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1.
通过对塔里木河下游4个观测点地下水位的监测和地下水蒸散发的估算,分析荒漠河岸林地下水位月和日的波动、地下水蒸散发(ET_g)的时空变化及其主要影响因素。结果表明:①在生态输水前(7月21日至8月12日),4个观测点地下水位呈整体下降趋势;而生态输水后,水位保持稳定上升趋势。在整个观测期内,地下水位都表现出明显的昼夜波动现象。②ET_g均呈现出单峰变化特征,08:00开始快速增加,在12:00-16:00维持在一个较高水平上,18:00以后快速下降,最高值出现在当地时间14:00。③ET_g随着植被类型、覆盖度的不同而存在显著差异,同时又受地下水位埋深的影响。④太阳辐射、温度和饱和水气压差是影响塔里木河下游地下水蒸散发日变化的主要因素,风速对其无显著影响。 相似文献
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针对水文水资源分析计算中最难估算的分量-蒸散发(Evapotranspiration,ET),以典型干旱区流域-玛纳斯河流域为研究对象,采用理论基础坚实、区域应用限制小、反演陆面蒸散发较为合理准确的双层阻抗模型,并根据研究区实际情况进行了模型参数化的基础上,结合MOIDS数据、气象观测数据和DEM数据,估算了该流域的陆面蒸散发量,并分析了其时空分布特征。研究结果表明:中高山区和绿洲平原区,由于植被覆盖度高,以植被蒸腾为主,蒸散发量小;而低山丘陵区和沙漠区,由于植被稀疏,以土壤蒸发为主,蒸发强烈,因而蒸散发量最大。 相似文献
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黑龙港地区夏玉米生长期综合ET试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了研究人类活动影响下流域二元水循环中农作物耗水通量特征,在华北平原黑龙港地区夏玉米生长期内,使用FDR与中子仪对土壤表层和剖面含水率分别进行了田间测量,对玉米的不同生长阶段特性、生长期内降雨以及土壤含水率的变化进行了分析.并以此为基础,对玉米苗期,拔节,抽雄,灌浆等各生长阶段利用水量平衡法进行了蒸散发量(ET)计算和... 相似文献
4.
通过对塔里木河下游4个观测点地下水位的监测和地下水蒸散发的估算,分析荒漠河岸林地下水位月和日的波动、地下水蒸散发（ETg）的时空变化及其主要影响因素。结果表明：①
在生态输水前（7月21日至8月12日）,4个观测点地下水位呈整体下降趋势;而生态输水后,水位保持稳定上升趋势。在整个观测期内,地下水位都表现出明显的昼夜波动现象。② ETg 均呈现出单峰变化特征,8:00开始快速增加,在12:00—16:00维持在一个较高水平上,18:00以后快速下降,最高值出现在当地时间14:00。③ ETg随着植被类型、覆盖度的不同而存在显著差异,同时又受地下水位埋深的影响。④
太阳辐射、温度和饱和水气压差是影响塔里木河下游地下水蒸散发日变化的主要因素,风速对其无显著影响。 相似文献
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河套灌区不同土地类型生长季蒸散发量估算及其变化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《干旱区研究》2020,(2)
为揭示不同土地类型蒸散发量(ET)差异特征,基于SEBS(surface energy balance system)模型,结合气象数据、遥感影像及土地利用分类结果,对河套灌区2017年生长季日ET进行SEBS模型估算,分析灌区ET时空变化特征及不同土地类型的ET差异。结果表明:①通过实测数据和FAO Penman-Monteith(PM)计算值对SEBS模型估算结果精度验证,蒸渗仪观测数据、涡度相关系统(EC)、波文比能量平衡系统(BREB)和PM计算值的相对误差平均值分别为:16. 66%、18. 34%、14. 93%、14. 03%,表明SEBS模型可以用来估算河套灌区ET。②生长季内,灌区日ET大小依次为:7月 6月 5月 8月 9月。日ET呈单峰形变化,7月日ET达到最大值5. 21 mm·d~(-1),9月日ET最小,为3. 51 mm·d~(-1)。③不同土地类型的日ET大小依次为:水体林地耕地草地城市荒地。灌区内ET分布与土地类型具有高度一致性,总体分类精度和Kappa系数分别为80. 63%和0. 75。④在生长季的不同时间,水体ET均处于较高值,7月日ET达到最大值6. 034 mm·d~(-1),9月日ET值最小,为4. 177 mm·d~(-1)。其次林地日ET较大,7月日ET值为5. 977 mm·d~(-1),9月日ET值为4. 147 mm·d~(-1)。耕地日ET变化趋势与作物生长情况相一致,作物生长旺盛期ET值达5. 851 mm·d~(-1),作物收获期ET值为3. 952 mm·d~(-1)。 相似文献
6.
