共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
M. ThiyagarajanP. Venkatachalam 《Industrial Crops and Products》2012,37(1):111-117
Stevia rebaudiana is a valuable medicinal plant species and it is being used for the treatment of diabetes. Currently, there is a high demand for raw material of this medicinal herb due to ever increasing diabetes disorder among the population. In order to meet the increased demand an efficient in vitro propagation of S. rebaudiana was established. Nodal explants collected from the field were cultured on MS basal medium fortified with different concentrations of BAP (0.5-3.0 mg/l) and KIN (0.5-3.0 mg/l) individually for shoot bud induction. In vitro derived nodal buds were cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations (0.5-3.0 mg/l) of BAP and KIN for multiple shoot bud regeneration. In the second experiment, in vitro derived buds were placed on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of BAP (0.5-3.0 mg/l) in combination with 0.5 mg/l IAA or IBA or NAA for shoot bud multiplication. The highest frequency (94.50%) of multiple shoot regeneration with maximum number of shoots (15.69 shoots/explant) was noticed on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BAP. For large scale plant production, in vitro derived nodal bud explants were cultured on MS medium fortified with 1.0 mg/l BAP, in which about 123 shoots/explant were obtained after three subcultures on the same media composition. Elongated shoots (>2 cm) dissected out from the in vitro proliferated shoot clumps were cultured on half-strength MS medium containing different concentrations of NAA (0.1-0.5 mg/l) and/or MS medium fortified with various concentrations (0.5-2.0 mg/l) of auxins (NAA, IAA and IBA) for root induction. Highest frequency of rooting (96%) was noticed on half-strength MS medium augmented with 0.4 mg/l NAA. The rooted plantlets were successfully transferred into plastic cups containing sand and soil in the ratio of 1:2 and subsequently established in the greenhouse. The present in vitro propagation protocol would facilitate an alternative method for rapid and large-scale production of this important antidiabetic medicinal plant. 相似文献
2.
Jatropha curcas, a multipurpose shrub has acquired significant economic potential as biodiesel plant. The seeds or pressed cake is toxic due to the presence of toxic substances and is not useful as food/fodder despite having the best protein composition. A simple, efficient, and reproducible method for plant regeneration through direct organogenesis from petiole explants of non-toxic J. curcas was developed using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of thidiazuron (TDZ). The best induction of shoot buds (57.61%), and number of shoot buds (4.98) per explant were obtained when in vitro petiole explants were placed horizontally on MS medium supplemented with 2.27 μM TDZ. The Induced shoot buds were transferred to MS medium containing 10 μM kinetin (Kn), 4.5 μM 6-benzyl aminopurine (BA), and 5.5 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) for shoot proliferation and subsequent elongation was achieved on MS medium supplemented with 2.25 μM BA and 8.5 μM IAA. The elongated shoots could be rooted on half-strength MS medium with 15 μM IBA, 11.4 μM IAA and 5.5 μM NAA with more than 90% survival rate. 相似文献
3.
Mithilesh SinghRakhi Chaturvedi 《Industrial Crops and Products》2012,36(1):321-328
The study revealed, for the first time, accumulation of spilanthol, an antiseptic alkylamide, in in vitro cultures of Spilanthes acmella Murr., a medicinal plant of immense commercial value. To achieve this, in vitro shoots were regenerated via direct organogenesis from leaf-disc explants of Spilanthes. Shoots were induced in the presence of N6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) alone or in combination with either α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) or Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in Murashige and Skoog medium. The best treatment for shoot regeneration was MS + BAP (5.0 μM) + IAA (5.0 μM), which promoted adventitious shoot proliferation in >82% cultures with an average of 5.3 shoots per explant. Regenerated shoots rooted spontaneously with a frequency of 100% on half strength MS medium (major salts reduced to half strength) containing 50 g l−1 sucrose. The plantlets were acclimatized successfully with 90% survival rate. Additionally, ploidy stability of the regenerated plants was assessed by flow cytometry which showed that all investigated plants had the similar ploidy as that of the mother plant. For spilanthol identification, peaks eluted from HPLC were analyzed by mass spectrometry with its characteristic fragmentation pattern. For quantification studies, calibration curve was generated, which revealed a higher amount of spilanthol content (3294.36 ± 12.4 μg/g DW) in the leaves of in vitro plants compare to those of in vivo plants (2703.66 ± 9.6 μg/g DW of spilanthol). An efficient multiplication frequency, ploidy stability and enhanced spilanthol accumulation ensure the efficacy of the protocol developed for this industrially important medicinal plant. 相似文献
4.
