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本研究以番茄–黄瓜轮作下的设施土壤为研究对象，共设4个处理（1/2化肥氮+1/2生物有机肥氮，COF；全部施用生物有机肥氮，OF；全部施用化肥氮，CF；不施肥处理，CK），探讨生物有机肥配施化肥对设施土壤养分含量及团聚体分布和稳定性的影响。研究结果表明，相较于单施化肥处理，施用生物有机肥均提高了土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷、全钾、有效磷、速效钾养分含量和土壤pH，分别提高了9.61%~54.28%、7.38%~35.45%、31.86%~98.53%、40.88%~96.40%、3.02%~15.99%、0.96%~18.23%和0.73%~7.03%；单施生物有机肥或与化肥配施均可使土壤大团聚体（>0.25 mm）比例上升，微团聚体（<0.25 mm）比例下降，显著提高了土壤团聚体平均重量直径（MWD）、几何平均直径（GMD）和>0.25 mm团聚体含量（R0.25）（P<0.05），且土壤团聚体稳定性随着施入生物有机肥年限的增加而增加；相关分析表明，MWD、GMD和R0.25均与>2 mm和0.25~2 mm团聚体质量分数呈显著正相关（P<0.05），与<0.053 mm团聚体组成呈极显著负相关（P<0.01），与0.053~0.25 mm团聚体组成呈显著负相关（P<0.05）。生物有机肥替代化肥更有利于提高土壤养分含量、大团聚体的数量及团聚体的稳定性。 相似文献
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苜蓿作物轮作模式对土壤团聚体稳定性及有机碳的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本研究以苜蓿?作物轮作试验为研究对象,探讨了苜蓿?苜蓿(L-L)、苜蓿?休闲(L-F)、苜蓿?小麦(L-W)、苜蓿?玉米(L-C)、苜蓿?马铃薯(L-P)和苜蓿?谷子(L-M)6种轮作模式对陇中黄土高原雨养农田苜蓿土壤团聚体稳定性以及土壤总有机碳含量的影响。结果表明:不同轮作模式下土壤机械稳定性团聚体以≥0.25 mm团聚体为优势团聚体,均占72.17%以上,而土壤水稳性团聚体以0.25 mm团聚体为优势团聚体,均占95.18%以上。随着土层深度的增加,各处理≥0.25 mm的团聚体数量及平均重量直径(MWD)均随之增加,而水稳性大团聚体数量及MWD值无明显规律性。与L-L处理相比,L-C和L-P处理0~30 cm耕层土壤≥0.25 mm的团聚体含量分别增加5.94%和1.12%,L-C处理的MWD表现为最高,而其他轮作处理则不同程度降低了≥0.25 mm团聚体含量及MWD;随着土层深度的增加,6种不同轮作模式的土壤有机碳含量均呈现逐渐降低的趋势,在0~30 cm的耕层土壤,较之L-L处理,L-W、L-C、L-P和L-M处理均从不同程度上降低了土壤有机碳含量,其中L-P处理有机碳含量最低,降低了18.68%。相关性分析表明,土壤总有机碳分别与2~5 mm、1~2 mm、0.5~1 mm和0.25~0.5 mm粒径的水稳性团聚体比例以及MWD表现出极显著正相关,而与0.25 mm粒径的水稳性团聚体呈极显著负相关。综上所述,苜蓿?玉米轮作模式能明显增加土壤团聚体机械稳定性,而不同苜蓿?作物轮作模式对土壤团聚体的水稳性影响较小,土壤有机碳含量在很大程度上影响着土壤水稳性团粒结构的形成与稳定性,二者密切相关。 相似文献
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不同轮耕方式对渭北旱塬麦玉轮作田土壤物理性状与产量的影响 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：8
为研究不同轮作模式对渭北旱作冬小麦?春玉米一年1熟轮作田土壤物理性状和产量的影响,于2007—2014年在陕西省合阳县冬小麦?春玉米轮作田连续7年实施了保护性耕作定位试验,测定和分析了免耕/深松、深松/翻耕、翻耕/免耕、连续免耕、连续深松和连续翻耕6种轮耕模式下麦田0~60 cm土层物理性状、0~200 cm土层土壤湿度和小麦产量的变化。结果表明:1)不同轮耕模式0~40 cm土层土壤容重、孔隙度和田间持水量差异显著,其中以免耕/深松效果最显著;0~60 cm土层免耕/深松轮耕处理平均田间持水量较连续翻耕处理提高12.9%;2)轮耕对土壤团聚体特性影响明显,免耕/深松0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量(R0.25)最高,结构体破碎率和不稳定团粒指数(ELT)最低,水稳性均重直径(WMWD)最高,水稳性和力稳性团聚体分形维数(D)均最低;3)小麦生育期间免耕/深松处理0~200 cm土层土壤蓄水量和小麦产量较连续翻耕分别增加17.7 mm和9.5%。综合可知,轮耕有利于耕层土壤物理结构改善,免耕/深松更有利于耕层土壤大团聚体形成和土壤结构稳定,利于土壤蓄水保墒和作物增产,为渭北旱塬区麦玉轮作田较适宜的轮耕模式。 相似文献