基于Hydrus-1D模型的大安灌区旱田灌溉入渗补给研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以吉林省大安灌区为研究对象,在野外调查和资料收集的基础上,借助Hydrus-1D模型,模拟分析了旱田(玉米地)灌溉条件下地下水入渗补给过程。结果表明：模拟期间蒸散发动态变化较大,蒸腾量约为蒸发量的2.18倍,玉米生育期内,土壤水分蒸腾损失约占蒸散发消耗的79.74%,蒸散发在作物生长旺季以蒸腾为主,其它时段则以蒸发为主;旱田灌溉条件下,降水灌溉大量入渗形成土壤水,土壤水与地下水发生双向的、动态的水量频繁交换,模拟中地下水入渗补给量约为33.63 mm,入渗比为5.21%,其与研究区细密的包气带介质岩性有关。研究成果可为进一步开展旱田灌溉合理方案的制定提供科学依据。 相似文献
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25年来额济纳天然绿洲LUCC、ET与VC研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用Landsat-TM遥感数据解译了额济纳天然绿洲80年代、1900年和2009年的土地利用/土地覆盖变化(LUCC)及提取了植被覆盖度(VC),并利用SEBS反演了蒸散发(ET)。采用实地验证点7个和Google Earth验证点11个对2009年的影像解译和遥感反演ET的结果进行精度验证;影像解译的精度为77.78%,ET平均相对误差为8.72%。同时,对LUCC、ET及VC的时空分布格局及LUCC对ET和VC的影响做了探讨。ET以及VC的空间分布与LUCC的类型有关,ET的高值区主要在东居延海(苏泊淖尔)、东河(纳林河)、西河(木林河)、东西两河的19条支流、林地、VC较大的灌木及草地,除水体外,这些区域也是VC的高值区;而ET的低值区主要在荒漠、居民地、VC小的灌木、退化严重的草地及少量耕地,这些区域也是VC的低值区;除水体外,ET与VC的高低分布是大体一致的。据此,LUCC空间格局的变化特点基本控制了研究区的ET与VC的空间分布特点。 相似文献
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新疆塔里木盆地西缘参考作物蒸散发模型的适用性评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
参考作物蒸散发(ET0)是计算植被耗水量、分析区域水分平衡、管理水资源的基本参数。由于区域间气象条件的差异,ET0模型在不同地区表现出不同的适用性。文中以新疆塔里木盆地西缘的阿克苏地区为例,以PM模型计算值为标准,评价了H-S、P-T与Mc Cloud模型在研究区的适用性。结果表明:太阳总辐射与ET0日值之间呈现极强的相关性与偏相关性,说明太阳辐射能量是驱动SPAC系统中水分从植被向大气运动的主要动力;由于模型输入参数的不同,在ET0日值计算中,H-S模型、P-T模型与Mc Cloud模型计算值显著小于PM模型,其中以H-S模型计算精度最高,均方根误差为1.058mm,平均偏差为0.212mm;通过对H-S模型、P-T模型与Mc Cloud模型进行修正,不同模型的计算精度均有所提高,修正后Mc Cloud模型的计算精度最高,且3种模型修正后ET0日值与PM模型计算值无显著差异。文中研究结果可为塔里木盆地西缘地区参考作物蒸散发的计算提供重要参考。 相似文献
10.
地下水埋深对冬小麦和春玉米产量及水分生产效率的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用排水式蒸渗仪,通过设置6种地下水位控制处理(地下水位埋深分别为0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5 m和3.0 m)试验,探讨了太原盆地不同地下水埋深对冬小麦和春玉米生长指标、产量、产量构成因素及水分生产效率(WUE)的影响.结果表明,地下水埋深对冬小麦和春玉米千粒重的影响较小,对冬小麦干.物质重影响显著(P=0... 相似文献
11.
Evapotranspiration of an oasis-desert transition zone in the middle stream of Heihe River,Northwest China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
As a main component in water balance, evapotranspiration is of great importance for water saving and irrigation-measure making, especially in arid or semiarid regions. Although studies of evapotranspiration have been conducted for a long time, studies concentrated on oasis-desert transition zone are very limited. On the basis of the meteorological data and other parameters(e.g. leaf area index(LAI)) of an oasis-desert transition zone in the middle stream of Heihe River from 2005 to 2011, this paper calculated both reference(ET0) and actual evapotranspiration(ETc) using FAO56 Penman-Monteith and Penman-Monteith models, respectively. In combination with pan evaporation(Ep) measured by E601 pan evaporator, four aspects were analyzed:(1) ET0 was firstly verified by Ep;(2) Characteristics of ET0 and ETc were compared, while the influencing factors were also analyzed;(3) Since meteorological data are often unavailable for estimating ET0 through FAO56 Penman-Monteith model in this region, pan evaporation coefficient(Kp) is very important when using observed Ep to predict ET0. Under this circumstance, an empirical formula of Kp was put forward for this region;(4) Crop coefficient(Kc), an important index to reflect evapotranspiration, was also analyzed. Results show that mean annual values of ET0 and ETc were 840 and 221 mm, respectively. On the daily bases, ET0 and ETc were 2.3 and 0.6 mm/d, respectively. The annual tendency of ET0 and ETc was very similar, but their amplitude was obviously different. The differences among ET0 and ETc were mainly attributed to the different meteorological variables and leaf area index. The calculated Kc was about 0.25 and showed little variation during the growing season, indicating that available water(e.g. precipitation and irrigation) of about 221 mm/a was required to keep the water balance in this region. The results provide an comprehensive analysis of evapotranspiration for an oasis-desert transition zone in the middle stream of Heihe River, which was seldom reported before. 相似文献
12.