An improved and efficient in vitro regeneration system has been developed for Eclipta alba, a medicinally important plant, through transverse thin cell layer culture (tTCL). The transverse section of the nodal segment of field grown plants was used as tTCL explants for plant regeneration. Shoot multiplication from tTCL nodal explants was influenced by BAP and their interaction with Kin or NAA. MS medium containing 13.2 μM BAP and 4.6 μM Kin was most effective for shoot multiplication from tTCL nodal explants. Upon this medium, percent response for shoot proliferation was 100% with an average of 32.6 shoot buds per tTCL nodal explant. Regenerated shoots from tTCL nodal explants were rooted on the growth regulator free MS medium. The rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatized and established in soil with a survival frequency of 90-100%. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to evaluate the genetic fidelity of the micropropagated plants. RAPD profile analysis indicated that micropropagated plants were genetically similar to mother plant. 相似文献
5.
Factors influencing in vitro regeneration through direct shoot bud induction from hypocotyl explants of Jatropha curcas were studied in the present investigation. Regeneration in J. curcas was found to be genotype dependent and out of four toxic and one non-toxic genotype studied, non-toxic was least responsive. The best results irrespective of genotype were obtained on the medium containing 0.5 mg L−1 TDZ (Thidiazuron) and in vitro hypocotyl explants were observed to have higher regeneration efficiency as compared to ex vitro explant in both toxic and non-toxic genotypes. Adventitious shoot buds could be induced from the distal end of explants in all the genotypes. The number of shoot buds formed and not the number of explants responding to TDZ treatment were significantly affected by the position of the explant on the seedling axis. Explants from younger seedlings (≤15 days) were still juvenile and formed callus easily, whereas the regeneration response declined with increase in age of seedlings after 30 days. Transient reduction of Ca2+ concentrations to 0.22 g L−1 in the germination medium increased the number of responding explants.Induced shoot buds, upon transfer to MS medium containing 2 mg L−1 Kn (Kinetin) and 1 mg L−1 BAP (6-benzylamino purine) elongated. These elongated shoots were further proliferated on MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg L−1 IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) and 0.5 mg L−1 BAP and 3.01-3.91 cm elongation was achieved after 6 weeks. No genotype specific variance in shoot elongation was observed among the toxic genotypes except the CSMCRI-JC2, which showed reduced response. And for proliferation among the toxic genotypes, CSMCRI-JC4 showed highest number of shoots formed. Among the rest, no significant differences were observed. The elongated shoot could be rooted by pulse treatment on half-strength MS medium supplemented with 2% sucrose, 3 mg L−1 IBA (indole-3-butyric acid), 1 mg L−1 IAA, 1 mg L−1 NAA (α-naphthalene acetic acid) and subsequent transfer on 0.25 mg L−1 activated charcoal medium. The rooted plants could be established in soil with more than 90% success. No significant differences were observed in rooting of shoots in the different toxic genotypes. However, rooting response was reduced in non-toxic genotype as compared to toxic genotypes. 相似文献
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7.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(4):432-446
Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) is an important nutritionally rich vegetable cole crop grown in the world. Environmental stress, pests, and diseases cause enormous yield losses because of a limited gene pool. Genetic manipulation is becoming an important method for broccoli improvement. The objective of present study was to evaluate the potency of thidiazuron (TDZ) as a plant growth regulator in evoking morphogenic responses in leaf and petiole explants of broccoli. An efficient, reproducible, and high frequency plant regeneration protocol has been standardized in broccoli cv. Solan green head. Leaf and petiole explants were cultured on Murashige-Skoog (MS) medium, supplemented with a wide range of TDZ concentrations. The following treatments were designed for efficient in vitro shoot regeneration: TDZ alone, TDZ with adenine, TDZ with naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), and TDZ with indole acetic acid (IAA). Among the 36 combinations of growth regulators used, the highest percentage of leaf explants producing shoot (89.25%) was recorded on MS medium containing 1.0 μM TDZ and 0.107 μM NAA. The multiple shoot regeneration response of petiole explant producing shoots (91.55%) was obtained on MS medium containing 2.0 μM TDZ and 0.107 μM NAA. Shoot multiplication and elongation were obtained on the same medium. For root regeneration in in vitro regenerated shoots, different concentrations of NAA were applied. High frequency (100%) root regeneration response with healthy and vigorous roots was observed on MS medium supplemented with 0.54 μM NAA. The regenerated plantlets with well-developed shoots and root system were transferred to pots containing cocopeat and successfully acclimatized. We recommend 1.0 μM TDZ with 0.107 μM NAA and 2.0 μM TDZ and 0.107 μM NAA combinations for adventitious shoot regeneration from leaf and petiole explants in broccoli cv. Solan green head respectively. This is the first report on high frequency organogenesis from leaf and petiole explants of broccoli cv. Solan green head using thidiazuron. 相似文献
8.