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深翻－旋耕轮耕与有机肥配施对黑土农田土壤物理性质的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
针对东北松嫩平原中南部黑土区玉米带农田长期旋耕导致耕层变浅、容重增大等问题,开展深翻-旋耕轮耕模式改善土壤物理性质的研究。试验设置连年旋耕配施化肥（RT）、连年旋耕配施化肥与有机肥（RM）、深翻－旋耕轮耕配施化肥（DT）和深翻－旋耕轮耕配施化肥与有机肥（DM）4个处理,分析0 ~ 45 cm土壤含水量、容重、紧实度、团聚体的变化及10 cm、20 cm、30 cm各深度处土壤温度变化情况。结果表明,与RT处理相比,DT处理能够显著提高玉米苗期和拔节期20 cm、30 cm深度土壤温度,增加玉米各生育时期15 ~ 45 cm土层土壤含水量,并且显著降低土壤容重和紧实度,提高了30 ~ 45 cm土层 > 0.25 mm水稳性团聚体的比例;同时DM处理能够增加苗期、收获期各土层含水量,且对0 ~ 45 cm土壤容重均有显著降低作用;而RM处理仅使0 ~ 15 cm土层容重有降低,但并不显著,且对深层土壤容重无明显影响。相关分析表明,在0 ~ 15 cm土层中,土壤含水量、紧实度、容重与温度呈负相关关系（P < 0.05）;在0 ~ 45 cm土层中,土壤容重与土壤紧实度呈极显著正相关关系（P < 0.05）。DM的耕作模式能降低土壤容重和紧实度,有效提高土壤温度、土壤含水量以及 > 0.25 mm 水稳性团聚体的比例,能够较好的改善土壤耕层物理性质。 相似文献
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长期不同轮作模式对黄壤团聚体组成及有机碳的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
依托23年的黄壤长期定位田间试验,对比研究玉米单作(MM)、小麦||绿肥–玉米轮作(WMR)和油菜–玉米轮作(RMR)对土壤团聚体组成及有机碳的影响。结果表明:各处理机械稳定性团聚体和水稳性团聚体均以大团聚体(>0.25 mm的团聚体)为优势团聚体,占比高达93.04%和74.59%以上;WMR和RMR处理较MM处理显著提高了5~2 mm和2~1 mm机械稳定性团聚体含量及>5 mm和5~2 mm水稳性团聚体含量;WMR处理的水稳性团聚体MWD(平均重量直径)较MM处理显著增加了50%;WMR、RMR处理的PAD(团聚体破坏率)和ELT(土壤团聚体不稳定团粒指数)较MM处理分别显著降低了31.32%、25.97%和35.90%、30.65%;不同粒级水稳性团聚体中均以WMR处理的有机碳含量最高,>5、1~0.5、0.5~0.25 mm粒级团聚体的有机碳含量比MM处理显著增加了17.60%、34.41%、45.67%;土壤团聚体有机碳主要集中在>0.25 mm的大团聚体中,而在微团聚体中含量较少,轮作主要提高了>5 mm水稳性团聚体中有机碳的贡献率,WMR、RMR处理较MM处理分别提高了23.18和9.16个百分点。小麦||绿肥–玉米轮作能有效改善土壤团聚体组成,提高团聚体稳定性和有机碳含量,可作为贵州黄壤旱地较佳的轮作模式。 相似文献
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优化施肥方式对黄土高原新增耕地土壤有机质含量和团聚体特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的] 研究优化施肥对黄土高原地区新增耕地土壤质量和作物产量的影响,为新增耕地土壤建立合理的优化施肥处理和区域新造土地的健康可持续发展提供理论依据。[方法] 通过盆栽种植试验,评估有机肥处理（OF）、有机肥配施化肥处理（NP）、常规施肥处理（CF）对新增耕地土壤团聚体数量、结构稳定性、有机质含量和玉米产量的改良效应。[结果] CF处理下新整治耕地土壤有机质含量最低为7.08 g/kg,土壤水稳性大团聚含量低,结构稳定性差。与CF处理相比,优化施肥方式下的OF和NP处理显著提高了新增耕地土壤有机质含量和玉米产量（p<0.05）,>0.25 mm粒级大团聚体含量和团聚体稳定性显著提升,其中OF处理对新整治耕地土壤团聚体数量和稳定性的改善效果最佳。在0—10 cm土层,OF和NP处理下土壤有机质含量分别为12.67,11.79 g/kg,比CF处理分别提高了46.2%和36.1%。OF处理下水稳性团聚体MWD,GMD,R0.25值分别比CF处理高了62.5%,21.4%和148.3%,分形维数比CF处理降低了1.7%;NP处理下水稳性团聚体MWD,GMD,R0.25值分别比CF处理高了18.8%,3.6%和40.9%,分形维数比CF处理降低了0.4%。在10—20 cm土层,OF和NP处理下土壤有机质含量、团聚体数量和结构稳定性也得到一定的提升。土壤有机质含量与团聚体平均重量直径（MWD）、几何平均直径（GMD）呈显著正相关关系（p<0.001）。[结论] 优化施肥是有利于提升新整治耕地土壤结构稳定性、保肥特性和土地生产力的有效措施。 相似文献