Groundwater is a vital water resource in arid and semi-arid areas. Diurnal groundwater table fluctuations are widely used to quantify rainfall recharge and groundwater evapotranspiration(ET_g). To assess groundwater resources for sustainable use, we estimated groundwater recharge and ET_g using the diurnal water table fluctuations at three sites along a section with different depths to water table(DWT) within a wetland of the Mukai Lake in the Ordos Plateau, Northwest China. The water table level was monitored at an hourly resolution using a Keller DCX-22 A data logger that measured both the total pressure and barometric pressure, so that the effect of barometric pressure could be removed. At this study site, a rapid water table response to rainfall was observed in two shallow wells(i.e., Obs1 and Obs2), at which diurnal water table fluctuations were also observed over the study period during rainless days, indicating that the main factors influencing water table variation are rainfall and ET_g. However, at the deep-water table site(Obs3), the groundwater level only reacted to the heaviest rainfalls and showed no diurnal variations. Groundwater recharge and ET_g were quantified for the entire hydrological year(June 2017–June 2018) using the water table fluctuation method and the Loheide method, respectively, with depth-dependent specific yields. The results show that the total annual groundwater recharge was approximately 207 mm, accounting for 52% of rainfall at Obs1, while groundwater recharge was approximately 250 and 21 mm at Obs2 and Obs3, accounting for 63% and 5% of rainfall, respectively. In addition, the rates of groundwater recharge were mainly determined by rainfall intensity and DWT. The daily mean ET_g at Obs1 and Obs2 over the study period was 4.3 and 2.5 mm, respectively, and the main determining factors were DWT and net radiation. 相似文献
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选取额济纳三角洲14口自动观测井日尺度的地下水位埋深观测值(2010.4-2011.4)作为数据基础,运用SPSS 18.0软件中的描述性分析,趋势分析和K-means聚类分析模块,对额济纳三角洲地下水位年内动态变化特征进行了分类分析。结果表明:研究区地下水位年内动态变化空间上存在着较大的差异性,其地下水位动态可分为四种波动类型。其中,类型Ⅰ主要分布在远离河道的荒漠地带,地下水位动态变化较为稳定;类型Ⅱ的观测井靠近东西河,地下水与河水不断的发生交换,多次的抬升下降是该类型地下水位动态变化的典型特征。类型Ⅲ主要分布于东河下游绿洲区,地下水位动态变化主要受人为调控的地表径流影响,地下水位剧升后缓慢下降是该波动类型的典型特征;类型Ⅳ分布在远离河道的绿洲区周边地带,其地下水位动态变化呈显著的下降趋势,地下水位缓慢下降是此波动类型的典型特征,这与地下水不断以蒸散发形式排泄,且得不到补给有关。 相似文献
14.
Yang ZHAO ChuanYan ZHAO ZhongLin XU YiYue LIU Yao WANG Chao WANG HuanHua PENG XiangLin ZHENG State 《干旱区科学》2012,(3):281-291
Riparian vegetation in the lower reaches of Heihe River serves important ecological functions. However, the riparian ecosystems have been constantly deteriorating in the past 30 years simply due to water interception for oasis agricultural irrigation in the middle reaches of the river. This study pays a particular attention to Populus euphratica Oliv. forest because it is a dominant component of the riparian ecosystem in the lower reaches of Heihe River where the depth of groundwater table is the controlling factor in sustaining riparian ecosystems. To reveal leaf-related physiological responses of Populus euphratica Oliv. forest to groundwater table variations, we analyzed the relationships between the depth of groundwater table (DG) and three leaf-related parameters, i.e. leaf stomatal density (SD), specific leaf area (SLA), and stable carbon isotopic composition (δ 13 C). Our results show that the relationship between DG and leaf SD is a bi-mode one shaped by both salt stress and water stress. That is, salt stress appeared in shallow groundwater conditions and water stress happened in deep groundwater conditions, and the thin layer around 2.7 m of DG is a stress-free layer. Leaf SD fluctuated according to the DG variation, first decreased with increasing DG, then increased at depths ranging 2.7-3.7 m, and after a relatively stable plateau of SD at depths ranging 3.7-5.2 m, decreased again with increasing DG. Our results also show that SLA decreased exponentially with increasing DG and foliar δ 13 C values are also strongly dependent on DG, further demonstrating that these two parameters are sensitive indicators of water stress. The exponential curve suggests that SLA is more sensitive to DG when groundwater table is shallow and 3 m seems to be a threshold beyond which SLA becomes less sensitive to DG. Foliar δ 13 C becomes more sensitive when the groundwater table is deep and 7 m seems to be a threshold below which the δ 13 C signature becomes more sensitive to DG. These findings should be helpful in monitoring the growth and development of Populus euphratica Oliv. forests and also in providing protection measures (i.e. DG related) for Heihe River riparian forests. 相似文献
15.