To reduce the time period for in vitro regeneration in annatto (Bixa orellana L.), a highly efficient two-stage plant regeneration protocol had been developed that can be used commercially. Different types of explants: nodal shoot tips, shoot tips and single nodes from in vitro grown seedlings were inoculated onto the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of plant growth regulators. Highest number of shoot buds was obtained when nodal shoot tip explants were inoculated onto MS medium supplemented with 31.1 μM N6-benzyladenine (BA) and 14.7 μM phenylacetic acid (PAA). PAA in combination with BA exhibited a synergistic effect on shoot multiplication and elongation. Sub-culturing of the shoots onto the MS medium supplemented with BA (13.3 μM) and PAA (7.3 μM) produced elongated shoots. Elongated shoots when inoculated onto the MS medium supplemented with 4.9 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) produced optimal rooting. The rooted plantlets were hardened and their field survival rate after 6 weeks time was 73%. 相似文献
9.
Jayanti Singh Kavindra Nath Tiwari 《Industrial Crops and Products》2012,35(1):224-229
In vitro clonal propagation of Clitoria ternatea has been achieved by employing decapitated embryonic axes (DEAs) explants. The explants induced multiple shoots on cytokinin-containing medium. Several cytokinins [6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), 6-furfuryl aminopurine (KIN) and thidiazuron (TDZ)] were assayed. The best response was achieved with 2 mg l−1 BAP in which 100% of cultures produced 6.0 ± 0.14 shoots per explant. MS + 1 mg l−1 gibberellic acid (GA3) was the most suitable for shoot elongation. Regenerated shoots were rooted in half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 0.2 mg l−1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Plantlets were successfully acclimatized and established in soil, and they were morphologically indistinguishable from the source plant. The plantlets attained maturity and flowered normally. The efficient regeneration protocol reported here provides an important method of micropropagation of this plant. Furthermore, this protocol may be used for genetic transformation of this valuable medicinal plant for its further improvement. 相似文献
10.
《Industrial Crops and Products》2007,25(2):169-177
Scutellaria species have been used in many traditional medical systems and is well known among the Native American tribes as a strong emmenagogue and as a female medicinal herb. The inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) into the roots of micropropagated plantlets could help not only mass propagate these species, but also help grow in marginal, phosphorus deficient soils. Leaves, shoot apices, and nodal segments from wild as well as from greenhouse-grown plants were used to initiate cultures in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with cytokinins benzyladenine (BA), kinetin, thidiazuron (TDZ), naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), and indole butyric acid (IBA) Among all the explants tested for shoot bud induction, only shoot tips and nodal explants were responsive. Explants swelled and became rough on the surface at the end of 3-week incubation with many green shoot buds. Two to 3 weeks after transfering to rooting media with or without IBA, all shoots developed roots. In vitro raised plants were acclimatized in a mist chamber and transferred to 6-l containers in the greenhouse to study the role of AMF on plant growth and development. Inoculation with AMF, showed positive effects on plant growth, particularly root development compared with the control plants. Among the five AMF strains tested, S3004 increased plant height and fresh weights of shoot, root, and seed. 相似文献
11.