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以新疆玛河流域冲积扇缘盐碱地为研究区,分析了盐碱弃耕地不同复垦模式对土壤团聚体组成及水溶性Na+,K+,Ca2+,Mg2+分布的影响。结果表明:与弃耕地相比,采用单作、间作及轮作种植模式均可显著降低土壤pH值和电导率（p < 0.05）,土壤pH值分别较弃耕地降低了10.7%,9.7%,10.6%,EC相应降低了19.2%,71.0%,84.1%;不同复垦模式 > 0.25 mm粒径团聚体含量显著增加（p < 0.05）,单作、间作、轮作分别较弃耕地增加了15.8%,13.2%和15.6%,且显著高于其他粒径（p < 0.05）,土壤团聚体结构显著改善;不同复垦模式中水溶性阳离子含量主要分布于 < 0.25 mm粒径的微团聚体中,在团聚体中表现为Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ > K+,间作和轮作均显著减少水溶性阳离子含量（p < 0.05）。建议在盐碱弃耕地复垦过程中采用轮作或间作种植模式更有利于弃耕地植被恢复。 相似文献
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试验研究了不同筛分方法下生物质炭施用对土壤团聚体的影响,为生物质炭农业利用提供理论依据。设置生物质炭用量4个水平(0,10,20,30 t/hm2),氮肥用量2个水平(0,150 kg/hm2),通过2年田间定位试验,测定分析干筛法和湿筛法0—30 cm土层土壤团聚体分布及稳定性。结果表明:2种筛分方式下,不同处理各粒级土壤团聚体分布趋势基本一致,干筛法所得机械土壤团聚体主要以＞5,2~5 0.5~1 mm粒级为主,而湿筛法水稳性团聚体均以0.25~0.5 mm及＜0.25 mm为主;不同处理干筛法土壤团聚体平均重量直径(MWD)、几何平均直径(GMD)均高于湿筛法。湿筛法下各处理,无论施氮与否,MWD、GMD均随生物质炭量增加而增大。其中,B0N0处理MWD、GMD最小,单施生物质炭B3N0处理土壤团聚体直径最大,分别较B0N0显著提高60%(MWD)和52%(GMD);各处理土壤团聚体破坏率(PAD)随生物质炭量增加而减小,土壤团聚体稳定率(WASR)则随生物质炭量增加呈上升趋势;干筛法各处理分形维数(D)均低于湿筛法,随生物质炭量增加D值不断降低,B3生物质炭量下分形维数最低,分别为2.63(B3N0)和2.64(B3N1),分别较对照降低3.3%和2.9%;分形维数(D)与＞0.25 mm土壤团聚体含量(R＞0.25)呈显著负相关关系。试验条件下,生物质炭添加量为30 t/hm2时土壤团聚体稳定性最佳。同时,湿筛法较干筛法能更好地模拟大田环境,真实反映土壤团聚体分布及其稳定性。 相似文献
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退耕还林工程是黄土高原控制水土流失的主要措施之一,探讨退耕还林对土壤团聚体稳定性与土壤可蚀性的影响,可为黄土高原地区生态恢复和水土保持效益评价提供科学依据。以农田为对照,选取不同退耕年限(5,10,15,20,25,30年)刺槐林为研究对象,研究退耕还林后0—30 cm土层土壤团聚体稳定性和土壤可蚀性动态变化,并探讨土壤可蚀性与土壤团聚体稳定性之间的关系。结果表明:(1)＞0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量、平均重量直径、几何平均直径随着退耕年限增加呈递增趋势,三者相比退耕前(农田)分别增加32%~79%,32%~98%,2%~60%。(2)土壤团聚体分形维数随着退耕年限增加呈递减趋势,较退耕前减少0.6%~6.0%;土壤有机质随着退耕年限增加呈递增趋势,较退耕前增加8.4%~38.9%。(3)土壤可蚀性因子(K)随着土层增加而增加,但随退耕年限增加呈递减趋势,随退耕年限递增(K)分别减少1.0%,2.7%,3.6%,3.9%,5.0%,7.9%。(4)退耕还林后,＞0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量和土壤团聚体分形维数是土壤可蚀性变化的主要驱动因子; 地上生物量通过影响＞0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量和土壤团聚体分形维数间接影响土壤可蚀性因子(K),且总效应最大。退耕还林后地上生物量增加对土壤团聚体的形成与稳定,以及土壤可蚀性降低起着重要作用,且退耕还林可显著提高团聚体稳定性,降低土壤可蚀性。 相似文献