Evaluation of groundwater sustainability based on groundwater age simulation in the Zhangye Basin of Heihe River watershed,northwestern China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Water resources, as the primary limiting factor, constrain the economic and social development in arid inland areas. The Zhangye Basin is a representative area of inland river basins, which is located in the middle parts of the Heihe River watershed, northwestern China. Facing with the huge water shortage, people exploited ground- water at a large scale in recent years. The reducing recharge from surface water and over-exploitation of ground- water led to the decline of groundwater levels and threatened the sustainability of water resources. This study con- structed a conceptual and numerical groundwater flow model and calibrated the model based on the observed wells. A solute transport model was built using MT3DMS to calculate the groundwater age distribution in the Zhangye Basin. The simulated result shows that the youngest groundwater is distributed near the most upstream areas in the model domain, which is less than 1,000 a, older groundwater is distributed in deeper parts of the aquifer and near the discharge outlets, ranging from 6,000 a to over 20,000 a. Spatial variation of groundwater ages in the middle area indicates the recharge diversity between unconfined and confined aquifer. Groundwater age can serve as an indicator to evaluate groundwater’s renewal capacity and sustainability. The formation of groundwater resources in the lower stream area would spend 10,000 a or even more than 20,000 a, so exploitation of groundwater in these areas should be restrained. 相似文献
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利用2005-2010年塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地气象资料计算了极端干旱区塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地参考作物蒸散量(ET0),并与气象站蒸发皿蒸发量(Ep)进行了对比分析及影响因素的灰色关联度排序。结果表明:极端干旱区ET0最大值出现于7月,最小值则出现在1月;Ep最大值分别出现在6月,最小值出现在12月。灰色关联分析表明,在年时间尺度上与ET0关系最为紧密的气象因子是Umean,其次是Tmax,而影响Ep气象因子最为紧密的气象因子是Tmax,其次是Umean;在春、夏、秋、冬四个季节尺度上夏季对影响ET0和Ep的气象因子差异最大。ET0与Ep在春、秋、冬三个季节都成极显著关系,而在夏季呈显著线性关系,因此在不同时间尺度上二者可以进行互相替换。 相似文献
18.
叶尔羌河流域绿洲蒸散量的遥感估算 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以谐波法与双源遥感蒸散模型TSEB的耦合算法为基础,将模型反演的瞬时潜热通量扩展到日、月、年等时间尺度,并应用于新疆叶尔羌河流域绿洲。利用MODIS数据,结合地面气象资料,模拟分析了叶尔羌河绿洲2007年耗水的年内过程、区域分布以及不同土地利用的耗水比例。尽管该遥感方法只考虑地表能量平衡,但所模拟的绿洲年耗水总量与水量平衡法的估算结果接近,不同土地利用类型的蒸散量与类似山区来水条件下绿洲散耗型水文模型的模拟结果比较接近,表明该方法可以用于绿洲的耗水分析,估算结果可为绿洲水资源配置提供科学依据。 相似文献
19.
以西北内陆干旱区黑河中游为研究对象,基于1985年和2005年地下水位观测资料,利用地理信息系统(GIS)和地统计学(Geostatistics)方法,综合分析了过去20年来地下水空间变异规律。结果表明:黑河中游近20年来地下水位空间相关性减弱,局部异质性增强,地下水的连通性和脆弱性增加,冲积扇中上部地下水补给区的水位下降(5～15 m)显著,冲积扇下部和河谷细土平原地下水消耗区水位稳定下降,河谷盆地和河谷平原区同时存在水位上升现象,产生了环境地质灾害。因此,为了保持干旱区内陆河流域可持续发展,需要从多角度分析流域的水资源变异规律,合理配置干旱内陆河流域水资源,针对局部环境地质灾害尽快采取相应措施。 相似文献