Differentiated tissue in Panax ginseng cultures was found to be very efficacious for saponin production. In order to increase the yield of saponins and preserve culture stability we were testing different plant growth regulators (PGR) and auxin/cytokinin combinations to regulate a level of tissue differentiation. For this purpose we used transverse thin cell layers (tTCLs) of adventitious roots of Panax ginseng. Adventitious roots were cultivated in Shenk and Hildebrand (SH) liquid medium supplemented with IBA (24.6 μM). Callus formation and root multiplication of adventitious root tTCLs was evaluated after 4 and following 12 weeks of cultivation, respectively, on SH basal medium containing various auxins (3 mg l−1) or cytokinins (0.2 or 0.02 mg l−1) or their combinations. We found that kinetin (Kin) in combination with auxin benzo[b]selenienyl acetic acid (BSAA), naphthalene acetic acid or indole-3-butric acidis the best for biomass production and following root multiplication. These combinations were tested in previously selected most suitable large-scale system—a temporary immersion system RITA. The best saponin production (15.94 ± 1.89 mg g−1 dry weight) and growth value (5.62 ± 0.34) was reached on medium containing BSAA and Kin combination. 相似文献
12.
采用二步倍增法直接再生了东方百合“星球战士”。鳞片切块培养在MS＋4．4μmol／L BA＋0．5μmol／L NAA的培养基上50d后,再生出大量丛生芽。将丛生芽切块置于同样的培养基上进行诱导,40d后,从基部短缩茎切片上诱导出了大量不定芽,但是根切段上不再生芽。一个中等大小的东方百合“星球战士”鳞茎120d就可以再生出97200个独立完整的新植株。研究还发现：加椰糠的培养基质最适于组培苗的驯化培养因而获得最高的移栽成活率。组培苗移栽后生长正常,2a后正常开花。 相似文献
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14.
G. SivanandhanM. Arun S. MayavanM. Rajesh T.S. MariashibuM. Manickavasagam N. SelvarajA. Ganapathi 《Industrial Crops and Products》2012,37(1):124-129
Calli were obtained from leaf, cotyledon and internode explants of in vitro-grown plants of Indian cultivar of Withania somnifera in MS medium supplemented with 2, 4-D (2.0 mg l−1) and Kinetin (0.2 mg l−1). The brown, semi-friable callus (500 mg FW) derived from leaf explants produced higher number of primary adventitious roots (9 roots/callus) in half strength MS medium fortified with IBA (0.5 mg l−1) and NAA (0.1 mg l−1). The primary adventitious roots with an inoculum mass of 15 g FW were cultured for 6 weeks in the same medium for secondary adventitious root proliferation. Elicitation of abiotic elicitor, aluminium chloride at 10 mg l−1 at the end of 4 weeks culture with 4 h exposure time enhanced withanolides productivity. Under similar culture conditions, the biotic elicitor, chitosan at 100 mg l−1 stimulated higher production of all withanolides when compared to aluminium chloride treatment. This is the first report on the use of callus-derived adventitious root culture for the enhanced production of withanolides upon chitosan elicitation. 相似文献
15.
以神农香菊茎段为外植体,研究植物生长调节剂及活性炭(AC)对神农香菊丛生芽诱导的影响,以建立神农香菊丛生芽诱导及植株再生的高频再生体系。结果表明,丛生芽诱导的最适培养基为MS+2.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.05 mg/L NAA,最适增殖培养基为MS+2.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.05 mg/L NAA+0.05 g/L AC,增殖系数为45.3,添加AC可有效促进玻璃化苗恢复;生根诱导的最适培养基为不添加任何生长调节剂的1/2MS,生根率高达100%;将生长良好的再生植株进行移栽,存活率可达100%。 相似文献
16.
《Industrial Crops and Products》2006,23(1):65-72
Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis Link Schneider) explants were cultured under four levels of sodium chloride salinity (0, 56.4, 112.8 and 169.2 mM) during the proliferation stage. The fresh and dry weight of explants, as well as their mean shoot length increased up to the medium salt concentration, while the mean shoot number decreased. Salinity enhanced the length and thickness of leaves as well as the thickness of shoots. Sodium and chloride ions accumulated significantly under saline conditions while the opposite stood for nitrate ions as well as for potassium, which concentration decreased significantly in the high salt treatment. Ethylene evolution was highest under the high salt concentration and low at the low and medium salt treatment, even lower than that of the control and therefore it exhibited a significant strong negative relationship with the changes of both fresh and dry weight during the third month under saline conditions. Explants were transferred separately from each salt treatment to the rooting stage at the end of the third month. There were not any significant differences among explants deriving from different salt treatments in the rooting percentage, the root number and length, 6 weeks after the incubation of explants into the rooting medium. 相似文献
17.