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Long-term tillage effects on the distribution patterns of microbial biomass and activities within soil aggregates 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The effects of tillage on the interaction between soil structure and microbial biomass vary spatially and temporally for different soil types and cropping systems. We assessed the relationship between soil structure induced by tillage and soil microbial activity at the level of soil aggregates. To this aim, organic C (OC), microbial biomass C (MBC) and soil respiration were measured in water-stable aggregates (WSA) of different sizes from a subtropical rice soil under two tillage systems: conventional tillage (CT) and a combination of ridge with no-tillage (RNT). Soil (0–20 cm) was fractionated into six different aggregate sizes (> 4.76, 4.76–2.0, 2.0–1.0, 1.0–0.25, 0.25–0.053, and < 0.053 mm in diameter). Soil OC, MBC, respiration rate, and metabolic quotient were heterogeneously distributed among soil aggregates while the patterns of aggregate-size distribution were similar among properties, regardless of tillage system. The content of OC within WSA followed the sequence: medium-aggregates (1.0–0.25 mm and 1.0–2.0 mm) > macro-aggregates (4.76–2.0 mm) > micro-aggregates (0.25–0.053 mm) > large aggregates (> 4.76 mm) > silt + clay fractions (< 0.053 mm). The highest levels of MBC were associated with the 1.0–2.0 mm aggregate size class. Significant differences in respiration rates were also observed among different sizes of WSA, and the highest respiration rate was associated with 1.0–2.0 mm aggregates. The Cmic/Corg was greatest for the large-macroaggregates regardless of tillage regimes. This ratio decreased with aggregate size to 1.0–0.25 mm. Soil metabolic quotient (qCO2) ranged from 3.6 to 17.7 mg CO2 g− 1 MBC h− 1. The distribution pattern of soil microbial biomass and activity was governed by aggregate size, whereas the tillage effect was not significant at the aggregate scale. Tillage regimes that contribute to greater aggregation, such as RNT, also improved soil microbial activity. Soil OC, MBC and respiration rate were at their highest levels for 1.0–2.0 mm aggregates, suggesting a higher biological activity at this aggregate size for the present ecosystem. 相似文献
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不同耕作模式下麦田土壤温室气体排放和小麦产量 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
14.
