmol·L-1 NaCl浓度下模拟盐胁迫环境，研究不同浓度NaCl对小麦芽期农艺表现的影响，以期筛选出耐盐小麦品种。结果表明，测定的8项生长指标在42份种质资源之间存在显著差异。通过相关性分析、主成分分析、相对耐盐系数以及综合耐盐系数分析，鉴定出1份极耐盐品种（宁春45），1份耐盐品种（新冬39），2份较耐盐品种（濮兴5号和济麦21），这4份种质材料可用于南疆盐碱地小麦耐盐品种选育。 相似文献
11.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
12.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
13.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
14.
先玉335、郑单958和京科968抗虫能力的比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以先玉335、郑单958、京科968为材料,以玉米螟(Ostrinia furnacalis)、黏虫(Mythimna separata)和禾谷缢管蚜(Rhopalosiphum padi)为供试昆虫,探究玉米品系大喇叭口期对玉米螟和黏虫及抽雄期对禾谷缢管蚜抗性差异,测定其主要抗虫化合物丁布类物质的含量。结果发现,京科968对玉米螟及禾谷缢管蚜抗性均高于另外两个品系;对黏虫的抗性,郑单958和京科968高于先玉335。大喇叭口期京科968中丁布类物质含量最高,抽雄期郑单958和京科968中主要丁布成分含量均高于先玉335,上述组织中丁布合成相关基因在郑单958及京科968中的表达量也均高于先玉335。本研究揭示杂交玉米抗虫性与抗性相关化合物含量及其相关基因表达间存在正向相关关系,为抗虫玉米分子育种提供理论参考。 相似文献
15.
Summary The viability of five pathogens was decreased by treatment with hot water when tested in vitro.Polyscytalum pustulans was most sensitive andRhizoctonia solani least sensitive.
Potato tubers were exposed to 55°C for 5 min in a commercial continuous hot water treatment plant using naturally contaminated
seed tubers and tubers which had been inoculated by dipping in comminuted cultures. The frequency of eyes colonised byP. pustulans, Helminthosporium solani, andR. solani was reduced to virtually zero and the effect persisted on tubers subsequently stored at 4°C and at 15°C for up to 16 wk.
Results withColletotrichum coccodes were inconclusive. Treatment suppressedPenicillium spp. which, however, rapidly recolonised the eyes during storage, leading to higher contamination levels in the treated than
in the untreated tubers. With tubers inoculated withPhoma foveata, good control was achieved when the incubation period before treatment was 10 d but not when the period was 42 d. 相似文献
16.
David Gramaje ngeles Aroca Rosa Raposo Jos García-Jimnez Josep Armengol 《Crop Protection》2009,28(12):1091-1097
The efficacy of fourteen selected fungicides against Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and Phaeoacremonium aleophilum was evaluated in vitro by mycelial growth and conidial germination assays. Azoxystrobin, carbendazim and tebuconazole were the most effective fungicides against P. chlamydospora, while carbendazim and didecyldimethylammonium chloride were the most effective against P. aleophilum. An assay was also conducted with cubiet, hydroxyquinoline sulphate and didecyldimethylammonium chloride to determine their potential to prevent infections caused by these pathogens during the hydration stage in grapevine propagation. The results of this experiment demonstrated that P. chlamydospora and P. aleophilum were able to infect healthy cuttings during the hydration stage and showed that didecyldimethylammonium chloride was consistently the best treatment as a disinfectant soak for grapevine cuttings. Additionally, semi-commercial trials were conducted in two grapevine nurseries to evaluate the effectiveness of several strategies with carbendazim, flusilazole and hydroxyquinoline sulphate at different nursery stages. Soaking planting material in carbendazim during the hydration stage was the most effective treatment since neither P. chlamydospora nor P. aleophilum were isolated from planting material in either nursery. 相似文献
17.
Summary Tubers of clones from a diploid hybrid population ofSolanum phureja andS. stenotomum were screened for resistance to tuber soft rot caused by strains ofErwinia carotovora subsp.atroseptica (Eca),E. carotovora subsp.carotovora (Ecc) andE. chrysanthemi (Ech). Significant, positive correlations between resistance to the different strains and species were observed, indicating
that screening for resistance to tuber soft rot could be accomplished by using just one of the three pathogens. Strains of
Ecc and Ech were found to be much more virulent than strains of Eca. Inoculating with Ecc and Ech resulted in more distinct
differences among susceptible, moderately resistant and resistant clones than inoculating with Eca. 相似文献
18.
Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
19.
D. R. Lynch R. L. Wastie H. E. Stewart G. R. Mackay G. D. Lyon A. Nachmias 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):297-304
Summary The phytotoxic components of the culture filtrate of the fungusAlternaria solani Sor, which causes early blight in potato, were used in this study to differentiate between resistant and susceptible genotypes
selected to represent a range of reactions when screened in the field. Detached leaflet assays, using spores and toxic metabolites
from the culture filtrate, were compared with field ratings and a whole-plant glasshouse test. Rank correlations between several
detached leaflet tests were highly significant (P<0.01) but the correlations between these tests and the glasshouse and field tests were poor. The disease ratings obtained
in the various tests were clustered into four groups and assigned to resistance classes. For many of the genotypes there was
a good correspondence between resistance classes for all test methods. Divergent results between tests were associated with
foliage maturity characteristics of the genotypes.
Contribution no. 3879050 of the Lethbridge Research Station. 相似文献
20.
为了明确淀粉芽孢杆菌B9601-Y2(Y2)的促生长机制,通过摇瓶培养,检测其溶磷解钾固氮活性;通过盆栽试验,探索Y2对玉米生长量和溶磷解钾量的影响。结果表明,在第7天时,Y2固氮量为2.9 mg/L,解钾量为13.5μg/mL;在第4天时,溶磷量达732μg/mL。与空白对照相比,Y2发酵液能增加玉米株高28.29%,根长27.21%,叶宽18.56%,鲜重80.93%,干重66.67%;提高土壤中速效氮、速效磷和速效钾含量分别为20.42%、111.01%和17.24%,提高植株氮、磷、钾含量45.46%、120.17%、68.45%。研究结果表明,Y2活化土壤中难溶性磷、钾和具有固氮能力,并能促进植株对氮、磷、钾营养的吸收利用。 相似文献