A simple and rapid method for micropropagation of succulent, salt accumulator and extreme halophyte Salicornia brachiata has been established for the first time using shoot tips and nodes. Individually, BA showed significant response compared to Kn and in combinations, improved shoot proliferation was observed with BA + NAA than BA + 2,4-D, however no significant response was observed with BA + IAA. Percentage of shoot response significantly increased with NaCl treatment in the combination of BA + NAA while BA + 2,4-D + NaCl combination showed reduced shoot proliferation followed by demises of most of cultures. Efficient shoot proliferation was observed with combinations BA (8.9 μM) + NAA (5.37 μM) + NaCl (500 mM) and BA (13.3 μM) + NAA (5.37 μM) + NaCl (250 mM) indicating that NaCl is required for the micropropagation. The developed method will facilitate functional analysis of novel salt responsive gene(s) isolated from S. brachiata and propagation of industrially important elite accessions. 相似文献
18.
以蝴蝶兰幼嫩花梗诱导的无菌苗叶片为外植体,以MS为基本培养基,研究不同暗培养时间和TDZ浓度对蝴蝶兰叶片诱导不定芽的影响。结果表明：暗培养和TDZ对接种的蝴蝶兰叶片的成活率均具有显著影响,暗培养60 d时,叶片的存活率在90%以上,而在同一暗培养时间条件下,叶片的存活率随着TDZ浓度的增加而上升;在TDZ浓度为3.0 mg/L,暗培养60 d时,蝴蝶兰存活叶片不定芽的诱导率最高,达到93.45%;诱导的不定芽数最多,平均每个外植体诱导的不定芽数为13.22个。综合考虑外植体的成活率、不定芽诱导率和诱导的不定芽数,蝴蝶兰叶片诱导不定芽的最佳条件为：MS＋TDZ 3.0 mg/L,暗培养60 d。 相似文献
19.
Plant regeneration from tuber discs of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) using 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP)
Summary Shoots, roots and callus were formed from tuber discs of potato, cultivar Désirée, when grown in vitro on the basal medium
of Murashige & Skoog (1962) (MS) supplemented with 2,4-D and/or BAP. Callus was formed in MS medium with 1 mg l−1 BAP plus 0.5 mg l−1 2,4-D, callus and roots were formed in MS with 1 mg l−1 BAP plus more than 0.5 mg l−1 2,4-D and shoots were formed directly on tuber discs cultured on MS medium with 1 mg l−1 BAP without the addition of 2,4-D.
Nodules produced at the explant surface after the 4th week increased in size following subculture onto the same medium (MS+BAP
alone), and 2 to 6 shoots developed from each nodule. After 9 weeks total time in culture, these shoots were excised and transferred
as cuttings to MS medium without growth regulators, after which roots developed and plantlets were formed.
A histological study of the explants at the sites of nodule formation indicated that the shoots developed from meristematic
zones initiated within small outgrowths of tissue similar to those occuring in adventive organogenesis but the presence of
shoot and root meristems associated with the same axis suggests the formation of somatic embryos. 相似文献
20.
Regeneration potentials in Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex. Hook f. from tissues culture system was studied using leaf, petiole and root explants. In vitro regeneration, callus induction and root formation were optimized by manipulation of growth regulators during organogenesis. Various kinds of plant growth regulators such as 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP), alpha-Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), Indole-3-Butyric acid (IBA), N6-[2-Isopentenyl]adenine (2iP), Kinetin and Zeatin were used to initiate cultures. These plant growth regulators were added to Murashige and Skoog medium in different combinations and concentrations. Adventitious shoots were obtained from petiole explants cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2.0 mg L(-1) BAP and 0.5 mg L(-1) NAA. Effectiveness of shoot regeneration medium, type of growth regulator used and duration of induction period were investigated. Leaf explants cultured on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L(-1) BAP and 2.0 mg L(-1) 2, 4-D showed the best results for callus induction. Root explants were found to be non-regenerative in all experiments conducted. Petiole segment was identified as the best explant for regeneration of this species. Regenerated plants were rooted on Murashige and Skoog basal medium. Plantlets were then transferred to field with 75% survival rate. 相似文献