为研究外源放线菌对谷子生长及成熟期根际可培养微生物的影响，本研究通过盆栽和田间试验分析施加放线菌微白黄链霉菌（Streptomyces albidoflavus，T4）和密旋链霉菌（Streptomyces pactum，Act12）后成熟期谷子生物量、产量形成指标及根际可培养微生物结构组成的差异，并对谷子生长与根际微生物之间相互关系进行分析。结果表明，①T4促进了盆栽和田间试验中谷子生物量的增加，而T4和Act12也使田间试验中单株谷子籽粒干重和产量增加了13.7%～22.6%。②对于根际微生物，T4处理使培养箱盆栽试验中谷子根际可培养细菌（B）、真菌（F）、放线菌（A）及微生物总数量增加了29.5%～56.9%。T4和Act12使室外盆栽试验中根际真菌数量分别提高了73.3%和222.0%，A/F和B/F降低了34.7%～72.4%。③相关分析表明，成熟期谷子茎叶干重、单株谷子籽粒干重与根际B、F、A和总微生物数量显著正相关（r = 0.748～0.971，P < 0.01），而与A/F和B/F显著负相关（r = -0.764 ～ -0.906，P < 0.01）。综上，供试放线菌通过调整根际可培养微生物群落结构促进了谷子生长，增加了谷子产量。因此，通过外源施加放线菌优化根际可培养微生物群落结构是谷子促生增产的可行途径之一。 相似文献
15.
Anastasia V. Vasilchenko Lyudmila V. Galaktionova Nikolay Yu. Tretyakov Sergey M. Dyachkov Alexey S. Vasilchenko 《Soil Use and Management》2023,39(1):618-633
The presence of aggregates of various sizes in the soil is an important condition for soil carbon sequestration. In this system, microbial biomass is a key link. This work was devoted to the study of the influence of land use systems on the distribution of SOС, MB-SIR, microbial activity and eco-physiological indices (qCO2, QR, MB-SIR/SOС and qCO2/SOС) in relation to the size of soil aggregates. The distribution of SOС, MB-SIR and mineralization activity among the aggregates was heterogeneous. In the soil of crop rotation, high mineralization activity and MB-SIR were found in the aggregates 0.5–0.1 mm, in the monoculture soil in aggregates <0.1 mm and in the control soil in the aggregates 1–0.25 mm. There was a general trend towards a decrease in microbial activity, MB-SIR and SOС availability with an increase in aggregate size. In agricultural soils, microbial activity was determined by large aggregates (>5 mm), while in the control soil, by the aggregates 5–1 mm. Depending on the type of site and the size of aggregates, the differences in microbial metabolism were revealed. The qCO2 and QR values decreased, and the MB-SIR/SOС and qCO2/SOС increased in the series: control soil > crop rotation > monoculture. In the control soil, the values of the eco-physiological indices decreased with decreasing aggregate size. And vice versa, in agricultural soils, these parameters were the highest in the microaggregates (<0.25 mm). The monoculture soil, in contrast to the control soil and crop rotation soil, turned out to be more energy efficient. 相似文献
16.
It is increasingly believed that substantial soil organic carbon (SOC) can be sequestered in conservation tillage system by manipulating the functional groups of soil biota. Soil aggregates of different size provide diverse microhabitats for soil biota and consequently influence C sequestration. Our objective was to evaluate the contributions of soil biota induced by tillage systems to C sequestration among different aggregate size fractions. Soil microbial and nematode communities were examined within four aggregate fractions: large macroaggregates (>2 mm), macroaggregates (2–1 mm), small macroaggregates (1–0.25 mm) and microaggregates (<0.25 mm) isolated from three tillage systems: no tillage (NT), ridge tillage (RT) and conventional tillage (CT) in Northeast China. Soil microbial and nematode communities varied across both tillage systems and aggregate fractions. The activity and abundance of microbes and nematodes were generally higher under NT and RT than under CT. Among the four aggregate fractions, soil microbial biomass and diversity were higher in microaggregates, while soil nematode abundance and diversity were higher in large macroaggregates. Structural equation modelling (SEM) revealed that the linkage between microbial and nematode communities and their contributions to soil C accumulation in >1 mm aggregate fractions were different from those in <1 mm aggregate fractions. Higher abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) could enhance C retention within >1 mm aggregates, while more gram-positive bacteria and plant-parasitic nematodes might increase C accumulation within <1 mm aggregates. Our findings suggested that the increase in microbial biomass and nematode abundance and the alteration in their community composition at the micro-niche within aggregates could contribute to the higher C sequestration in conservation tillage systems (NT and RT). 相似文献
17.
中国黄土高原区轮耕对土壤团聚体、有机碳氮含量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
In rain-fed semi-arid agroecosystems, continuous conventional tillage can cause serious problems in soil quality and crop production, whereas rotational tillage (no-tillage and subsoiling) could decrease soil bulk density, and increase soil aggregates and organic carbon in the 0-40 cm soil layer. A 3-year field study was conducted to determine the effect of tillage practices on soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), water-stable aggregate size distribution and aggregate C and N sequestration from 0 to 40 cm soil in semi-arid areas of southern Ningxia. Three tillage treatments were tested: no-tillage in year 1, subsoiling in year 2, and no-tillage in year 3 (NT-ST-NT); subsoiling in year 1, no-tillage in year 2, and subsoiling in year 3 (ST-NT-ST); and conventional tillage over years 1-3 (CT). Mean values of soil bulk density in 0-40 cm under NT-ST-NT and ST-NT-ST were significantly decreased by 3.3% and 6.5%, respectively, compared with CT, while soil total porosity was greatly improved. Rotational tillage increased SOC, TN, and water-stable aggregates in the 0-40 cm soil, with the greatest effect under ST-NT-ST. In 0-20 and 20-40 cm soils, the tillage effect was confined to the 2-0.25 mm size fraction of soil aggregates, and rotational tillage treatments obtained significantly higher SOC and TN contents than conventional tillage. No significant differences were detected in SOC and TN contents in the >2 mm and <0.25 mm aggregates among all treatments. In conclusion, rotational tillage practices could significantly increase SOC and TN levels, due to a fundamental change in soil structure, and maintain agroecosystem sustainability in the Loess Plateau area of China. 相似文献